<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[ZereSew ዘረ-ሰው]]></title><description><![CDATA[ዘረሰው፡ ለክላሲክስ፣ ለታሪክ፣ ለሃይማኖት፣ ለፍልስፍና፣ ለዘመናዊ ሥነ-ጽሑፍ እና ለአዕምሯዊ ታሪክ አማርኛ ተናጋሪ አንባቢዎች የሚቀርቡ መጣጥፎች እና ፖድካስቶች።

ZereSew: Amharic articles and podcasts covering Classics, History, Intellectual History, Religion, Philosophy, and Modern Literature.]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNIB!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefba35c9-a4f9-4710-8827-08cdea25103e_512x512.png</url><title>ZereSew ዘረ-ሰው</title><link>https://www.zeresew.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2026 17:47:09 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.zeresew.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[contact@zeresew.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[contact@zeresew.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Eyasu Kifle]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Eyasu Kifle]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[contact@zeresew.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[contact@zeresew.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Eyasu Kifle]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — Joseph Addison: Cato, a Tragedy]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4870;&#4660;&#4941; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757;&#4961; &#4779;&#4726; &#171;&#4853;&#4621;&#4757; &#4635;&#4824;&#4829; &#4704;&#4639;&#4734;&#4733; &#4773;&#4869; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4773;&#4763; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4773;&#4755;&#4848;&#4653;&#4875;&#4616;&#4757; &#8212; &#4853;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4707;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4614;&#4755;&#4616;&#4757;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; the 1713 tragedy that gave the American Revolution its slogans]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/joseph-addison-cato-a-tragedy</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/joseph-addison-cato-a-tragedy</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2026 13:02:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/217454273/e7258807f36e1155981b6999e6dcc8ec.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N7UH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F976304e1-b88d-45fe-a89d-ac870f6e1536_1456x819.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N7UH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F976304e1-b88d-45fe-a89d-ac870f6e1536_1456x819.jpeg 424w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#4704;1713 &#4704;&#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4753; &#4853;&#4649;&#4650; &#4620;&#4757; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4811;&#4755;&#4845; &#4840;&#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661; &#4616;&#4709;&#4662; &#4661;&#4616; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4962; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4720;&#4776;&#4941;&#4622; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4878;&#4757; &#4810;&#4877;&#4963; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4726;&#4650;&#4962; &#4840;&#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637; &#4704;&#4720;&#4752;&#4643; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4768;&#4904;&#4704;&#4904;&#4705;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4658;&#4843;&#4904;&#4704;&#4909;&#4709; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4768;&#4848;&#4635;&#4637;&#4678; &#4845;&#4704;&#4621;&#4901; &#4768;&#4904;&#4704;&#4904;&#4704;&#4962; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4720;&#4653;&#4776;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4776;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4666;&#4613; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4920;&#4632; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4966; &#4704;&#4656;&#4636;&#4757; &#4768;&#4941;&#4650;&#4779;&#4811; &#4769;&#4722;&#4779; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4653; &#4843;&#4659;&#4616;&#4936;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4672;&#4757;&#4962; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4813; &#4845;&#4613; &#4752;&#4813;&#4966; &#4768;&#4653;&#4704;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4845;&#4720;&#4648;&#4873;&#4632;&#4811;&#4621;? &#4616;&#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4616;&#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4840;&#4638;&#4651;&#4621; &#4901;&#4651;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4704;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4813;&#4900;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;?</p><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 1 &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4637;&#4669;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4633; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4909;&#4709;&#4904;&#4707;&#4814;&#4733; (&#4659;&#4707;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4811;&#4755;&#4845;&#4963; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4720;&#4672;&#4755;&#4675;&#4765; &#4808;&#4872;&#4758;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4707;&#4653;&#4720;&#4757; &#4705;&#4829; &#4704;&#4853;&#4649;&#4650; &#4620;&#4757; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4619;&#4845; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4653; &#4614;&#4758; &#4661;&#4616; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4964; &#4810;&#4877;&#4755; &#4726;&#4650; &#4720;&#4936;&#4651;&#4653;&#4672;&#4813; &#4768;&#4904;&#4704;&#4904;&#4705;&#4616;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4611;&#4637;&#4659; &#4874;&#4754;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4821;&#4648;&#4941;&#4721; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4726;&#4650; &#4947;&#4653;&#4722; &#4632;&#4650;&#4755; &#4634;&#4754;&#4661;&#4725;&#4653; &#4612;&#4757;&#4650; &#4660;&#4757;&#4725; &#4870;&#4757; (&#4710;&#4618;&#4757;&#4877;&#4709;&#4649;&#4781;) &#4720;&#4811;&#4755;&#4841;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4896;&#4653;&#4726; &#4611;&#4637;&#4659; &#4874;&#4754; &#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4964; &#4874;&#4754; &#4840;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4840;&#4808;&#4653;&#4677; &#4659;&#4757;&#4722;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4637; &#4659;&#4845;&#4896;&#4651; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648; &#4661;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4824;&#4619;&#4616;&#4635;&#4810; &#4768;&#4637;&#4707;&#4872;&#4752;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4634;&#4936;&#4621;&#4877; &#4656;&#4813; &#4938;&#4725; &#4840;&#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635; &#4704;&#4925;&#4755;&#4725; &#4661;&#4616;&#4720;&#4776;&#4619;&#4776;&#4621;&#4613; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4649;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4632;&#4616;&#4776;&#4720; &#4720;&#4648;&#4853;&#4720;&#4813;&#4723;&#4621; &#8212; &#4840;&#4810;&#4877; &#4947;&#4653;&#4722;&#4813;&#4757; &#4868;&#4756;&#4651;&#4621; &#4635;&#4653;&#4621;&#4709;&#4654;&#4757;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4878;&#4758;&#4733; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4675;&#4621; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4656;&#4633;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4810;&#4877; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4637; &#4843;&#4904;&#4704;&#4904;&#4705;&#4725; &#4843;&#4757;&#4753; &#4675;&#4621; &#4872;&#4848;&#4709; &#4704;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4757;&#4873;&#4643;&#4810; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4752;&#4824;&#4648; &#4635;&#4661;&#4896;&#4757;&#4672;&#4674;&#4843; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616;&#4720;&#4648;&#4849;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4755; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4779;&#4726;&#187; (Cato, a Tragedy) &#4704;1713 &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4619;&#4845; &#4808;&#4899;&#4964; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4827;&#4810;&#4813; &#4870;&#4660;&#4941; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;1672 &#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4964; &#4704;&#4774;&#4781;&#4661;&#4942;&#4653;&#4853; &#4720;&#4637;&#4654; &#4840;&#4619;&#4722;&#4757; &#4645;&#4752; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941;&#4755; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4768;&#4811;&#4674; &#4614;&#4752;&#4964; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813;&#4963; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4634;&#4754;&#4661;&#4725;&#4653; &#4614;&#4752;&#4964; &#4704;1719 &#4704;47 &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4829;&#4755;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4776;&#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845; &#4875;&#4653; &#4707;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4733;&#4813; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4616; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4659;&#4765; &#4853;&#4621; [&#4709;&#4620;&#4757;&#4611;&#4845;&#4637;] &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813;&#4757; &#171;&#4824; &#4779;&#4637;&#4948;&#4845;&#4757;&#187; (The Campaign) &#4925;&#4942; &#4808;&#4848; &#4776;&#4941;&#4720;&#4763; &#4840;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4635;&#4635; &#4808;&#4899;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4845;&#4704;&#4621;&#4901; &#4824;&#4619;&#4674;&#4813; &#4645;&#4651;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4650;&#4731;&#4653;&#4853; &#4661;&#4722;&#4621; &#4875;&#4653; &#171;&#4824; &#4661;&#4948;&#4781;&#4724;&#4720;&#4653;&#187; (The Spectator) &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4821;&#4616;&#4723;&#4810; &#4632;&#4925;&#4628;&#4725; &#4768;&#4659;&#4720;&#4632;&#4964; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4840;&#4757;&#4707;&#4709;&#4755; &#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4707;&#4613;&#4621;&#4757; &#4840;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648; &#4613;&#4725;&#4632;&#4725; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4675;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4638;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4875;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4661;&#4721;&#4757; &#4621;&#4869; &#4768;&#4661;&#4896;&#4653;&#4726; &#171;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4704;&#4637;&#4757; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4621;&#4709; &#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4638;&#4725; &#4773;&#4845;&#187; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4722;&#4721; &#4773;&#4840;&#4638;&#4720;&#4733; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757; &#4704;&#4925;&#4753; &#4723;&#4635; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4808;&#4651;&#4669; &#4621;&#4869; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4725;&#4637;&#4964; &#4629;&#4873; &#4840;&#4608;&#4758;&#4712;&#4653;&#4757; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4709; &#4808;&#4651;&#4669; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4878; &#4656;&#4845;&#4638; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4776;&#4707;&#4629;&#4653; &#4635;&#4854; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4672;&#4853;&#4638;&#4813; &#4645;&#4653;&#4808; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726;&#4618;&#4781; &#4720;&#4942;&#4779;&#4779;&#4650; &#4845;&#4896;&#4709;&#4677; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4672;&#4755;&#4725; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4632; &#4656;&#4619;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4619;&#4845; &#4776;&#4632;&#4813;&#4899;&#4721; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4672;&#4755;&#4725; &#4672;&#4848;&#4637; &#4709;&#4622; &#4768;&#4813;&#4654;&#4947;&#4757; &#4843;&#4675;&#4896;&#4616;&#4813; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4841;&#4725;&#4652;&#4781;&#4725; (Utrecht) &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; 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&#4704;&#4878;&#4752;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4653;&#4704;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4901;&#4704;&#4709;&#4963; &#4704;&#4941;&#4725;&#4629;&#4963; &#4704;&#4925;&#4755;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4621;&#4776;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4678;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752; &#4661;&#4813;&#4653; &#4661;&#4636;&#4725;&#4963; &#4941;&#4725;&#4629; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4909;&#4678;&#4755;&#4963; &#4853;&#4941;&#4648;&#4725; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4707;&#4854; &#4905;&#4792;&#4725;&#4963; &#4621;&#4776;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4925;&#4757;&#4936;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938;&#4813; &#4768;&#4653;&#4704;&#4763;&#4963; &#4720;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938;&#4813; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850;</strong> &#8212; &#4811;&#4669;&#4757;&#4877;&#4720;&#4757;&#4963; &#4864;&#4936;&#4653;&#4656;&#4757;&#4755; &#4941;&#4651;&#4757;&#4781;&#4618;&#4757; &#4704;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4720;&#4664;&#4757;&#4936;&#4813; &#4706;&#4614;&#4757; &#4758;&#4654; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4629;&#4877; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850;&#4814;&#4733; &#4845;&#4656;&#4672;&#4617; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4779;&#4726;&#4637; &#4616;&#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4779;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755;&#4963; &#4616;&#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4848;&#4875;&#4938;&#4814;&#4733; &#4877;&#4725;&#4653; &#4707;&#4619;&#4875;&#4651; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 2 &#8212; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810;? (&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4652;&#4661; &#4945;&#4709;&#4618;&#4779;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4637; &#4616;&#4709;&#4825; &#4632;&#4726; &#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4725;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4840;&#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4648;&#4897; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4678;&#4757;&#4658;&#4622;&#4733;&#4755; &#4660;&#4756;&#4725; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4853;&#4655;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#171;&#4652;&#4661; &#4945;&#4709;&#4618;&#4779;&#187; (Res Publica) &#8212; &#171;&#4840;&#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4873;&#4851;&#4845;&#187; &#8212; &#4840;&#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4781; &#4675;&#4621; &#4632;&#4752;&#4667; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4757;&#4873;&#4645;&#187; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4661;&#4853;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4904;&#4779;&#4761;&#4757; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4768;&#4661;&#4808;&#4877;&#4848;&#4813; 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&#4661;&#4653;&#4678;&#4725; &#4768;&#4875;&#4621;&#4902; &#4768;&#4920;&#4851;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4705; &#4661;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4632;&#4659;&#4659;&#4845; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813; &#4677;&#4853;&#4632; &#4768;&#4843;&#4721; [&#4840;&#4672;&#4848;&#4632;&#4813; &#4779;&#4726; / Cato the Elder] &#4704;&#4654;&#4637; &#4840;&#4901;&#4757;&#4723;&#4810; &#4901;&#4709;&#4677;&#4752;&#4725;&#4963; &#4840;&#4673;&#4896;&#4707;&#4755; &#4840;&#4638;&#4651;&#4621; &#4757;&#4925;&#4629;&#4755; &#4637;&#4659;&#4620; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4877;&#4725;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4845;&#4672;&#4621;&#4849;&#4704;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4658;&#4936;&#4621;&#4873;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4845;&#4612;&#4851;&#4617;</strong> &#8212; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4704;&#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4618;&#4872;&#4827;&#4813; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4656;&#4813; &#4658;&#4936;&#4616;&#4877; &#4840;&#4634;&#4896;&#4651;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4676;&#4659;&#4653;&#4755; &#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4777;</strong> &#8212; &#4865;&#4618;&#4840;&#4661; &#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4654;&#4637;&#4757; &#4618;&#4843;&#4853;&#4659;&#4725; &#4845;&#4936;&#4621;&#4875;&#4621;&#4964; &#4779;&#4726; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4851;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4821;&#4853;&#4659;&#4721; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4768;&#4941;&#4653;&#4662; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4752;&#4707; &#4776;&#4614;&#4752; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813; &#4707;&#4854; &#4677;&#4653;&#4938;&#4725; &#4632;&#4614;&#4753;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4941;&#4677;&#4653; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4660;&#4756;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4616; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4660;&#4651; &#4658;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4649; &#4779;&#4726; &#4616;&#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4704;&#4768;&#4848;&#4707;&#4707;&#4845; &#4845;&#4752;&#4704;&#4709; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4721; &#4840;&#4656;&#4653;&#4714;&#4618;&#4843; (Servilia) &#8212; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4840;&#4773;&#4755;&#4725; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4773;&#4741;&#4725; &#8212; &#4840;&#4941;&#4677;&#4653; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>48 &#4819;.&#4819;. &#8212; &#4840;&#4654;&#4637; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4726; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4672;&#4653;&#4704;&#4813; &#4632;&#4653;&#4627;&#4810; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4656;&#4619;&#4637;&#4755; &#4709;&#4621;&#4925;&#4877;&#4755;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4939;&#4653;&#4659;&#4616;&#4661; &#4808;&#4848; &#4769;&#4722;&#4779;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4726; &#4776;&#4950;&#4637;&#4948; &#4878;&#4757; &#4678;&#4632;&#4964; &#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4704;&#4939;&#4653;&#4659;&#4616;&#4661; (Pharsalus) &#4768;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;&#4964; &#4950;&#4637;&#4948; &#4664;&#4669;&#4726; &#4704;&#4877;&#4709;&#4933; &#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4962; &#4779;&#4726; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4813;&#4757; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4845;&#4830; &#4808;&#4848; &#4656;&#4636;&#4757; &#4768;&#4941;&#4650;&#4779; &#4720;&#4667;&#4877;&#4654; &#4769;&#4722;&#4779;&#4757; (Utica) &#4637;&#4669;&#4877; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4964; &#4704;&#4723;&#4949;&#4656;&#4661; (Thapsus) &#4840;&#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4779;&#4813;&#4843;&#4753; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4720;&#4848;&#4632;&#4656;&#4656;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4637;&#4629;&#4648;&#4725;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4672;&#4704;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4896;&#4619;&#4726;&#4729;&#4757; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4621;&#4635;&#4849; 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&#4872;&#4709;&#4726; &#4840;&#4949;&#4619;&#4726;&#4757; &#171;&#4940;&#4854;&#187; (Phaedo) &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4752;&#4941;&#4661; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4638;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813;&#4757; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#8212; &#4776;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4768;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4616;&#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763; &#4874;&#4828; &#4768;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4845;&#4937;&#4755; &#4661;&#4940;&#4721;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4813;&#4875;&#4725; &#4808;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813;&#4753; &#4768;&#4621;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4624;&#4778;&#4637; &#4673;&#4661;&#4617;&#4757; &#4656;&#4939;&#4616;&#4725;&#4964; &#4779;&#4726; &#4776;&#4773;&#4757;&#4677;&#4621;&#4937; &#4658;&#4752;&#4675; &#4661;&#4940;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4872;&#4827; &#4773;&#4865; &#4872;&#4757;&#4901;&#4622; &#4899;&#4616;&#4813;&#4962; &#4704;46 &#4819;.&#4819;. &#4704;&#4769;&#4722;&#4779; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#4661;&#4633;&#4637; &#4776;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4899;&#4709;&#4678; &#4672;&#4648; &#8212; &#4840;&#4769;&#4722;&#4779;&#4813; &#4779;&#4726; (Cato of Utica)</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4726;&#4845;&#4781; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4720; &#4673;&#4901;&#4901;&#4653; &#4645;&#4653; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#4704;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4843;&#4757;&#4720; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4608;&#4709;&#4725;&#4963; &#4900;&#4755;&#4963; &#4829;&#4755;&#4755; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4618;&#4808;&#4656;&#4849; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4617;&#4963; &#4840;&#4638;&#4651;&#4621; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907;&#4613; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4808;&#4656;&#4853;&#4637;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4613; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4899;&#4813; 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&#4707;&#4616;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4755;&#4725; &#4704;&#4651;&#4661; &#4661;&#4637; &#4632;&#4923;&#4941; &#4768;&#4848;&#4872;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661; &#4720;&#4664;&#4941;&#4758; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4675;&#4621; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4781;&#4661; &#4843;&#4853;&#4755;&#4621; &#8212; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4632;&#4659;&#4661;&#4622; &#4840;&#4720;&#4678;&#4899; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#4901;&#4939;&#4720;&#4763; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4752;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4901;&#4757;&#4721; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781;&#4755; &#4840;&#4654;&#4637; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4849; &#4840;&#4754;&#4846;&#4781;&#4619;&#4658;&#4779;&#4621; &#4629;&#4877;&#4875;&#4725; (Classical Unities)&#4966; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4710;&#4723;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4725;&#4962; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4776;&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4901;&#4709;&#4677; &#4768;&#4781;&#4709;&#4655;&#4621;&#4964; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4661;&#4757;&#4765; &#4720;&#4925;&#4943;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4629;&#4877; &#4768;&#4776;&#4651;&#4779;&#4650; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4811;&#4755;&#4813; &#4840;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4878;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4612;&#4849; &#4840;&#4941;&#4677;&#4653; &#4723;&#4650;&#4782;&#4733; &#4768;&#4617;&#4964; &#4704;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753;&#4637; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4840;&#4941;&#4677;&#4649; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4704;&#4877;&#4851;&#4869; &#4840;&#4720;&#4904;&#4632;&#4648; &#4752;&#4813; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4720;&#4808;&#4677;&#4663;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723;&#4845;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723;&#4845;&#4637;&#4964; &#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4757;&#4852;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4808;&#4899;&#4637;&#4962; &#4840;&#4634;&#4723;&#4840;&#4813; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4875;&#4872;&#4649; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4821;&#4899; &#4936;&#4757;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4813;&#4909; &#4845;&#4808;&#4656;&#4755;&#4621; &#8212; &#4845;&#4792;&#4813;&#4637; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4618;&#4843;&#4755;&#4877;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4873;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4757; &#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4776;&#4766;&#4733; &#4632;&#4661;&#4720;&#4811;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4776;&#4704;&#4649; &#4773;&#4870;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4848;&#4872;&#4936; &#4632;&#4781;&#4936;&#4731;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4877;&#4706;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; (Prologue) &#4768;&#4620;&#4781;&#4659;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4950;&#4949; (Alexander Pope)&#4963; &#4840;&#4632;&#4829;&#4874;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; (Epilogue) &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4659;&#4633;&#4772;&#4621; &#4875;&#4653;&#4829; &#4923;&#4937;&#4725;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 3 &#8212; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4721; &#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4726;&#4733; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669; (&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4710;&#4723;&#4813;&#4755; &#4672;&#4753;</strong> &#8212; &#4769;&#4722;&#4779; (Utica)&#4964; &#4840;&#4872;&#4837;&#4813; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#8212; &#4896;&#4811;&#4725; &#4845;&#4864;&#4637;&#4651;&#4621;&#4963; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4672;&#4757; &#4635;&#4723; &#4843;&#4704;&#4675;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4617;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4726;&#4964; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4808;&#4757;&#4854;&#4733; &#4621;&#4870;&#4729; &#4950;&#4653;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;&#4755; &#4635;&#4653;&#4776;&#4661;&#4964; &#4660;&#4725; &#4621;&#4865; &#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4843;&#4964; &#4768;&#4827;&#4813;&#4757;&#4721; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4653; &#4617;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;&#4755; &#4621;&#4865; &#4617;&#4658;&#4843;&#4964; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4653; &#4660;&#4637;&#4949;&#4654;&#4754;&#4840;&#4661;&#4964; &#4840;&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4621;&#4817;&#4621; &#4865;&#4707;&#4964; &#4840;&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837;&#4755; &#4840;&#4865;&#4707; &#4768;&#4635;&#4779;&#4650; &#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661;&#4964; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4840;&#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4632;&#4621;&#4773;&#4781;&#4720;&#4763; &#4852;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4638;&#4729; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4845;&#4632;&#4659;&#4656;&#4619;&#4617;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4633;&#4617; &#4661;&#4637; &#4635;&#4653;&#4776;&#4661; &#4950;&#4653;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#4779;&#4726; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4621;&#4870;&#4729; &#4661;&#4635;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4776;&#4768;&#4707;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637; &#4768;&#4877;&#4765;&#4720;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962; &#4617;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#4768;&#4707;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4617;&#4658;&#4843; &#4621;&#4865; &#4755;&#4725;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4966; &#4896;&#4811;&#4721;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4632;&#4755;&#4635; &#4757;&#4875;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; 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&#4845;&#4845;&#4824;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4660;&#4637;&#4949;&#4654;&#4754;&#4840;&#4661; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4658;&#4672;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4726;&#4757; &#4779;&#4808;&#4848;&#4656; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4938;&#4721; &#4845;&#4672;&#4840;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4843;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616;&#4720;&#4752;&#4936;&#4872;&#4813; &#4779;&#4726;&#4757; &#4616;&#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4768;&#4659;&#4621;&#4942; &#4616;&#4632;&#4661;&#4896;&#4725; &#4808;&#4661;&#4759;&#4621;&#4963; &#4669;&#4621;&#4635;&#4721;&#4637; &#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4843; &#4755;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661;&#4755; &#4660;&#4651;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4654;&#4733; &#4616;&#4819;&#4632;&#4925; &#4829;&#4877;&#4865; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4648;&#4813; &#4621;&#4817;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4865;&#4707; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4616; &#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4709;&#4675;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661; &#4661;&#4616; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616; &#4936;&#4648;&#4657;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616; &#4902;&#4653; &#4840;&#4907;&#4752;&#4813; &#4829;&#4614;&#4757;&#4755; &#4661;&#4616; &#4827;&#4635; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4845;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4865;&#4707; &#4877;&#4757; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4843;&#4757; &#171;&#4704;&#4768;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4869;&#4635;&#4725; &#4873;&#4621;&#4704;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4632;&#4897; &#4901;&#4652; &#4733;&#4622;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;&#4962;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4896;&#4651;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4904;&#4779;&#4766;&#4731;&#4733;&#4757;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4865;&#4707; &#4840;&#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4704;&#4878;&#4752;&#4725; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; 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&#4845;&#4632;&#4661;&#4616;&#4763;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4635;&#4635;&#4734;&#4733; &#4621;&#4709; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4896;&#4709;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4829;&#4651;&#4725;&#4962;&#187; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4725; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725;&#4966; &#4660;&#4756;&#4721;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4840;&#4768;&#4707;&#4724; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4840;&#4654;&#4637; &#4660;&#4756;&#4725;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4937;&#4725; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4654;&#4733; &#4901;&#4674;&#4725; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4779;&#4726; &#4873;&#4707;&#4772;&#4813;&#4757; &#4845;&#4776;&#4941;&#4723;&#4621;&#4966; &#171;&#4768;&#4707;&#4726;&#4733; &#4614;&#4845;&#4963; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4872;&#4755; &#4704;&#4637;&#4781;&#4653; &#4720;&#4656;&#4709;&#4661;&#4704;&#4755;&#4621;&#4962; &#4843;&#4656;&#4707;&#4656;&#4704;&#4757; &#4840;&#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4632;&#4675;&#4648;&#4709; 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&#4845;&#4896;&#4845;&#4675;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4660;&#4637;&#4949;&#4654;&#4754;&#4840;&#4661; &#171;&#4840;&#4654;&#4637; &#4660;&#4756;&#4725; &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4840;&#4725;&#4763;&#4813;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4632;&#4653;&#4901; &#4648;&#4837;&#4637; &#4874;&#4828; &#4845;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4651;&#4621;&#4757; &#8212; &#4707;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4638;&#4725;&#4757;?&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#171;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;!&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4896;&#4811;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4637;&#4726; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4617;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#171;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637;!&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621; &#8212; &#4896;&#4705; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4704;&#4632;&#4704;&#4616;&#4726;&#4733;&#4755; 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&#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4845;&#4616;&#4808;&#4899;&#4621;?</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4726; &#4704;&#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4726;&#4733; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4768;&#4845;&#4808;&#4827;&#4808;&#4829;&#4637;&#4963; &#4624;&#4659;&#4705;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4632;&#4621;&#4661;&#4637;&#4962; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763;&#4813; &#4901;&#4653;&#4899;&#4652;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4656;&#4845;&#4937; &#4776;&#4872;&#4707; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4840;&#4634;&#4757;&#4672;&#4659;&#4672;&#4657;&#4725; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4619;&#4720;&#4633;&#4725; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4966; &#4660;&#4637;&#4949;&#4654;&#4754;&#4840;&#4661; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4845;&#4672;&#4840;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4617;&#4658;&#4843; &#4725;&#4808;&#4661;&#4757;&#4755; &#4811;&#4875; &#4725;&#4776;&#4941;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4635;&#4653;&#4776;&#4661; &#4776;&#4941;&#4677;&#4653; &#4808;&#4848; &#4638;&#4725; &#4845;&#4654;&#4899;&#4621;&#4964; &#4865;&#4707; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4845;&#4672;&#4848;&#4851;&#4621;&#4964; &#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4843; &#4704;&#4768;&#4661;&#4776;&#4652;&#4757; &#4619;&#4845; &#4709;&#4731; &#4632;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4840;&#4731;&#4616;&#4733;&#4813;&#4757; &#4725;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4616;&#4808;&#4897; &#4853;&#4781;&#4632;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4616;&#4813;&#4966; &#4779;&#4726; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4638;&#4651;&#4621; &#4632;&#4616;&#4778;&#4843; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4620;&#4622;&#4729; &#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4634;&#4827;&#4757; &#4720;&#4616;&#4781;&#4720;&#4813; &#4845;&#4723;&#4843;&#4617;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4941;&#4921;&#4637; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813; &#4709;&#4728;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4651;&#4657; &#4635;&#4821;&#4776;&#4619;&#4810; &#4909;&#4709;&#4897; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843;&#4810;&#4813; &#4621;&#4817;&#4621; &#4637;&#4757; &#4773;&#4840;&#4640;&#4651; &#4752;&#4813;?</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4672;&#4619;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4966; &#4865;&#4707; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4709;&#4825; &#4768;&#4901;&#4727;&#4621; &#8212; &#4768;&#4872;&#4649; &#4720;&#4813;&#4899;&#4616;&#4733;&#4963; &#4768;&#4707;&#4721; &#4638;&#4727;&#4621;&#4963; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4721; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4616;&#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4845;&#4811;&#4875;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4845;&#4776;&#4709;&#4851;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4616; &#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4720;&#4752;&#4645;&#4726; &#4840;&#4634;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4653; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813;&#4964; &#4661;&#4633;&#4637; &#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661; &#8212; &#4811;&#4755;&#4813; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850;&#4962; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4616;&#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4629;&#4829;&#4705;&#4757; &#171;&#4904;&#4779;&#4766;&#4733;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4909; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875;&#4813; &#4704;&#4653; &#4637;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4726; &#4773;&#4637;&#4706;&#4723;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4709;&#4651;&#4651;&#4813; &#4658;&#4638;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4632;&#4656;&#4755;&#4781;&#4617; &#4824;&#4653; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4840;&#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#4813;&#4637; &#4654;&#4637; &#4661;&#4725;&#4808;&#4853;&#4677; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;&#4963; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4757;&#4707;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4848;&#4939;&#4653;&#4755; &#4704;&#4878; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752; &#4609;&#4617; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763;&#4813; &#4757;&#4707;&#4709; &#171;&#4704;&#4649; &#4616;&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4720;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#171;&#4704;&#4649; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4720;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4677;&#4899;&#4907; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4723;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4616;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4721; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4936;&#4733;&#4813;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4781;&#4936;&#4731;&#4813; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4661;&#4616; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4661;&#4616; &#4656;&#4845;&#4937;? &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4617;&#4637; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4843; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4814;&#4729; &#4768;&#4645;&#4653; &#4848;&#4674;&#4675;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4721; &#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4726;&#4733; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4779;&#4726; &#4704;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4619;&#4845; &#4709;&#4825; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4864;&#4637;&#4648;&#4813; &#4704;&#4865;&#4707; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4865;&#4707; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4720;&#4845;&#4831;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4704;&#4777;&#4621; &#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661;&#4963; &#4840;&#4768;&#4707;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4848;&#4651; &#4720;&#4664;&#4781;&#4638; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4768;&#4827;&#4813;&#4757;&#4725;&#4964; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4704;&#4777;&#4621; &#4779;&#4726;&#4963; &#4865;&#4707; &#4651;&#4657; &#171;&#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763; &#4768;&#4707;&#4724;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763; &#4704;&#4777;&#4621; &#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4843; &#8212; &#4779;&#4726;&#4757; &#4776;&#4776;&#4851; &#4704;&#4669;&#4621;&#4635;&#4725; &#4843;&#4872;&#4763;&#4723;&#4621;&#4963; &#4779;&#4621;&#4776;&#4851; &#4779;&#4726; &#4768;&#4845;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4877; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4661;&#4621; &#4632;&#4829;&#4874;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4726; &#4768;&#4621;&#4910;&#4792;&#4637;&#4963; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4678;&#4899;&#4637;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4843; &#4870;&#4654;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4824;&#4875; &#4848;&#4877; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4616;&#4757;&#4873;&#4645;&#187; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#171;&#4616;&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843;&#4810;&#187; &#4768;&#4619;&#4616;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4845;&#4613; &#4840;&#4720;&#4667;&#4616; &#4757;&#4707;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4966; &#4661;&#4616; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4873; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4661;&#4616; &#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4779;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752; &#4873;&#4851;&#4841; &#4776;&#4824;&#4648;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4808;&#4901;&#4727;&#4621;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4808;&#4899;&#4963; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4852;&#4725; &#4872;&#4707;? &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4653; &#4621;&#4865;&#4757; &#4616;&#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4768;&#4845;&#4656;&#4901;&#4637; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4865;&#4707; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4781;&#4616;&#4813; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4651;&#4657; &#4829;&#4677;&#4720;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4813;&#4851;&#4660; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4840;&#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4632;&#4656;&#4648;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; &#4865;&#4707; &#171;&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843;&#4810; &#4752;&#4765;&#187; &#4658;&#4621; &#4779;&#4726; &#4620;&#4619; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4843; &#4776;&#4941;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4840;&#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4877; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4621;&#4781; &#4752;&#4613;&#4963; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4733;&#4877;&#4652; &#4843; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843;&#4810; &#4704;&#4872;&#4827; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4656;&#4872;&#4757;&#4704;&#4725; &#4620;&#4619; &#4675;&#4621; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4661;&#4620;&#4721;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4865;&#4707; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4963; &#4779;&#4726;&#4637; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4901;&#4872;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4632;&#4608;&#4621; &#4621;&#4865;&#4757; &#4656;&#4901;&#4726; &#4706;&#4614;&#4757; &#171;&#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4875;&#4709;&#4731; &#4848;&#4616;&#4616;&#187; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4776;&#4656;&#4661; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4659;&#4635;&#4765; &#4725;&#4757;&#4720;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4656;&#4637; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4897;&#4757; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4726;&#4733; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4865;&#4707; &#4808;&#4872;&#4753;&#4757; &#4776;&#4851;?</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4966; &#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661; &#4757;&#4921;&#4629; &#4656;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4672;&#4757; &#4896;&#4811;&#4725; &#4776;&#4660;&#4637;&#4949;&#4654;&#4754;&#4840;&#4661; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4637;&#4726; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637; &#4768;&#4941;&#4650;&#4779;&#4757; &#4616;&#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4776;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4865;&#4707; &#4840;&#4720;&#4675;&#4808;&#4632;&#4813; &#4808;&#4872;&#4753;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4808;&#4872;&#4753;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4664;&#4896;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4840;&#4637;&#4896;&#4845;&#4672;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616; &#4865;&#4707; &#4840;&#4877;&#4621; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4768;&#4720;&#4843;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4661;&#4616; &#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4941; &#4704;&#4776;&#4611;&#4850;&#4813; &#4651;&#4661; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4758;&#4648;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4721; &#4782;&#4653;&#4726; &#4616;&#4779;&#4726; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635; &#4840;&#4634;&#4678;&#4637; &#4620;&#4619; &#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843;&#4810; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4723;&#4648;&#4672; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;</strong> &#8212; &#4865;&#4707; &#4840;&#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4632;&#4653;&#4903;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4853;&#4638; &#4632;&#4653;&#4902;&#4616;&#4723;&#4621;? &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4704;&#4672;&#4619;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4723;&#4653;&#4677; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4840;&#4616;&#4765;&#4637;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616;&#4620;&#4616;&#4765;&#4637; &#4704;&#4877;&#4853; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4901;&#4653;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4660;&#4637;&#4949;&#4654;&#4754;&#4840;&#4661; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828;</strong> &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;&#4672;&#4840;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4704;&#4779;&#4726; &#4938;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4966; &#4779;&#4726; &#4720;&#4651;&#4813;&#4757; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653; &#4658;&#4621; &#4660;&#4637;&#4949;&#4654;&#4754;&#4840;&#4661; &#4808;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813;&#4753; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4672;&#4845;&#4654; &#4840;&#4819;&#4632;&#4921;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4678;&#4733; &#4616;&#4677;&#4899;&#4725; &#4720;&#4648;&#4776;&#4704;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4726; &#4843;&#4619;&#4824;&#4824;&#4813; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4726; &#171;&#4638;&#4725; &#4845;&#4672;&#4704;&#4617;&#4964; &#4704;&#4638;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4877;&#4757; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4632;&#4614;&#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4723;&#4813;&#4661;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4768;&#4661;&#4673;&#4638;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4825; &#4840;&#4720;&#4899;&#4656;&#4813; &#4779;&#4726; &#4776;&#4808;&#4899; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4619;&#4808;&#4672;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4660;&#4637;&#4949;&#4654;&#4754;&#4840;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4852;&#4725; &#4843;&#4843;&#4621;?</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4813;&#4661;&#4899;&#4810; &#4901;&#4621;&#4672;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4656;&#4896;&#4757;&#4637;&#4962; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4658;&#4672;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616; &#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4843;&#4755; &#4661;&#4616; &#4669;&#4621;&#4635;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4659;&#4637;&#4757;&#4704;&#4725; &#4840;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4941;&#4621;&#4661;&#4941;&#4755; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4853;&#4781;&#4632;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4661;&#4616; &#4947;&#4653;&#4722; 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&#4840;&#4950;&#4653;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;&#4757; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4808;&#4661;&#4854; &#4768;&#4667;&#4669;&#4622; &#4616;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4782;&#4622;&#4756;&#4621; &#4704;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4840;&#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#171;&#4853;&#4621;&#4757; &#4635;&#4824;&#4829; &#4704;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4656;&#4813; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4720; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4872;&#4611;&#4621; &#8212; &#4853;&#4617; &#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4611;&#4621;&#187; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4964; &#4776;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4632;&#4811;&#4657;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4896;&#4672;&#4656;&#4637;&#4962; &#4782;&#4622;&#4756;&#4617; &#4708;&#4756;&#4850;&#4781;&#4725; &#4768;&#4653;&#4758;&#4621;&#4853; (Benedict Arnold) &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4776;&#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4808;&#4848; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4830;&#4733; &#4840;&#4782;&#4704;&#4616;&#4616;&#4813;&#4755; &#4661;&#4633; &#4704;&#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4616;&#171;&#4776;&#4611;&#4850;&#187; &#4720;&#4637;&#4659;&#4620;&#4725; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813;&#4962; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4757; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653; &#4636;&#4851; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li></ol><h3>&#4632;&#4829;&#4874;&#4843;</h3><p>&#4781;&#4941;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4824;&#4875;&#4813; &#4704;&#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4757; &#4725;&#4896;&#4845;&#4672;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; &#4661;&#4616; &#4715;&#4618; &#4942;&#4653;&#4869; &#4637;&#4757; &#4706;&#4872;&#4765; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709;&#4613;&#4757; &#4725;&#4616;&#4813;&#4899;&#4616;&#4613;? &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4845;&#4824;&#4648;&#4829;&#4651;&#4621; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4651; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667;&#4963; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4824;&#4875;&#4869; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4896; &#4845;&#4939;&#4810; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829;&#4963; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4649;&#4725;&#4757; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4633;&#4617; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4653; &#4840;&#4843;&#4824; &#4656;&#4752;&#4853;&#4962; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4658;&#4936;&#4616;&#4873; &#4758;&#4648;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4872;&#4761;&#4637;&#4962;</p><p>&#4720;&#4651;&#4811; &#4661;&#4725;&#4848;&#4653;&#4661; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4896;&#4845;&#4672;&#4813; &#4656;&#4752;&#4853; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4614;&#4753;&#4757; &#4725;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4853;&#4757;&#4677; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4840;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4877;&#4616;&#4656;&#4709; &#4840;&#4638;&#4651;&#4621; &#4768;&#4683;&#4637; &#4618;&#4616;&#4813;&#4901; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4733;&#4621; &#4768;&#4725;&#4896;&#4651;&#4896;&#4653;&#4637;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4632;&#4619;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4651;&#4704; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4723;&#4853;&#4878; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4941;&#4921;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4840; &#4621;&#4780;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4648;&#4875;&#4877;&#4901; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; 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&#4901;&#4677;&#4662;&#4733;</h2><blockquote><p>&#171;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4811;&#4755;&#4845;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4720;&#4672;&#4755;&#4675;&#4765; &#4808;&#4872;&#4758;&#4733;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4659;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4720;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938;&#4813; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850; &#4845;&#4707;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4768;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938;&#4813; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4768;&#4653;&#4704;&#4763;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4659;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4654;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4709;&#4725;&#4872;&#4829;&#4941; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4877;&#4827;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4755;&#4725; &#8212; &#4752;&#4941;&#4661; &#4840;&#4620;&#4619;&#4725; &#4707;&#4854; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4619;&#4845; &#4704;&#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661; &#4720;&#4664;&#4941;&#4758; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4675;&#4621;&#4963; &#4704;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4704;&#4651;&#4650; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4704;&#4672;&#4901;&#4723; &#4618;&#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4704;&#4704;&#4878;&#4752;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4843;&#4824; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4819;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4787;&#4963; &#4704;&#4707;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4776;&#4634;&#4843;&#4621;&#4941; &#4824;&#4619;&#4616;&#4637; &#4845;&#4704;&#4621;&#4899;&#4621;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4779;&#4726;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4852;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;&#4963; 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&#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4675;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4704;&#4624;&#4656;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4656;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4704;&#4779;&#4726; &#4925;&#4755;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4840;&#4962; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4878;&#4758;&#4733; &#4704;&#4777;&#4651;&#4725; &#4768;&#4904;&#4704;&#4904;&#4705;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>&#4661;&#4638;&#4733;&#4755; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;</h2><h3>&#4656;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4870;&#4660;&#4941; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4779;&#4726;&#187;&#4757; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4827;&#4810; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938; (1672&#8211;1719) &#8212; &#4840;&#4810;&#4877; &#4947;&#4653;&#4722; &#4768;&#4707;&#4621;&#4963; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4634;&#4754;&#4661;&#4725;&#4653;&#4964; &#4704;47 &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4650;&#4731;&#4653;&#4853; &#4661;&#4722;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4875;&#4653; &#171;&#4824; &#4661;&#4948;&#4781;&#4724;&#4720;&#4653;&#187;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4720;&#4632; &#4883;&#4848;&#4763;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4707;&#4653;&#4720;&#4757; &#4705;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4853;&#4649;&#4650; &#4620;&#4757; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4619;&#4845; &#4779;&#4726;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4907;&#4808;&#4720;&#4813; &#4720;&#4811;&#4755;&#4845; &#8212; &#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4720;&#4811;&#4755;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4634;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4840;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4724;&#4768;&#4725;&#4653; &#4708;&#4725; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4851;&#4650; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4612;&#4757;&#4650; &#4660;&#4757;&#4725; &#4870;&#4757; (&#4710;&#4618;&#4757;&#4877;&#4709;&#4649;&#4781;)</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4726;&#4650; &#4947;&#4653;&#4722; &#4632;&#4650;&#4755; &#4634;&#4754;&#4661;&#4725;&#4653; &#8212; &#4616;&#4720;&#4811;&#4755;&#4841; &#4611;&#4637;&#4659; &#4874;&#4754; &#4840;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4653;&#4621;&#4709;&#4654;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4810;&#4877; &#4947;&#4653;&#4722;&#4813; &#4829;&#4752;&#4763; &#4868;&#4756;&#4651;&#4621; &#8212; &#4661;&#4637; &#4659;&#4845;&#4896;&#4651; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4776;&#4720;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4704;&#4808;&#4899;&#4704;&#4725; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829;&#4757; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4872;&#4827;&#4964; &#4704;&#4925;&#4753; &#4723;&#4635; &#4808;&#4651;&#4669; &#4621;&#4869;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4725;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4620;&#4781;&#4659;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4950;&#4949;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4877;&#4706;&#4843; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; (Prologue) &#4840;&#4923;&#4936; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4633;&#4772;&#4621; &#4875;&#4653;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4829;&#4874;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; (Epilogue) &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4653;&#4776;&#4661; &#4950;&#4653;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#4779;&#4726;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4840;&#4632;&#4704;&#4725; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4653; &#8212; &#4704;46 &#4819;.&#4819;. 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&#4840;&#4843;&#4824; &#4868;&#4756;&#4651;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4950;&#4637;&#4948;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4811;&#4755; &#4720;&#4672;&#4755;&#4675;&#4765; &#8212; &#4704;&#4939;&#4653;&#4659;&#4616;&#4661; &#4720;&#4664;&#4757;&#4942; &#4704;&#4877;&#4709;&#4933; &#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4653;&#4714;&#4618;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4840;&#4773;&#4755;&#4725; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4773;&#4741;&#4725; &#8212; &#4704;&#4660;&#4756;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813; &#4840;&#4941;&#4677;&#4653; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4658;&#4660;&#4654;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4653;&#4704;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4901;&#4704;&#4709;&#4963; &#4704;&#4941;&#4725;&#4629;&#4963; &#4704;&#4925;&#4755;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4621;&#4776;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4678;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4936;&#4619;&#4661;&#4939;&#4755; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4611;&#4754;&#4707;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4757;&#4672;&#4896;&#4672;&#4896; &#4840;&#4779;&#4653;&#4723;&#4878; &#4868;&#4756;&#4651;&#4621; &#8212; &#4720;&#4664;&#4757;&#4942; &#4776;&#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4808;&#4848; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4773;&#4840;&#4664;&#4664; &#4704;&#4632;&#4653;&#4829; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#4779;&#4726; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4821;&#4899; &#4768;&#4621;&#4672;&#4704;&#4621;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4949;&#4619;&#4726;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4940;&#4854;&#187;&#4757; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4936;&#4619;&#4661;&#4939; &#8212; &#4779;&#4726; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4843;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4950;&#4653;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4617;&#4658;&#4843;&#4757; &#4704;&#4661;&#4813;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4853;&#4964; &#171;&#4853;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4707;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4614;&#4755;&#4616;&#4757;&#4962;&#187; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4653;&#4776;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4723;&#4755;&#4669; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4617;&#4658;&#4843;&#4757; &#4704;&#4877;&#4621;&#4925; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4853;&#4964; &#4704;&#4819;&#4632;&#4921; &#4813;&#4874;&#4843; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#4963; &#4776;&#4632;&#4813;&#4848;&#4673; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661;&#4757; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4660;&#4725; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4941;&#4677;&#4655;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4707;&#4727; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725; &#4848;&#4709;&#4675; &#4704;&#4768;&#4661;&#4776;&#4652;&#4757; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4617;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4648;&#4813; &#4768;&#4827;&#4813;&#4757;&#4725; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4653; &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4658;&#4843;&#4704;&#4675; &#4704;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4678;&#4632;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4617;&#4658;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4617;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#4660;&#4725; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4661;&#4821;&#4616;&#4725; &#4840;&#4872;&#4707;&#4733;&#4755; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4675;&#4621; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4660;&#4637;&#4949;&#4654;&#4754;&#4840;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4840;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4660;&#4755;&#4720;&#4653; &#8212; &#4704;&#4865;&#4707; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4808;&#4877;&#4726; &#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4865;&#4707;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4621;&#4817;&#4621; &#8212; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4616;&#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4811;&#4875;&#4964; &#171;&#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4752;&#4941;&#4661; &#4768;&#4616;&#4613;&#187; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4753; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837;&#4755; &#4840;&#4865;&#4707; &#4768;&#4635;&#4779;&#4650; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4811;&#4755; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4653; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763;&#4813; &#4768;&#4941;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4852;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4619;&#4776; &#4632;&#4621;&#4773;&#4781;&#4720;&#4763; &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4808;&#4851;&#4869; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4870;&#4653;&#4869; &#4811;&#4669;&#4757;&#4877;&#4720;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4848;&#4875;&#4877;&#4638; &#4843;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4755; &#4675;&#4619;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708;&#4814;&#4729;&#4755; &#4704;&#4661;&#4757;&#4709;&#4725; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4632;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4708;&#4756;&#4850;&#4781;&#4725; &#4768;&#4653;&#4758;&#4621;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4811;&#4669;&#4757;&#4877;&#4720;&#4757; &#4840;&#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4616;&#4725; &#4782;&#4622;&#4756;&#4621; &#8212; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4776;&#4851;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4756;&#4723;&#4757; &#4612;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779; &#4768;&#4709;&#4846;&#4725; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#4704;&#4656;&#4619;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4845;&#4830; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4672;&#4616; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4675;&#4617; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4776;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#4875;&#4653; &#4845;&#4632;&#4659;&#4656;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4819;&#4845;&#4757; &#4637;&#4661;&#4781;&#4653; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4947;&#4725;&#4650;&#4781; &#4612;&#4757;&#4650;</strong> &#8212; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4638;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779;&#4810; &#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4650; &#8212; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4637;&#4964; &#4827;&#4652; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813; &#4776;42 &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4776;&#4637;&#4661;&#4781;&#4654;&#4733; &#4725;&#4829;&#4723; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4899;&#4896;&#4632; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4870;&#4653;&#4869;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4621;&#4869;&#4752;&#4721; &#4704;&#4768;&#4707;&#4721; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#171;&#4779;&#4726;&#187; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4907;&#4808;&#4720;&#4964; &#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4641;&#4704;&#4725; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4870;&#4757; &#4725;&#4652;&#4757;&#4731;&#4653;&#4853;&#4755; &#4726;&#4635;&#4661; &#4878;&#4653;&#4848;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708;&#4814;&#4733;&#187;&#4757; &#4704;&#4709;&#4821;&#4653; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4923;&#4937; &#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4865;&#4707;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4840;&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4704;&#4629;&#4931;&#4757;&#4752;&#4721; &#4720;&#4635;&#4653;&#4782; &#4704;&#4654;&#4637; &#4768;&#4853;&#4878; &#4840;&#4638;&#4650;&#4723;&#4754;&#4843; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4614;&#4752;&#4964; &#4781;&#4618;&#4846;&#4947;&#4725;&#4651; &#4656;&#4620;&#4756;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4707;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4853;&#4649;&#4650; &#4620;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4704;1713 &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4808;&#4899;&#4704;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4757; &#4724;&#4768;&#4725;&#4653; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669; &#8212; &#4843; &#4629;&#4757;&#4931; &#4704;1791 &#4936;&#4653;&#4663;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757; &#4840;&#4678;&#4632;&#4813; &#4704;1812 &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4720;&#4813; &#4768;&#4651;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4724;&#4768;&#4725;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4704;&#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4757; &#4704;&#4645;&#4651; &#4619;&#4845; &#4779;&#4617; &#4840;&#4724;&#4768;&#4725;&#4653; &#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733; &#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4672;&#4848;&#4632;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4769;&#4722;&#4779; (Utica)</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4656;&#4636;&#4757; &#4768;&#4941;&#4650;&#4779; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4872;&#4765; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#8212; &#4632;&#4619;&#4813; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4779;&#4612;&#4853;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4779;&#4726; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4654;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4661;&#4616; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4672;&#4759; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4781;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4939;&#4653;&#4659;&#4616;&#4661; (Pharsalus)</strong> &#8212; &#4676;&#4659;&#4653; &#4840;&#4779;&#4726;&#4757; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4853;&#4621; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4704;&#4725; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653; &#4636;&#4851;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4723;&#4949;&#4656;&#4661; (Thapsus)</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4779;&#4813;&#4843;&#4753; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4848;&#4632;&#4656;&#4656;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4656;&#4636;&#4757; &#4768;&#4941;&#4650;&#4779; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#8212; &#4840;&#4865;&#4707;&#4755; &#4840;&#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661; &#4768;&#4872;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4827;&#4635;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4753;&#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4840;&#4752;&#4872;&#4645;&#4723;&#4721; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4841;&#4725;&#4652;&#4781;&#4725; (Utrecht)</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4776;&#4632;&#4677;&#4648;&#4705; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4672;&#4755;&#4725; &#4672;&#4848;&#4637; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4721; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4632;&#4707;&#4725; &#4840;&#4756;&#4824;&#4653;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#4661; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4715;&#4618; &#4942;&#4653;&#4869; (Valley Forge)</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4709;&#4846;&#4720;&#4766;&#4729; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4781;&#4648;&#4637;&#4721;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4616;&#4936;&#4704;&#4725; &#4661;&#4941;&#4651; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4637;&#4669;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4768;&#4776;&#4651;&#4779;&#4650; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4710;&#4723;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4925;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4779;&#4726;&#187; (Cato, a Tragedy)</strong> &#8212; &#4704;1713 &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704; &#4840;&#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#8212; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4661;&#4757;&#4765; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4652;&#4661; &#4945;&#4709;&#4618;&#4779; (Res Publica)</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4840;&#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4873;&#4851;&#4845;&#187; &#8212; &#4840;&#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4781; &#4675;&#4621; &#4632;&#4752;&#4667;&#4964; &#4704;&#4840;&#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4648;&#4897; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4678;&#4757;&#4658;&#4622;&#4733;&#4755; &#4660;&#4756;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4810;&#4877; (Whig) &#4773;&#4755; &#4726;&#4650; (Tory)</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4840;&#4720;&#4939;&#4616;&#4633; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4840;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4739;&#4845;&#4622;&#4733; &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4840;&#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4808;&#4656;&#4849;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4726;&#4845;&#4781; (Stoic)</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4720; &#4673;&#4901;&#4901;&#4653; &#4645;&#4653; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4840;&#4768;&#4757;&#4720; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4840;&#4941;&#4621;&#4661;&#4941;&#4755; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#8212; &#4779;&#4726; &#4720;&#4776;&#4723;&#4841; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4752;&#4726;&#4733; (Classical Unities)</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4710;&#4723;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4725; &#8212; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4776;&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4901;&#4709;&#4677; &#4768;&#4781;&#4709;&#4655;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4940;&#4854;&#187; (Phaedo)</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4752;&#4941;&#4661; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4638;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4949;&#4619;&#4726; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#8212; &#4704;&#4896;&#4648;&#4916;&#4827;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4776;&#4656;&#4845;&#4937; &#4878;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4720;&#4813; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4824; &#4661;&#4948;&#4781;&#4724;&#4720;&#4653;&#187; (The Spectator)</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757;&#4755; &#4661;&#4722;&#4621; &#4843;&#4659;&#4720;&#4633;&#4725; &#4821;&#4616;&#4723;&#4810; &#4632;&#4925;&#4628;&#4725; &#8212; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4840;&#4757;&#4707;&#4709;&#4755; &#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4707;&#4613;&#4621;&#4757; &#4840;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4824; &#4779;&#4637;&#4948;&#4845;&#4757;&#187; (The Campaign)</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4850;&#4656;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4659;&#4765; &#4853;&#4621; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813;&#4755; &#4829;&#4755;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4632;&#4899;&#4616;&#4725; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4840;&#4779;&#4726; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708;&#4814;&#4733;&#187; (Cato&#8217;s Letters)</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4709;&#4821;&#4653; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4937; 144 &#4632;&#4899;&#4901;&#4942;&#4733; &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779; &#4677;&#4765; &#4877;&#4827;&#4726;&#4733; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4704;&#4656;&#4938;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4704;&#4705;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4874;&#4754;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4840;&#4808;&#4653;&#4677; &#4632;&#4872;&#4704;&#4843;&#4843; &#4659;&#4757;&#4722;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4706;&#4755;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4637; &#4872;&#4755; &#4661;&#4725;&#4632;&#4640;&#4648;&#4725; &#4660;&#4726;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813; &#4704;&#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4849;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#8212; &#4658;&#4939;&#4781;&#4661; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4899;&#4899;&#4621; &#4840;&#4896;&#4672;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4653;&#4704;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4845;&#4720;&#4648;&#4873;&#4632;&#4811;&#4621;?</strong> &#4720;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938;&#4813; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850;&#4963; &#4768;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938;&#4813; &#4768;&#4653;&#4704;&#4763; &#4845;&#4707;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4658;&#4660;&#4654; &#4768;&#4653;&#4704;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4901;&#4704;&#4709;&#4963; &#4704;&#4941;&#4725;&#4629;&#4963; &#4704;&#4925;&#4755;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4621;&#4776;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4845;&#4673;&#4637; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621; &#8212; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4651;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4878;&#4752;&#4726;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4639;&#4617;&#4616;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813; &#4706;&#4664;&#4752;&#4941; &#4661;&#4633; &#4637;&#4757; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621;? &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721; &#4704;&#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4840;&#4638;&#4651;&#4621; &#4901;&#4651;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4704;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4813;&#4900;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4848;&#4939;&#4653;&#4755; &#4704;&#4878; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752; &#4609;&#4617; &#4654;&#4635;&#4810; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;</strong> &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4720; &#4704;&#4653; &#4845;&#4616;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4677;&#4899;&#4907; &#4709;&#4731; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4720; &#4704;&#4653; &#4725;&#4616;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4865;&#4707; &#4720;&#4672;&#4707;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813; &#4704;&#4872;&#4827; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4721; &#4720;&#4776;&#4709;&#4654; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#171;&#4654;&#4635;&#4810;&#187; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4720;&#4896;&#4653;&#4726; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4757;&#4720; &#4632;&#4848;&#4709; &#4635;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707;&#4725; &#4635;&#4781;&#4704;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4632;&#4656;&#4648;&#4829;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4618;&#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4877; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;?</strong> &#4715;&#4618; &#4942;&#4653;&#4869; &#4619;&#4845; &#4661;&#4616;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813; &#4637;&#4669;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4829;&#4752;&#4763;&#4813; &#4645;&#4821;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813; &#4776;&#4632;&#4726; &#4611;&#4637;&#4659; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4840;&#4877;&#4616;&#4656;&#4709;&#4757; &#4768;&#4683;&#4637; &#4618;&#4616;&#4813;&#4901; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725;&#4755; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4723;&#4853;&#4878; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4841; &#4621;&#4780;&#4726;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849;&#4757; &#4776;&#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4840;&#4813; &#4637;&#4757; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4752;&#4813;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — Josephus: The Jewish War]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4941;&#4619;&#4714;&#4840;&#4661; &#4846;&#4660;&#4937;&#4661;&#4961; &#4840;&#4768;&#4845;&#4609;&#4853; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#171;&#4776;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4850;&#4613; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4840;&#4617;&#4637; &#8212; &#4877;&#4757; &#4616;&#4864;&#4877;&#4757;&#4752;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4773;&#4869;&#4877; &#4843;&#4635;&#4648; &#4632;&#4723;&#4656;&#4706;&#4843; &#4725;&#4720;&#4813; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657;&#4637; &#4840;&#4725;&#4813;&#4621;&#4853; &#4768;&#4872;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/josephus-the-jewish-war</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/josephus-the-jewish-war</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 24 Oct 2026 13:02:39 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/217452866/039de5d49f57dfe41cc03260db11b7f4.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JCqN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ad3094f-c14a-43a4-90f1-f1a6b5d690d3_1456x819.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JCqN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ad3094f-c14a-43a4-90f1-f1a6b5d690d3_1456x819.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JCqN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ad3094f-c14a-43a4-90f1-f1a6b5d690d3_1456x819.jpeg 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JCqN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ad3094f-c14a-43a4-90f1-f1a6b5d690d3_1456x819.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JCqN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ad3094f-c14a-43a4-90f1-f1a6b5d690d3_1456x819.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JCqN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ad3094f-c14a-43a4-90f1-f1a6b5d690d3_1456x819.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JCqN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ad3094f-c14a-43a4-90f1-f1a6b5d690d3_1456x819.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4776;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4677;&#4901;&#4653; &#4813;&#4909; &#4678;&#4638; &#4704;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683; &#4845;&#4910;&#4795;&#4621;&#4962; &#4776;&#4747;&#4619;&#4813; &#4840;&#4654;&#4637; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4720;&#4656;&#4621;&#4943;&#4621;&#4964; &#4776;&#4938;&#4721; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4707;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4720;&#4824;&#4877;&#4723;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4704;&#4813;&#4661;&#4903; &#4768;&#4707;&#4721;&#4755; &#4773;&#4755;&#4721; 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&#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4637;&#4877;&#4709; &#4768;&#4621;&#4678;&#4704;&#4725; &#4848;&#4875;&#4877;&#4638; &#4757;&#4678; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4811;&#4661;&#4725;&#4755; &#4675;&#4621; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4964; &#4720;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4752;&#4909; &#4672;&#4634;&#4661;&#4755; &#4624;&#4637;&#4651;&#4810; &#4779;&#4707;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4637;&#4822;&#4757; &#4704;&#4653; &#4874;&#4846;&#4651; &#4776;&#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4845; &#4896;&#4651;&#4706;&#4814;&#4733; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4678;&#4941;&#4654; &#4616;&#4635;&#4637;&#4616;&#4901; &#4638;&#4781;&#4654; &#4661;&#4757;&#4673; &#4768;&#4616;&#4672;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4672;&#4634;&#4661;&#4755; &#4779;&#4707; &#4616;&#4709;&#4662; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4677;&#4848;&#4657; &#4704;&#4678;&#4632;&#4704;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723; &#4776;&#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4808;&#4899;&#4963; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4963; &#4720;&#4652;&#4757;&#4722;&#4840;&#4661; &#4649;&#4937;&#4661;&#4637; &#4768;&#4656;&#4648;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4853;&#4621; &#4656;&#4621;&#4937;</strong> &#8212; &#4716;&#4661;&#4947;&#4658;&#4843;&#4757;&#4755; &#4722;&#4726;&#4661; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4619;&#4845; &#4656;&#4621;&#4941; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4873;&#4964; &#4776;&#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4677;&#4848;&#4657; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4849; &#4821;&#4675;&#4814;&#4733; &#4720;&#4664;&#4781;&#4632;&#4813; &#4808;&#4897; &#8212; &#4632;&#4677;&#4648;&#4825;&#4963; &#4896;&#4648;&#4916;&#4827;&#4813;&#4963; &#4840;&#4629;&#4873; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4768;&#4616;&#4678;&#4729; &#4821;&#4899;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4637;&#4822;&#4757; &#4704;&#4653; &#4874;&#4846;&#4651; &#4704;&#4656;&#4621;&#4937; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4656;&#4621;&#4937; &#4658;&#4843;&#4704;&#4675;&#4637; &#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4964; &#4846;&#4624;&#4757;&#4661; &#4877;&#4757; &#4821;&#4853;&#4636; &#4621;&#4777;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4661;&#4653; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4758;&#4653; &#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4768;&#4651;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851;&#4966; &#4819;&#4616;&#4721;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4659;&#4851;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4633;&#4725; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4709; &#4851;&#4653; &#4907;&#4937; &#4896;&#4941;&#4899;&#4939;&#4963; &#4878;&#4758;&#4729; &#4704;&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4768;&#4677;&#4899;&#4907; &#4872;&#4848;&#4621; &#4840;&#4614;&#4753; &#4819;&#4616;&#4725;&#4964; &#4612;&#4654;&#4853;&#4661; &#4704;&#4619;&#4841; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4963; &#4840;&#4813;&#4739; &#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4854;&#4733;&#4755; &#4709;&#4825; &#4661;&#4757;&#4677; &#4843;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4632;&#4875;&#4824;&#4757; &#4725;&#4726; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4656;&#4936;&#4653;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4677;&#4901;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4872;&#4837;&#4813; &#4941;&#4619;&#4714;&#4840;&#4661; &#4658;&#4621;&#4715; &#4813;&#4739; &#4773;&#4843;&#4883;&#4883;&#4824; &#4808;&#4653;&#4854; &#4704;&#4819;&#4616;&#4721; &#4825;&#4650;&#4843; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4656;&#4936;&#4653; &#4640;&#4651;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4656;&#4936;&#4654;&#4729;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4872;&#4755;&#4765;&#4755; &#4819;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4776;&#4704;&#4704; &#4877;&#4757;&#4709; &#4640;&#4651;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4848;&#4616;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813; &#4720;&#4851;&#4939;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4709; &#4704;&#4777;&#4621; &#4776;&#4704;&#4648;&#4611;&#4813; &#4808;&#4616;&#4621; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4819;&#4616;&#4721; &#4907;&#4941; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4899; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4704;&#4768;&#4936;&#4653;&#4755; &#4704;&#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4845; &#4872;&#4752;&#4707;&#4964; &#4704;&#4619;&#4841; &#4635;&#4635; &#4872;&#4941;&#4726; &#4768;&#4808;&#4899;&#4963; &#4704;&#4635;&#4635;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4709;&#4648;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4704;&#4896; &#4848;&#4875;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4704;&#4705;&#4725; &#4776;&#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4704;&#4777;&#4621; &#4776;&#4773;&#4757;&#4904;&#4725;&#4755; &#4776;&#4768;&#4936;&#4653; &#4768;&#4850;&#4661; &#4877;&#4757;&#4709; &#4640;&#4653;&#4720;&#4813; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4848;&#4875;&#4753; &#4658;&#4632;&#4723;&#4813; &#4768;&#4936;&#4649; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4619;&#4619; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4656;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4752;&#4939;&#4657; &#4768;&#4677;&#4899;&#4907; &#4658;&#4672;&#4845;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4658;&#4621;&#4715; &#4773;&#4757;&#4904;&#4721; &#4619;&#4845; &#4773;&#4659;&#4725; &#4768;&#4758;&#4648;&#4964; &#4752;&#4939;&#4657; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4773;&#4659;&#4721;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4813;&#4963; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4768;&#4677;&#4899;&#4907; &#4672;&#4840;&#4648;&#4963; &#4877;&#4757;&#4705;&#4637; &#4720;&#4675;&#4896;&#4616;&#4964; &#4658;&#4621;&#4715; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4654;&#4729;&#4757; &#4656;&#4709;&#4661;&#4710; &#4901;&#4811;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4872;&#4707;&#4616;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4772;&#4620;&#4768;&#4827;&#4653; &#4704;&#4653; &#4843;&#4770;&#4653; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729;&#4757; &#4656;&#4709;&#4661;&#4710; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4964; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4633; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4901;&#4811;&#4725; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4707;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4752;&#4923; &#4614;&#4752;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4633;&#4725;&#4964; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4633;&#4637;&#4963; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4872;&#4755; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4963; &#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4633;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4720;&#4776;&#4723;&#4723;&#4841; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4705; &#4612;&#4848;&#4964; &#4757;&#4709;&#4648;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4656;&#4709;&#4661;&#4704;&#4813; &#4768;&#4675;&#4896;&#4617;&#4963; &#4661;&#4757;&#4673;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4777;&#4725;&#4637;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4768;&#4645;&#4653; &#4656;&#4813; &#4720;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4963; &#4768;&#4645;&#4649; &#4840;&#4672;&#4649;&#4725;&#4757; &#4872;&#4848;&#4617;&#4963; &#4776;&#4768;&#4645;&#4649;&#4637; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4704;&#4821;&#4899; &#4720;&#4632;&#4653;&#4902; &#4824;&#4896;&#4761;&#4757; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4963; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4705; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4765;&#4726; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4673;&#4901;&#4649;</strong> &#8212; &#4846;&#4660;&#4937;&#4661; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4661;&#4853;&#4659; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4656;&#4896;&#4755;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4905;&#4792;&#4725; &#4843;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725; &#4901;&#4811;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4658;&#4872;&#4705; &#4905;&#4792;&#4725; &#4896;&#4704;&#4673;&#4964; &#4905;&#4792;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4964; &#4773;&#4659;&#4725; &#4845;&#4752;&#4853; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4896;&#4649;&#4963; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4813;&#4739; &#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4853; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4849; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733;&#4755; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4621;&#4870;&#4733; &#4720;&#4848;&#4709;&#4672;&#4813; &#4752;&#4704;&#4649;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4855; &#4840;&#4772;&#4620;&#4768;&#4827;&#4653; &#4824;&#4632;&#4853; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733;&#4964; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4654;&#4729; &#4704;&#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757;&#4755; &#4840;&#4720;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813;&#4757; &#4776;&#4773;&#4752;&#4653;&#4657; &#4656;&#4633;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4840;&#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4678;&#4637;&#4704;&#4725; &#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;?</strong> &#8212; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4776;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4722;&#4726;&#4661; &#4848;&#4875;&#4877;&#4638; &#4621;&#4782; &#4896;&#4845;&#4683;&#4621;&#4963; &#4632;&#4621;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4609;&#4621; &#4874;&#4828; &#4773;&#4637;&#4706; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4659;&#4637;&#4635;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4708;&#4725; &#4630;&#4654;&#4757; &#4672;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4661;&#4629;&#4720;&#4721; &#4840;&#4723;&#4808;&#4672;&#4813; &#4776;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4617; &#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4656;&#4813; &#4621;&#4705; &#4840;&#4848;&#4776;&#4632; &#4720;&#4707;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4776;&#4635;&#4757; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4811;&#4875;?</strong> &#8212; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4609;&#4851;&#4810; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4773;&#4653;&#4661; &#4704;&#4653;&#4661; &#4720;&#4811;&#4877;&#4727;&#4621;&#4963; &#4618;&#4672; &#4779;&#4613;&#4755;&#4721; &#4704;&#4768;&#4845;&#4609;&#4854;&#4733; &#4773;&#4869; &#4720;&#4872;&#4853;&#4623;&#4621;&#4963; &#4773;&#4613;&#4617;&#4637; &#4704;&#4768;&#4845;&#4609;&#4853; &#4773;&#4659;&#4725; &#4720;&#4675;&#4901;&#4623;&#4621; &#8212; &#4614;&#4758;&#4637; &#4616;&#4654;&#4637; &#4773;&#4840;&#4923;&#4936; &#4843;&#4616; &#4656;&#4813; &#4901;&#4939;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4619;&#4845; &#4635;&#4659;&#4704;&#4709; &#4845;&#4896;&#4677;&#4632;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4618;&#4614;&#4753; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4733;&#4617; &#4723;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4899;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4677;&#4848;&#4657;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4768;&#4675;&#4896;&#4616;&#4813;?</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4846;&#4660;&#4937;&#4661; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4877;&#4621;&#4925; &#4752;&#4813;&#4966; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4720;&#4752;&#4659;&#4669;&#4752;&#4725;&#4963; &#4776;&#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829; &#4813;&#4909; &#4614;&#4758;&#4964; &#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4840;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725; &#4925;&#4625;&#4942;&#4733; &#4877;&#4757; &#4722;&#4726;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4936;&#4653;&#4661; &#4808;&#4661;&#4759;&#4621; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;&#4964; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4824;&#4872;&#4707; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4635;&#4637;&#4899;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4635;&#4725;&#4733;&#4621; &#4725;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4819;&#4616;&#4721; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4656;&#4635;&#4813;?</strong> &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733;&#4755; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4621;&#4870;&#4733;&#4964; &#4773;&#4752;&#4653;&#4657; &#4616;&#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4649;&#4963; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4649; &#4616;&#4768;&#4827;&#4833;&#4963; &#4768;&#4827;&#4833; &#4808;&#4848; &#4654;&#4637;&#4963; &#4846;&#4660;&#4937;&#4661;&#4637; &#4704;&#4654;&#4637; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#8212; &#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4632;&#4848;&#4648;&#4873;&#4757; &#4723;&#4637;&#4755;&#4616;&#4733;&#4963; &#4675;&#4619;&#4721;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4723;&#4637;&#4757;&#4637;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4872;&#4925; &#4616;&#4678;&#4765; &#4768;&#4621;&#4612;&#4848;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4864;&#4637;&#4648;&#4813; &#4776;&#4677;&#4901;&#4649; &#4813;&#4909; &#4779;&#4616;&#4813; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4872;&#4925; &#4840;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;&#4813; &#4846;&#4660;&#4937;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4619;&#4661;&#4872;&#4848;&#4848;&#4813;&#4637; &#8212; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4878; &#4632;&#4659;&#4621;&#4637; &#4614;&#4752; &#4872;&#4921;&#4757; &#4632;&#4720;&#4813; &#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4910;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4829;&#4637; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725;&#4963; &#4632;&#4910;&#4797;&#4963; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4808;&#4848; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4872;&#4709;&#4726; &#4776;&#4808;&#4872;&#4758;&#4729; &#4875;&#4653; &#4632;&#4638;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4811;&#4875;&#4813;&#4757; &#4776;&#4941;&#4622; &#4821;&#4675;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4619;&#4872;&#4760;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4910;&#4797;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4964; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4768;&#4621;&#4656;&#4635;&#4733;&#4637; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4905;&#4792;&#4721; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4619;&#4851;&#4752;&#4637;&#4964; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4776;&#4851;&#4720;&#4763; &#4720;&#4707;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4649; &#4661;&#4616; &#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4725;&#4808;&#4853;&#4675;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4649; &#4661;&#4616; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4904;&#4779;&#4765; &#4768;&#4752;&#4875;&#4872;&#4653; &#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4656;&#4845;&#4632;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4849; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4620;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;?</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637; &#4709;&#4619; &#4768;&#4723;&#4637;&#4757;&#4637;&#4966; &#4821;&#4899; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4899;&#4621; &#4843;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4848;&#4757;&#4705;&#4757;&#4637; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4768;&#4808;&#4899;&#4963; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813;&#4637; &#4821;&#4899; &#4704;&#4773;&#4865; &#4872;&#4707;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4901;&#4653;&#4899;&#4652;&#4813;&#4757; &#4651;&#4657; &#4896;&#4704;&#4672;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4821;&#4853;&#4621; &#4618;&#4614;&#4757; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621; &#4658;&#4621; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; 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&#4819;&#4616;&#4725;&#4964; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4708;&#4725;&#4830;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4846;&#4653;&#4851;&#4758;&#4661; &#4635;&#4854; &#4843;&#4616;&#4733; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653;&#4964; &#4661;&#4639; &#171;&#4840;&#4610;&#4662;&#4917; &#4708;&#4725;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4925;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4768;&#4845;&#4609;&#4853; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781;</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941;&#4964; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4653;&#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4936;&#4650;&#4659;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4629;&#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4896;&#4753;&#4963; &#4840;&#4768;&#4707;&#4726;&#4733;&#4757; &#4808;&#4877; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4704;&#4617;&#4755; &#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4845;&#4752;&#4659;&#4617; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4637;&#4753;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4849;&#4675;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4704;&#4617; &#4840;&#4779;&#4613;&#4755;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4608;&#4709;&#4723;&#4638;&#4733; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4772;&#4660;&#4755;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4808;&#4901;&#4720;&#4813; &#4704;&#4741;&#4709;&#4648;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4649;&#4964; &#4757;&#4709;&#4648;&#4725; &#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4875;&#4651; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4720;&#4763; &#4941;&#4621;&#4661;&#4941;&#4755;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4773;&#4877;&#4826;&#4768;&#4709;&#4628;&#4653; &#4704;&#4672;&#4653; &#4876;&#4723; &#4618;&#4758;&#4653; &#4768;&#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4637;&#4613;&#4654; &#8212; &#4672;&#4648;&#4901;&#4757; &#4739;&#4898;&#4768;&#4725;&#4963; &#4632;&#4872;&#4827;&#4725;&#4757;&#4637; &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4725; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4848;&#4704;&#4672;&#4733;&#4813; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4704;&#4819;&#4621; &#4672;&#4757; &#4704;&#4621;&#4709;&#4661; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4872;&#4707; &#4768;&#4909;&#4653; &#4896;&#4635;&#4635; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#8212; &#4808;&#4872;&#4753; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4776;&#4773;&#4653;&#4663; &#4808;&#4656;&#4848;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4618;&#4672; &#4779;&#4613;&#4755;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4845;&#4609;&#4853; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; 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&#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4635;&#4845;&#4781;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4808;&#4848; &#4637;&#4645;&#4651;&#4677; &#4840;&#4720;&#4619;&#4776;&#4704;&#4725; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683; &#8212; &#4843; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4896;&#4941;&#4727;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4776;&#4704;&#4707; &#4720;&#4851;&#4939;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4704;&#4648;&#4611;&#4813; &#4808;&#4616;&#4621; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4819;&#4616;&#4721; &#4907;&#4941; &#4704;&#4768;&#4936;&#4653;&#4755; &#4704;&#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4752;&#4707; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#8212; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4899;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4648;&#4877;&#4896;&#4813;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4677;&#4901;&#4649; &#4645;&#4653;&#4962;</strong> &#4829;&#4637; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725;&#4963; &#4632;&#4910;&#4797; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4872;&#4709;&#4726; &#4632;&#4638;&#4725; &#8212; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811;&#4757; &#4768;&#4843;&#4853;&#4759;&#4725;&#4637;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4649; &#4661;&#4616; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4904;&#4779;&#4765; &#4768;&#4752;&#4875;&#4872;&#4653; &#4845;&#4616;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962; &#4661;&#4637; &#4709;&#4731; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4779; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4752;&#4813;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4821;&#4899;&#4813;&#4755; &#4848;&#4757;&#4705;&#4962;</strong> &#4848;&#4757;&#4705;&#4757; &#4843;&#4808;&#4899;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4821;&#4899; &#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4872;&#4760;&#4721; &#4661;&#4620;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4821;&#4853;&#4621;? &#4901;&#4653;&#4899;&#4652;&#4813;&#4757; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4632;&#4923;&#4937; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4656;&#4656; &#4656;&#4813; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4781;&#4657;&#4757; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725; &#4840;&#4632;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4633;&#4776;&#4651;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4840;&#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;?</strong> &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4840;&#4875;&#4637;&#4619; &#4773;&#4741;&#4725;&#4635;&#4635;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4704;&#4673;&#4725; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4709;&#4731; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752; &#4840;&#4720;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938;&#4814;&#4729; &#4752;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4813; &#4708;&#4721;&#4757;&#4963; &#4848;&#4632;&#4808;&#4825;&#4757;&#4755; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4776;&#4768;&#4901;&#4938;&#4814;&#4729; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616; &#4723;&#4661;&#4723;&#4813;&#4659;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813;&#4755; &#4661;&#4616; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4658;&#4616;&#4843;&#4841; &#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4725;&#4752;&#4721; &#4840;&#4721; &#4619;&#4845; &#4845;&#4808;&#4853;&#4675;&#4621;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — George Orwell: Animal Farm]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4870;&#4653;&#4869; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621;&#4961; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4659;&#4725; &#4773;&#4653;&#4667; &#171;&#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4779;&#4616;&#4813;&#4963; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4632;&#4661;&#4635;&#4725; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4936;&#4621;&#4873;&#4725;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4653; &#4632;&#4709;&#4725; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/george-orwell-animal-farm</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/george-orwell-animal-farm</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2026 22:51:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/217451284/c93e0de0402ce2b860b373873a39af02.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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&#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4768;&#4808;&#4899;&#4813;&#4966; &#171;&#4773;&#4755;&#4757;&#4720; &#4840;&#4704;&#4723;&#4733; &#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4659;&#4725; &#4779;&#4623;&#4733;&#4609;&#4963; &#4773;&#4763; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4840;&#4704;&#4723;&#4733; &#4632;&#4848;&#4710;&#4733; &#4768;&#4617;&#4757;!&#187; &#4896;&#4648;&#4916;&#4827;&#4813; &#4704;&#4659;&#4677; &#4720;&#4755;&#4808;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4648;&#4825;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4755;&#4950;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4726; &#4808;&#4652;&#4766;&#4733; &#4768;&#4709;&#4846;&#4720;&#4766;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813;&#4755;&#4621;&#4964; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4773;&#4653;&#4661; &#4704;&#4653;&#4661; &#171;&#4883;&#4853;&#187; &#4632;&#4707;&#4707;&#4621; &#4720;&#4656;&#4653;&#4831;&#4621;&#4962; &#4773;&#4609;&#4853; &#4896;&#4811;&#4725; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4768;&#4659;&#4635; &#4840;&#4651;&#4661; &#4677;&#4621; &#4938;&#4725; &#4632;&#4656;&#4616;&#4941; &#4720;&#4656;&#4653;&#4831;&#4621;&#4964; &#4840;&#4651;&#4661; &#4677;&#4617;&#4637; &#4720;&#4672;&#4709;&#4655;&#4621;&#4962; &#4704;&#4707;&#4757;&#4850;&#4651;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4656;&#4782;&#4755;&#4755; &#4840;&#4672;&#4757;&#4853; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4727;&#4621;&#4964; &#4776;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4850;&#4613; &#4720;&#4651; &#4768;&#4648;&#4757;&#4883;&#4852; &#4707;&#4757;&#4850;&#4651; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4633;&#4637; &#4720;&#4656;&#4653;&#4831;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4634;&#4661;&#4720;&#4653; &#4946;&#4621;&#4778;&#4757;&#4877;&#4720;&#4757; &#4704;&#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#171;&#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4659;&#4725; &#4773;&#4653;&#4667;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4896;&#4653;&#4727;&#4621;&#4964; &#4843; &#4661;&#4637; &#4720;&#4656;&#4653;&#4831;&#4621; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4776;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4850;&#4613; &#4773;&#4653;&#4667;&#4811; &#171;&#4635;&#4758;&#4653; &#4939;&#4653;&#4637;&#187; &#4725;&#4707;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4616;&#4763;&#4813;&#4755; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4661;&#4639; &#4752;&#4813; &#4768;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4659;&#4721; &#4611;&#4843; &#4875;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4787; &#4659;&#4845;&#4612;&#4849; &#4776;&#4708;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4905;&#4792;&#4725; &#4720;&#4656;&#4635;&#4962; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4656;&#4813; &#4654;&#4897;&#4962; &#4896;&#4709; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4727;&#4621;&#4964; &#4896;&#4648;&#4916;&#4827; &#4632;&#4848;&#4709;&#4848;&#4709; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4840;&#4901;&#4653;&#4899;&#4652; &#4819;&#4845;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4721; &#4845;&#4613; &#4752;&#4813;&#4966; &#4755;&#4950;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757;&#4755; &#4634;&#4661;&#4720;&#4653; &#4946;&#4621;&#4778;&#4757;&#4877;&#4720;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4901;&#4673;&#4653; &#4768;&#4661; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4768;&#4813;&#4901;&#4720;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4872;&#4925;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4853;&#4637;&#4934;&#4733; &#4704;&#4757;&#4852;&#4725; &#4845;&#4910;&#4795;&#4617;&#4964; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4776;&#4813;&#4909; &#4840;&#4678;&#4633;&#4725; &#4941;&#4897;&#4651;&#4757; &#4776;&#4768;&#4659;&#4635; &#4808;&#4848; &#4656;&#4813;&#4963; &#4776;&#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4659;&#4635;&#4963; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4872;&#4755; &#4776;&#4768;&#4659;&#4635; &#4808;&#4848; &#4656;&#4813; &#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4776;&#4721;&#4962; &#4840;&#4725;&#4763;&#4813; &#4840;&#4725;&#4763;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4632;&#4616;&#4840;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4617;&#4637;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4635;&#4757; &#4840;&#4725; &#4848;&#4648;&#4656;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4636;&#4864;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4638;&#4720;&#4962; &#4840;&#4651;&#4661; &#4677;&#4617; &#4616;&#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4877;&#4757;&#4853; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4656;&#4781;&#4726; &#4658;&#4776;&#4704;&#4653; &#4678;&#4840;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4870;&#4757;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4840;&#4768;&#4872;&#4650;&#4721; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4704;&#4656;&#4779;&#4651;&#4638;&#4733; &#4635;&#4648;&#4938;&#4843; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4758;&#4813;&#4710;&#4621;&#4963; &#4638;&#4618;&#4963; &#4633;&#4660;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4758;&#4813;&#4710;&#4621; &#4720;&#4707;&#4653;&#4654; &#4896;&#4939;&#4964; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4704;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4723;&#4808;&#4672;&#4637;&#4962; &#4638;&#4618; &#4704;&#4875;&#4650; &#4723;&#4661;&#4651; &#4723;&#4840;&#4733;&#4962; &#4633;&#4660; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4632;&#4899;&#4964; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757;&#4637; &#4661;&#4616; &#4661;&#4787;&#4653; &#4720;&#4651;&#4651; &#4843;&#4808;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4768;&#4659;&#4638;&#4729; &#4704;&#4672;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4709;&#4653;&#4909;&#4678; &#4706;&#4651; &#4845;&#4656;&#4897;&#4723;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4810;&#4637;&#4944;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4875;&#4650; &#4872;&#4827;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4777;&#4810;&#4616;&#4653;&#4755; &#4755;&#4950;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4777;&#4810;&#4616;&#4653; &#4848;&#4616;&#4704;&#4962; &#4755;&#4950;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4653;&#4667; &#4708;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4709;&#4757;&#4843;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4672;&#4853;&#4638;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4776;&#4710;&#4781;&#4656;&#4653; &#4638;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4829;&#4637;&#4720;&#4763; &#4614;&#4759;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4622;&#4712;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4768;&#4653;&#4869;&#4723;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4776;&#4897;&#4648;&#4723; &#4821;&#4853;&#4636;&#4811; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4943;&#4723;&#4621;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4704;&#4897;&#4648;&#4723; &#4768;&#4621;&#4808;&#4899;&#4637;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4897;&#4648;&#4720;&#4766;&#4733; &#4632;&#4656;&#4635;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813; &#4808;&#4652; &#4776;&#4648;&#4837;&#4637; &#4874;&#4828; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4672;&#4653;&#4727;&#4621;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4840;&#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ol><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4732; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4704;&#4619;&#4664;&#4813;?</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4825; &#4768;&#4757;&#4707;&#4706; &#171;&#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725;&#187; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#171;&#4813;&#4670;&#4729; &#4661;&#4758;&#4813;&#4710;&#4621;&#4757; &#4658;&#4843;&#4707;&#4653;&#4649;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4632;&#4621;&#4659;&#4621;&#4962; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4616;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4851;&#4865; &#4704;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4619;&#4845; &#4620;&#4619; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4656;&#4901;&#4727;&#4621;&#4966; &#4840;&#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4632;&#4723;&#4896;&#4938;&#4843; &#4752;&#4901;&#4709; &#4768;&#4659;&#4638;&#4729; &#4808;&#4720;&#4721;&#4757;&#4755; &#4950;&#4633;&#4757; &#4616;&#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4658;&#4843;&#4661;&#4672;&#4649; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4843; &#4704;&#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4872;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4813;&#4667; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4637;&#4964; &#4872;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648;&#4637;&#4962; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621; &#4845;&#4613; &#4752;&#4901;&#4709; &#4704;&#4704;&#4674; &#4609;&#4756;&#4723; &#4768;&#4621;&#4723;&#4840;&#4765;&#4637; &#4709;&#4622; &#4661;&#4619;&#4656;&#4704; &#4616;&#4652;&#4850;&#4846; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4658;&#4843;&#4824;&#4875;&#4869; &#4781;&#4622;&#4712;&#4653;&#4963; &#4638;&#4618;&#4963; &#4633;&#4650;&#4772;&#4621;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4619;&#4637; &#4661;&#4616; &#4950;&#4633; &#4840;&#4634;&#4896;&#4845;&#4673;&#4704;&#4725; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4768;&#4909;&#4653; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4904;&#4632;&#4648;&#4962; &#4840;&#4652;&#4850;&#4846;&#4813; &#4768;&#4824;&#4875;&#4869; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4678;&#4648;&#4896;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4709;&#4757;&#4843;&#4637; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4829;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;?</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4635;&#4757;&#4763;&#4813;&#4637; &#4768;&#4659;&#4635; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4635;&#4757;&#4704;&#4709; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851;&#4813; &#4704;&#4720;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653; &#4635;&#4757;&#4704;&#4709; &#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4781;&#4622;&#4712;&#4653; &#4661;&#4725;&#4896;&#4845;&#4672;&#4813; &#171;&#4768;&#4621;&#4872;&#4707;&#4637;&#187; &#4709;&#4623;&#4621;&#4962; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4651;&#4657; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4768;&#4616;&#4966; &#4648;&#4611;&#4709;&#4963; &#4733;&#4877;&#4653;&#4755; &#4709;&#4661;&#4909;&#4725; &#4840;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4616;&#4808;&#4897; &#4629;&#4878;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4632;&#4621;&#4663; &#4877;&#4635;&#4669; &#4709;&#4731; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4725;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4709;&#4757;&#4843;&#4637; &#4661;&#4616; &#4715;&#4753; &#4658;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757; &#4654;&#4896;&#4963; &#4910;&#4792;&#4963; &#4768;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4962; &#4829;&#4637;&#4723;&#4813; &#4941;&#4921;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4964; &#4824;&#4877;&#4845;&#4726; &#4720;&#4656;&#4704;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725; &#4773;&#4653;&#4677; &#4752;&#4813;?</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4709;&#4827;&#4763;&#4813; &#4768;&#4757;&#4707;&#4706; &#4768;&#4659;&#4638;&#4729;&#4755; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4614;&#4753; &#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4824;&#4875;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4675;&#4813;&#4638;&#4723;&#4621; &#8212; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4877;&#4609;&#4725; &#4905;&#4792;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4877;&#4707;&#4707;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4709;&#4623;&#4621;&#4962; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867;&#4813; &#4704;&#4872;&#4921; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4616;&#4966; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4721; &#4704;&#4709;&#4653;&#4909;&#4678; &#4768;&#4619;&#4704;&#4675;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4896;&#4709; &#4768;&#4704;&#4675;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4768;&#4909;&#4704;&#4653;&#4709;&#4648;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4720;&#4843;&#4825;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4776;&#4781;&#4622;&#4712;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4659;&#4733;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4845;&#4675;&#4808;&#4635;&#4621;&#4966; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4659;&#4829;&#4753; &#4768;&#4617; &#8212; &#4710;&#4781;&#4656;&#4653; &#4768;&#4616;&#4963; &#4824;&#4896;&#4761; &#4854;&#4654;&#4814;&#4733; &#4768;&#4617;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4710;&#4781;&#4656;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4648;&#4851;&#4637;&#4962; &#4854;&#4654;&#4814;&#4729; &#4720;&#4752;&#4657;&#4962; &#4781;&#4622;&#4712;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4648;&#4853;&#4723;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4659;&#4733;&#4637;&#4962; &#4619;&#4616;&#4632;&#4752;&#4659;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4616;&#4763; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4661;&#4636;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621; &#4840;&#4781;&#4622;&#4712;&#4653;&#4757; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4925;&#4942; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4845;&#4904;&#4637;&#4651;&#4621;&#4966; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4616;&#4632;&#4877;&#4616;&#4925; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4757; &#4675;&#4621; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4725;&#4637;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4725;&#4616;&#4843;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4720;&#4656;&#4637;&#4727;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4768;&#4621;&#4723;&#4656;&#4704;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4808;&#4901;&#4632;&#4849;&#4757; &#4704;&#4826;&#4613; &#4632;&#4621;&#4781; &#4723;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4896;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; &#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4752;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4725;&#4899;&#4617;&#4964; &#4843;&#4656;&#4709;&#4752;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4725;&#4653;&#4657;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4616;&#4763; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4733; &#4773;&#4653;&#4667; &#4619;&#4845; &#4877;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828; &#4632;&#4843;&#4829; &#4768;&#4845;&#4731;&#4621;&#4637;&#4962; &#4755;&#4950;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757;&#4757; &#4709;&#4725;&#4675;&#4808;&#4634; &#4773;&#4653;&#4667;&#4811; &#4725;&#4936;&#4653;&#4659;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; 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&#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4659;&#4725; &#4773;&#4777;&#4621; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4853; &#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4659;&#4725; &#4776;&#4620;&#4622;&#4729; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4773;&#4777;&#4621; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4813;&#4661;&#4899;&#4810; &#4661;&#4636;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4845;&#4824;&#4792;&#4813; &#4768;&#4725;&#4612;&#4853;&#4637;&#4962; &#4704;&#4661;&#4709;&#4656;&#4707; &#4768;&#4848;&#4707;&#4707;&#4845; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4723;&#4672;&#4653;&#4704;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4661;&#4636;&#4725; &#4840;&#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4677;&#4652;&#4723;&#4755; &#4624;&#4824;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4614;&#4758; &#4845;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4733;&#4877;&#4649; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4845;&#4704;&#4621;&#4901; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4614;&#4752; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653;&#4963; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4768;&#4848;&#4872;&#4763; &#4840;&#4635;&#4936;&#4763; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843; &#4632;&#4614;&#4753; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4733; &#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4753; &#4704;&#4773;&#4865; &#8212; &#4704;&#4656;&#4782;&#4755;&#4813; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4872;&#4834;&#4813; &#4672;&#4755; &#4709;&#4622; &#4936;&#4675;&#4853; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851;&#4813; &#4840;&#4629;&#4877; &#4656;&#4752;&#4853; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4877;&#4757; &#4656;&#4752;&#4853; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4616;&#4634;&#4843;&#4752;&#4704;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4616;&#4672;&#4650;&#4813; &#4616;&#4635;&#4843;&#4752;&#4704;&#4813; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4877;&#4757; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851;&#4813; &#4720;&#4651; &#4808;&#4652; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>&#4661;&#4638;&#4733;&#4755; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;</h2><h3>&#4656;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4772;&#4650;&#4781; &#4768;&#4653;&#4720;&#4653; &#4709;&#4620;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4704;&#4629;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4964; &#4704;&#4770;&#4726;&#4757; &#4704;&#4752;&#4923; &#4840;&#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; &#4821;&#4853;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648;&#4964; &#4704;&#4704;&#4653;&#4635; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4757;&#4873;&#4640; &#4752;&#4872;&#4645;&#4723;&#4810; &#4950;&#4618;&#4661; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4872;&#4616;&#4872;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4870;&#4653;&#4869; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4651;&#4657; &#4776;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4840;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637; &#8212; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621; &#4704;&#4657;&#4942;&#4621;&#4781; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4661; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829; &#4661;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4870;&#4653;&#4869; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4776;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829;&#4763; &#4661;&#4638;&#4733; &#4609;&#4617; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4827;&#4810; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4661;&#4616;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4653;&#4621; &#4635;&#4653;&#4781;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4824;&#4896;&#4752;&#4763;&#4813; &#4781;&#4941;&#4616; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4619;&#4672; &#4720;&#4925;&#4821;&#4758; &#4843;&#4659;&#4848;&#4648; &#8212; &#4624;&#4659;&#4705; &#4672;&#4661; &#4704;&#4672;&#4661; &#4840;&#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4725; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4843;&#4824;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4620;&#4754;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4709;&#4846;&#4721; &#4632;&#4650; &#8212; &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4611;&#4843; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4658;&#4638;&#4725; &#4840;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4725;&#4877;&#4621; &#4720;&#4672;&#4656;&#4672;&#4656;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4870;&#4660;&#4941; &#4661;&#4723;&#4618;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4654;&#4725;&#4661;&#4778;&#4757; &#4768;&#4875;&#4830; &#4779;&#4872;&#4653; &#4768;&#4707;&#4654; &#4941;&#4921;&#4637; &#4872;&#4834; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4964; &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4723;&#4619;&#4673;&#4757; &#4840;&#4768;&#4653;&#4704;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4664;&#4757;&#4942; &#4840;&#4808;&#4899;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4725;&#4654;&#4725;&#4661;&#4778;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4616;&#4763;&#4813; &#4773;&#4661;&#4843; &#4720;&#4875;&#4830; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4776;&#4768;&#4872;&#4653; &#4720;&#4707;&#4654; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4636;&#4781;&#4658;&#4782; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616; &#8212; &#4661;&#4633; &#4776;&#4632;&#4827;&#4877;&#4709;&#4725;&#4755; &#4776;&#4645;&#4653;&#4909;&#4726;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4648;&#4824;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4853;&#4811;&#4845;&#4725; &#4635;&#4781;&#4854;&#4755;&#4621;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779;&#4810; &#4840;&#4632;&#4925;&#4628;&#4725; &#4768;&#4824;&#4875;&#4869;&#4964; &#4840;&#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4840;&#4632;&#4723;&#4896;&#4938;&#4843; &#4752;&#4901;&#4709; &#4808;&#4720;&#4721;&#4755; &#4950;&#4633; &#4632;&#4614;&#4753;&#4757; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4616;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813; &#8212; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4704;&#4850;&#4660;&#4637;&#4704;&#4653; 1946 &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4946;&#4720;&#4653; &#4661;&#4638;&#4620;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4648;&#4867; &#4634;&#4754;&#4661;&#4724;&#4653; &#4840;&#4649;&#4658;&#4843;&#4757; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4840;&#4632;&#4651;&#4964; &#4704;&#4774;&#4661;&#4725;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4755; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4661;&#4633; &#4611;&#4757;&#4661; &#4946;&#4720;&#4653; &#4661;&#4638;&#4621;&#4779; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4964; &#4776;&#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4662;&#4714;&#4840;&#4725; &#4808;&#4778;&#4621; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648; &#4840;&#4720;&#4875;&#4616;&#4896;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4650;&#4843;&#4725;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4636;&#4864;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709; &#4619;&#4845; &#4810;&#4618;&#4757;&#4877;&#4848;&#4757; &#4813;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#4629;&#4621;&#4633;&#4757; &#4720;&#4755;&#4877;&#4654; &#4776;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720;&#4813; &#4669;&#4635;&#4877;&#4620; &#4768;&#4659;&#4635;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4755;&#4950;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4824;&#4896;&#4761;&#4757; &#4813;&#4670;&#4733; &#4872;&#4755; &#4705;&#4733;&#4619; &#4773;&#4843;&#4617; &#4808;&#4661;&#4854; &#4616;&#4709;&#4731;&#4813; &#4843;&#4659;&#4848;&#4872;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4704;&#4773;&#4865; &#4869;&#4651;&#4941; &#4845;&#4830; &#4840;&#4808;&#4899;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4758;&#4813;&#4710;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4707;&#4721;&#4757; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4827;&#4725; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4963; &#4757;&#4939;&#4661; &#4808;&#4941;&#4910;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4752;&#4848;&#4936;&#4963; &#4704;&#4824;&#4896;&#4761; &#4813;&#4670;&#4733; &#4720;&#4707;&#4653;&#4654; &#4840;&#4896;&#4939;&#4755; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4709;&#4621;&#4669;&#4725; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4777;&#4810;&#4616;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4661;&#4648;&#4869;&#4813; &#8212; &#4808;&#4720;&#4721;&#4757;&#4963; &#4950;&#4633;&#4757;&#4963; &#4877;&#4853;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757;&#4963; &#4715;&#4753;&#4757; &#4843;&#4709;&#4651;&#4651;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4637; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4773;&#4877;&#4649; &#4840;&#4720;&#4651;&#4632;&#4848; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4710;&#4781;&#4656;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4773;&#4640;&#4651;&#4616;&#4609;&#187; &#4773;&#4755; &#171;&#4755;&#4950;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4877;&#4825;&#4941; &#4936;&#4648;&#4661; &#8212; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4938;&#4848;&#4621; &#4709;&#4731; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4963; &#4720;&#4664;&#4902; &#4840;&#4612;&#4848;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4622;&#4712;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4609;&#4617;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4840;&#4733;&#4755; &#4843;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4656;&#4733; &#4936;&#4648;&#4661; &#8212; &#4938;&#4848;&#4617;&#4757; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4720;&#4637;&#4651; &#4675;&#4621; &#4635;&#4872;&#4899;&#4896;&#4637; &#4843;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4709;&#4757;&#4843;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4875;&#4939;&#4813; &#4768;&#4613;&#4843;&#4964; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4635;&#4757;&#4763;&#4813;&#4637; &#4768;&#4659;&#4635; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4635;&#4757;&#4704;&#4709; &#4840;&#4634;&#4733;&#4621; &#8212; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851;&#4813; &#4704;&#4720;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653; &#4829;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616;&#4963; &#4616;&#4715;&#4753; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4875;&#4616;&#4704;&#4964; &#4776;&#4710;&#4781;&#4656;&#4653; &#4638;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4829;&#4637;&#4720;&#4763; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4633;&#4650;&#4772;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4840;&#4649;&#4725;&#4757; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4827;&#4725; &#4848;&#4875;&#4877;&#4635; &#4843;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4733; &#4941;&#4840;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4638;&#4618;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4787;&#4653;&#4755; &#4650;&#4707;&#4757; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4733;&#4813; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4936;&#4648;&#4661; &#8212; &#4704;&#4875;&#4650; &#4723;&#4661;&#4651; &#4840;&#4723;&#4840;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4633;&#4660;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4840;&#4661;&#4787;&#4653; &#4776;&#4648;&#4636;&#4619; &#4720;&#4651;&#4651;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4808;&#4651; &#4673;&#4651; &#8212; &#4645;&#4651; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4963; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4707;&#4648;&#4648;&#4963; &#4704;&#4672;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4709;&#4653;&#4909;&#4678; &#4706;&#4651; &#4840;&#4634;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4634;&#4661;&#4720;&#4653; &#4870;&#4757;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4635;&#4758;&#4653; &#4939;&#4653;&#4637; &#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4725;&#4964; &#4656;&#4779;&#4651;&#4637; &#8212; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4840;&#4768;&#4872;&#4650;&#4721; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4704;&#4656;&#4779;&#4651;&#4638;&#4733; &#4635;&#4648;&#4938;&#4843; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4810;&#4637;&#4944;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4810;&#4618;&#4757;&#4877;&#4848;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4653; &#4896;&#4704;&#4675;&#4964; &#4704;&#4840;&#4656;&#4766;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4773;&#4653;&#4667;&#4813; &#4773;&#4840;&#4632;&#4899; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4704;&#4621; &#8212; &#4773;&#4653;&#4667;&#4813; &#4776;&#4813;&#4909;&#4813; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4875;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4755;&#4760;&#4813; &#4704;&#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4664;&#4811; &#4840;&#4720;&#4638;&#4617;&#4725;&#4757; &#4872;&#4757;&#4851;&#4814;&#4733; &#4768;&#4845;&#4726; &#4648;&#4611;&#4709; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4634;&#4661;&#4720;&#4653; &#4941;&#4652;&#4848;&#4650;&#4781;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4757;&#4904;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4624;&#4656;&#4720;&#4763; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4840;&#4872;&#4827;&#4755; &#4808;&#4941;&#4910;&#4813;&#4757; &#4704;&#4936;&#4757;&#4866; &#4843;&#4936;&#4648;&#4656; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4634;&#4661;&#4720;&#4653; &#4946;&#4621;&#4778;&#4757;&#4877;&#4720;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4733;&#4747;&#4621;!&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4840;&#4773;&#4653;&#4659;&#4661; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4840;&#4619;&#4776;&#4964; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4704;&#4773;&#4651;&#4721; &#4619;&#4845; &#4661;&#4616; &#171;&#4840;&#4704;&#4723;&#4733; &#4632;&#4848;&#4710;&#4733;&#187; &#4840;&#4672;&#4616;&#4848;&#4755; &#4776;&#4755;&#4950;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4875;&#4653; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4901;&#4673;&#4653; &#4768;&#4661; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4843;&#4808;&#4899;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4878;&#4720;&#4651;&#4813; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851;</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4707;&#4721; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4827;&#4725; &#4704;&#4752;&#4909; &#4672;&#4616;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4937;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4612;&#4853;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4653;&#4635;</strong> &#8212; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829; &#4658;&#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4925;&#4637; &#4840;&#4758;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4947;&#4650;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4645;&#4651;&#4813;&#4757; &#4776;&#4616;&#4672;&#4672; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4704;&#4853;&#4613;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4758;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4776;&#4731;&#4949;&#4661;&#4778; &#4875;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4755;&#4760;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4878;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757;&#4707;&#4653;&#4755; &#4812;&#4661;&#4779;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4808;&#4653; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4840;&#4678;&#4840;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4720;&#4787;&#4669; &#4901;&#4845;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4872;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4723;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4814;&#4618;&#4757;&#4877;&#4720;&#4757; (Wallington)</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4612;&#4653;&#4725;&#4942;&#4653;&#4853;&#4667;&#4840;&#4653; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4872;&#4765; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653;&#4964; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621; &#4776;1936 &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; 1940 &#4840;&#4758;&#4648;&#4707;&#4725; &#8212; &#4708;&#4721; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4678;&#4639;&#4621; (&#4840;&#4938;&#4725; &#4781;&#4941;&#4617; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4649; &#4657;&#4677; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757; &#4840;&#4877;&#4621; &#4632;&#4758;&#4650;&#4843; &#4752;&#4813;)&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4655; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616;&#4733;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4667; &#4635;&#4758;&#4653; &#4939;&#4653;&#4637; &#4725;&#4707;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621; &#4854;&#4654;&#4814;&#4733;&#4755; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4941;&#4840;&#4622;&#4733; &#4843;&#4648;&#4707;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#4776;&#4941;&#4840;&#4622;&#4729; &#4768;&#4757;&#4855; &#4633;&#4650;&#4772;&#4621; &#4725;&#4707;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4724;&#4613;&#4651;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4768;&#4875;&#4654;&#4733; &#4632;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4755;&#4761;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725; &#4808;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813;&#4753; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4925;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4754;&#4635;&#4618;&#4829;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4659;&#4638;&#4729; &#4840;&#4636;&#4864;&#4653;&#4757; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4808;&#4848; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4672;&#4845;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4656;&#4840;&#4633;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4707;&#4721; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4827;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4752;&#4909; &#4672;&#4616;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4937; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733; &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4752;&#4657;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4773;&#4877;&#4653; &#4901;&#4649;&#4963; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4773;&#4877;&#4653; &#4632;&#4901;&#4942;!&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4707;&#4721;&#4757; &#4632;&#4843;&#4829; &#4619;&#4621;&#4731;&#4617;&#4725; &#4704;&#4878;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4640;&#4651; &#4768;&#4909;&#4653; &#4624;&#4648;&#4877; &#8212; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#171;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4773;&#4877;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4667;&#4616;!&#187; &#4808;&#4848;&#4634;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4707;&#4757;&#4850;&#4651;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4758;&#4813;&#4710;&#4621; &#4776;&#4808;&#4845;&#4824;&#4654; &#4870;&#4757;&#4661; &#4768;&#4654;&#4876; &#4768;&#4648;&#4757;&#4883;&#4852; &#4896;&#4648;&#4916;&#4827; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661; &#4840;&#4640;&#4651;&#4813; &#8212; &#4752;&#4909; &#4656;&#4782;&#4755;&#4755; &#4752;&#4909; &#4672;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4720;&#4643;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4726;&#4729; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4720;&#4813; &#4720;&#4651; &#4768;&#4648;&#4757;&#4883;&#4852; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4768;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4901;&#4674;&#4725; &#4848;&#4674;&#4675; &#4840;&#4720;&#4664;&#4632;&#4848;&#4848;&#4813; &#4824;&#4936;&#4757; &#8212; &#4768;&#4709;&#4846;&#4721; &#4720;&#4896;&#4755;&#4677;&#4683;&#4621; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4704;&#4621;&#4841; &#4768;&#4811;&#4869; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4648;&#4824;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4870;&#4757;&#4661; &#4845;&#4632;&#4616;&#4659;&#4621;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4632;&#4901; &#4675;&#4621; &#8212; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4618;&#4632;&#4621;&#4661;&#4616;&#4725; &#4843;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4909;&#4675; &#4665;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4651;&#4657; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652; &#4614;&#4758; &#4877;&#4709;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4656;&#4704;&#4661;&#4709;&#4963; &#4776;&#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813;&#4757; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829; &#4808;&#4848; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4649; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707;&#4963; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4720;&#4909;&#4758; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4653; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4824;&#4632;&#4752; &#4632;&#4659;&#4941;&#4757;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4677;&#4653;&#4921; &#4659;&#4845;&#4936;&#4653;&#4661; &#4813;&#4661;&#4897; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4808;&#4896;&#4704;&#4725; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#8212; &#4757;&#4873;&#4641; &#4704;&#4825;&#4939;&#4753; &#4619;&#4845;&#4963; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4753; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4773;&#4869;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4811;&#4869; &#4752;&#4875;&#4650;</strong> &#8212; &#4752;&#4875;&#4650;&#4721;&#4757; &#4848;&#4709;&#4853;&#4710; &#4629;&#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4869; &#8212; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4773;&#4869; &#4619;&#4845; &#4677;&#4866; &#4768;&#4845;&#4672;&#4653;&#4637;&#4964; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4648;&#4813; &#4704;&#4725;&#4829;&#4723; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4936;&#4675;&#4848;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4648;&#4877; &#4659;&#4757;&#4657;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4629;&#4877; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4776;&#4616;&#4776;&#4616; &#4877;&#4757; &#171;&#4768;&#4845;&#4707;&#4621;&#4637;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4707;&#4621; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#8212; &#4704;&#4774;&#4653;&#4812;&#4621; &#4632;&#4677;&#4853;&#4637; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4811;&#4755; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4840;&#4949;&#4652;&#4661; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813;&#4755; &#4843;&#4621;&#4723;&#4720;&#4632;&#4813; &#4632;&#4677;&#4853;&#4637; &#8212; &#4776;&#4611;&#4843; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4720;&#4872;&#4765;&#4726; &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4656;&#4707; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4840;&#4723;&#4720;&#4632;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4720;&#4721; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4813;&#4670;&#4729;&#4962;</strong> &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4725; &#4843;&#4752;&#4709;&#4704;&#4811;&#4621; &#8212; &#4629;&#4621;&#4633; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4645;&#4651;&#4813; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4768;&#4659;&#4638;&#4729; &#4656;&#4648;&#4673;&#4725;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4661;&#4653;&#4678;&#4721; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4920;&#4632;&#4813; &#4872;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4813;&#4667; &#4659;&#4845;&#4808;&#4616;&#4853; &#4704;&#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4614;&#4753;&#4757; &#4723;&#4659;&#4843;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4632;&#4640;&#4648;&#4725; &#4725;&#4616;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4773;&#4755;&#4757;&#4720;&#4661; &#4840;&#4632;&#4723;&#4896;&#4938;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4752;&#4901;&#4709; &#4840;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4723;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4897;&#4723;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609; &#8212; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4632;&#4621;&#4657; &#4661;&#4616; &#4747;&#4616;&#4766;&#4729; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4942;&#4733; &#4757;&#4707;&#4707;&#4733;&#4609;&#4757; &#4845;&#4616;&#4813;&#4896;&#4811;&#4621;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4723;&#4813;&#4656;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813;&#4962;</strong> &#4709;&#4757;&#4843;&#4637; &#4635;&#4757;&#4704;&#4709; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851;&#4813; &#4704;&#4720;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4781;&#4727;&#4621;&#4964; &#4829;&#4637; &#4709;&#4623;&#4621;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4741;&#4618;&#4755; &#4845;&#4616;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4776;&#4939;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4709; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4648;&#4672;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4723;&#4813;&#4661; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621; &#4758;&#4654;&#4725; &#4843; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621; &#4877;&#4757; &#4829;&#4637; &#4706;&#4621; &#8212; &#4779;&#4621;&#4723;&#4808;&#4656;&#4813; &#4845;&#4667;&#4619;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4845;&#4709;&#4659;&#4621;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4609;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962;</strong> &#4781;&#4622;&#4712;&#4653; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4720;&#4664;&#4781;&#4635;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; &#4843;&#4872;&#4761;&#4725;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4635;&#4899;&#4725;&#4755; &#4843;&#4656;&#4705;&#4725;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4653;&#4659;&#4725;&#4962; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4733; &#4773;&#4653;&#4667; &#4619;&#4845; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828; &#4632;&#4843;&#4829; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4731;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4683;&#4637; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4613;&#4720;&#4725; &#4661;&#4723;&#4841;&#4755; &#4704;&#4813;&#4909; &#4896;&#4619;&#4725; &#4720;&#4776;&#4704;&#4755;&#4621; &#4661;&#4725;&#4707;&#4617; &#8212; &#4843; &#4768;&#4707;&#4707;&#4621; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4614;&#4752; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4667;&#4616; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4852;&#4725; &#4725;&#4616;&#4841;&#4723;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Great Books — Homer: The Odyssey (English)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Homer: The Odyssey &#8212; &#8220;Tell me, Muse, about the man of many turns, who wandered very far after he sacked the holy city of Troy.&#8221; English edition]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/homer-the-odyssey-english</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/homer-the-odyssey-english</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2026 06:26:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/217596421/f2bff6755b251886a4962b8c727132f5.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6Dr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F555a1dc1-bfb7-4d6c-8987-910949664235_1456x819.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6Dr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F555a1dc1-bfb7-4d6c-8987-910949664235_1456x819.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6Dr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F555a1dc1-bfb7-4d6c-8987-910949664235_1456x819.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6Dr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F555a1dc1-bfb7-4d6c-8987-910949664235_1456x819.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6Dr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F555a1dc1-bfb7-4d6c-8987-910949664235_1456x819.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A captain and his sailors are trapped in a giant&#8217;s cave. A single slab of rock blocks the entrance, and the giant has been eating the men two at a time. The captain offers him wine, and when the giant asks his name, he says it is Nobody. The poem behind that scene runs to more than 12,000 lines, composed by a poet we can barely name, in a Greece that had only just learned to write again. This episode asks who made it, how anyone could make a poem that long without writing it down, and what world was listening. Then it tells the whole story in Homer&#8217;s order: a house full of strangers eating someone else&#8217;s food, a man who says no to a goddess, and a king who comes home to his own hall dressed as a beggar. It ends in arguments that have never been settled. Is this hero admirable, or a liar of real skill? Is the poem an old man&#8217;s advice to stay home? And when his wife finally tests him, does she already know who he is?</p><div><hr></div><h2>Part 1 &#8212; A Man Who Said His Name Was Nobody (Saba)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>The cave</strong> &#8212; Odysseus and twelve of his sailors walk into the cave of Polyphemus, a Cyclops, hoping for the old rule of a meal and a gift for strangers. The giant says the Cyclopes care nothing for Zeus and eats the men two at a time. The captain cannot kill him, because if Polyphemus dies, nobody can roll the stone away. So the giant has to live and only stop seeing.</p></li><li><p><strong>Nobody</strong> &#8212; The giant drinks three bowls of strong wine and asks: &#8220;What is your name, stranger? Tell me, and I will give you a guest-gift.&#8221; The answer is Nobody, and the gift is to be eaten last. The men drive a stake of green olive wood into his single eye. When his neighbours call through the stone, Polyphemus screams: &#8220;Nobody is killing me, friends! Nobody, by trickery!&#8221; The neighbours go home to bed.</p></li><li><p><strong>The pun</strong> &#8212; The Greek words the neighbours use for &#8220;nobody&#8221;, &#8220;may tis&#8221;, run together into &#8220;metis&#8221;: cunning, the quality Odysseus is famous for. The poet does not point it out. He just lets Odysseus laugh.</p></li><li><p><strong>A poet without a life</strong> &#8212; The ancient world agreed only that Homer composed the Iliad and the Odyssey. The blind Homer seems to come from a hymn once credited to him, whose singer is &#8220;a blind man who lives on rocky Chios&#8221;. Seven cities claimed his birthplace. Herodotus put him in the ninth century BC; modern scholars mostly place the poems in the late eighth or early seventh, the Odyssey after the Iliad.</p></li><li><p><strong>The poem of old age</strong> &#8212; The critic known as Longinus said Homer made the Iliad in the full heat of his genius and the Odyssey in old age, like the setting sun, as large as ever but without the burning heat. Longinus had no information about Homer&#8217;s age at all. But Saba hears what he heard: a man who has seen everything a war can do and wants only to get home and find some peace and quiet. William Gladstone, who led four British governments, believed that by studying the two poems one could develop the entire moral code needed to live a good and just life.</p></li><li><p><strong>Singing without writing</strong> &#8212; A little over 12,000 lines in 24 books, all in one six-beat metre, full of phrases that come back word for word: &#8220;rosy-fingered&#8221; Dawn, the &#8220;wine-dark&#8221; sea. In the late 1920s Milman Parry showed that these formulas form a system for composing aloud, at speed. In what was then Yugoslavia he found Avdo Medjedovich, a former butcher from Montenegro who had never learned to read. In July 1935, over about a week, Avdo dictated a song of more than 12,300 lines and said he knew longer ones. That does not prove one man made the Odyssey we have. It shows one man could have.</p></li><li><p><strong>From Troy to home</strong> &#8212; The Iliad&#8217;s first word is &#8220;menin&#8221;, rage, and it ends before Troy falls. The Odyssey&#8217;s is &#8220;andra&#8221;, a man, a man &#8220;polytropos&#8221;, of many turns: driven this way and that, or turning things himself. The poem does not say which.</p></li><li><p><strong>A reluctant soldier</strong> &#8212; Agamemnon&#8217;s ghost remembers that it took a whole month to win Odysseus over to the war. A later story, told outside Homer, has him feigning madness until Palamedes sets his baby son in front of the plough. Ten years at war, then ten more getting home, because the gods turned against the Greeks on the way back.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>Part 2 &#8212; A World Without a State (Ibsa)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Two worlds</strong> &#8212; The Odyssey is set in one age and was sung in another, perhaps four or five centuries later.</p></li><li><p><strong>The palace that burned</strong> &#8212; In the poem, Pylos is the home of old King Nestor. In 1939 Carl Blegen began digging there and on the first day found a palace archive of clay tablets, baked hard by a fire around 1180 BC. In 1952 Michael Ventris showed that their script, Linear B, was an early form of Greek. The tablets are inventories: rations, bronze for smiths, offerings to gods. A world run by clerks.</p></li><li><p><strong>The collapse</strong> &#8212; Around 1200 BC palace after palace across the eastern Mediterranean fell. In Greece, for roughly 400 years, nobody seems to have written anything down. What survived was song. The poem remembers that a king lived at Pylos, but not the clerks.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Greece that listened</strong> &#8212; The listeners lived in the late eighth and early seventh centuries BC. The Greeks had borrowed the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels, and were sailing west to southern Italy and Sicily. On Ischia, a cup from around 730 BC carries a joke about the cup of Nestor in Homer&#8217;s metre. And when Odysseus looks at an empty, fertile island off the Cyclopes&#8217; coast, Ibsa hears &#8220;a settler looking at real estate.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>The open door</strong> &#8212; On Ithaca there has been no assembly for twenty years: no king, no council, no court, no police. What holds the world together is xenia, guest-friendship. You bring the stranger in, wash and feed him, and only then ask his name; when he leaves, you give him a gift. Anyone might be the stranger next month, Zeus protects strangers, and a ragged traveller might be a god. Xenia can fail from the guest&#8217;s side too, and almost every scene in the poem tests it.</p></li><li><p><strong>The gods</strong> &#8212; The poem opens with Zeus complaining that mortals blame the gods for their own recklessness. Athena, who loves Odysseus because he is like her, wants him released. Poseidon is in the way, because Polyphemus is his son. And the gods are not tidy: Zeus lets Poseidon punish the Phaeacians, who carried Odysseus home and kept every rule of xenia. The poem does not explain why.</p></li><li><p><strong>The singer in the hall</strong> &#8212; Demodocus, the Phaeacians&#8217; singer, is blind; the Muse took his eyes and gave him sweet song, which may be where the blind Homer came from. For four books Odysseus himself becomes the singer, telling his adventures after dinner to hosts whose ship he needs.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>Part 3 &#8212; From the Empty Chair to the Orchard (Abeba)</h2><p>Abeba tells the poem in Homer&#8217;s order, from the suitors in the hall to the pact in its last line.</p><h3>Ithaca Without Him</h3><ul><li><p><strong>The house</strong> &#8212; Dozens of young nobles have been eating in Odysseus&#8217; hall for years, waiting for his wife, Penelope, to choose one of them. His son, Telemachus, was a baby when he left twenty years ago.</p></li><li><p><strong>The son</strong> &#8212; Athena, disguised as an old friend of the family, tells Telemachus his father is alive. At the assembly Antinous, the boldest suitor, tells how Penelope wove a shroud for Laertes by day and unpicked it by night for three years. At Sparta, Menelaus says Odysseus is held by the nymph Calypso. Antinous sets an ambush to kill Telemachus.</p></li></ul><h3>The Last Shore</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Calypso</strong> &#8212; After seven years of weeping on her shore, Odysseus is released on Zeus&#8217; order. Calypso offers immortality one last time. He answers that Penelope is less than her in beauty, and that he still wants, every day, to go home.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Phaeacians</strong> &#8212; Poseidon wrecks his raft, and he crawls ashore on Scheria. Nausicaa sends him to the palace, and King Alcinous feeds him without asking his name. When Demodocus sings of the wooden horse, Odysseus weeps like a woman over her husband&#8217;s body, and Alcinous at last asks who he is.</p></li></ul><h3>The Tale at the Table</h3><p>Every event here is Odysseus&#8217; own account.</p><ul><li><p><strong>From Troy to the cave</strong> &#8212; &#8220;I am Odysseus, son of Laertes,&#8221; he begins. Twelve ships; the Cicones; the Lotus-Eaters. Out of the cave, tied under the rams, he shouts his real name at Polyphemus, who prays to his father that Odysseus come home late, alone, on a stranger&#8217;s ship, to trouble in his house. The sea god hears him.</p></li><li><p><strong>Winds, giants and a witch</strong> &#8212; Within sight of Ithaca he falls asleep and his crew open Aeolus&#8217; bag of winds. The Laestrygonians destroy eleven ships. Circe turns half the crew into pigs, but the herb moly protects him, and they stay a year.</p></li><li><p><strong>The dead</strong> &#8212; Tiresias tells him to spare the cattle of the Sun, then to walk inland with an oar until someone calls it a winnowing fan, and death will come to him &#8220;from the sea&#8221;. His mother, Anticleia, died of missing him. Agamemnon warns him to come home in secret. Achilles would rather be a poor man&#8217;s hired labourer than king of all the dead.</p></li><li><p><strong>The cattle of the Sun</strong> &#8212; Past the Sirens and Scylla, the starving crew kill the Sun&#8217;s cattle while he sleeps. Zeus destroys the ship, and Odysseus alone drifts to Calypso&#8217;s island. The hall sits spellbound.</p></li></ul><h3>A Stranger in His Own House</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Ithaca</strong> &#8212; Set down asleep on Ithaca, he lies at once to Athena, who smiles at him and disguises him as an old beggar. The swineherd Eumaeus feeds him, because all strangers come from Zeus. Telemachus escapes the ambush, and father and son weep like sea eagles robbed of their young. There are 108 suitors.</p></li><li><p><strong>Argos</strong> &#8212; On a dung heap at the gate lies the old dog Odysseus raised. Argos wags his tail but cannot come to him, and dies as soon as he has seen his master again in the twentieth year.</p></li><li><p><strong>By the fire</strong> &#8212; Antinous throws a footstool at the beggar. Odysseus warns the kindly suitor Amphinomus, who does not leave. That night the stranger describes to Penelope the brooch she fastened on Odysseus herself, and his eyes stay as steady as horn or iron while she weeps. The old nurse Eurycleia finds his scar, and he grips her throat to keep her quiet. Penelope announces the contest of the bow.</p></li></ul><h3>The Bow</h3><ul><li><p><strong>The contest</strong> &#8212; No suitor can string it. Odysseus strings it as easily as a musician fits a lyre string, and shoots through all twelve axes.</p></li><li><p><strong>The suitors</strong> &#8212; The first arrow goes through Antinous&#8217; throat. Eurymachus offers repayment and is refused; Telemachus kills Amphinomus. Only the singer Phemius and the herald Medon are spared. Odysseus stops Eurycleia&#8217;s cry of triumph: it is unholy to gloat over the dead.</p></li><li><p><strong>The twelve</strong> &#8212; Of fifty women, Eurycleia names twelve as disloyal. They are made to clean the hall, then Telemachus hangs them from a ship&#8217;s cable. The goatherd Melanthius is mutilated and killed.</p></li></ul><h3>The Bed</h3><ul><li><p><strong>The sign</strong> &#8212; Penelope sits facing the stranger in silence, then orders the bed he built moved outside. Odysseus explodes: &#8220;Woman, who has moved my bed?&#8221; He built it around a living olive tree. She runs to him; she was always afraid some man would fool her with words. Athena holds back the night.</p></li></ul><h3>The Orchard</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Laertes</strong> &#8212; Among the dead, Agamemnon praises faithful Penelope. Odysseus finds his father digging in his orchard, tests him with one more false story, and cannot bear the old man&#8217;s grief. He proves himself with the trees his father gave him: thirteen pear, ten apple and forty fig.</p></li><li><p><strong>The last fight</strong> &#8212; Laertes&#8217; spear goes through the helmet of Eupeithes, the father of Antinous. Athena shouts the fighting to a stop, Zeus&#8217; thunderbolt lands at her feet, and Athena, as Mentor, makes a pact. That is the last line of the poem.</p></li></ul><h3>Three Questions (Abeba&#8217;s readings)</h3><ol><li><p><strong>Is Odysseus admirable?</strong> &#8212; He endures everything and says no to immortality. But every man he led from Troy is dead, some of their own folly, some of his: he stayed in the cave hoping for a gift, then shouted the name that let the giant curse him. Abeba&#8217;s reading is that the poem admires what he can bear more than what he decides, and his crew pay for his mistakes.</p></li><li><p><strong>Is there no such thing as lying, only getting caught?</strong> &#8212; He lies to nearly everyone, each lie tuned to its listener. But he is caught in the end by a dog, a scar, a bed and thirteen pear trees, and the one time his words cost him everything, he was telling the truth. Abeba&#8217;s reading: &#8220;The man of many turns is known, in the end, by things that do not turn.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Glory, or home?</strong> &#8212; Kleos is glory, literally &#8220;what is heard&#8221;. One reading makes the poem an old man&#8217;s advice: stay home and be content with a simple happiness instead of glory. Achilles and Penelope&#8217;s promised song support it. But Odysseus wants both, and home does not hold him. Abeba&#8217;s reading is that the poem believes in the simple life and does not let its hero have it yet.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>Part 4 &#8212; Discussion (Dawit &amp; Tigist)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>The bed that cannot be moved</strong> &#8212; Dawit: &#8220;It&#8217;s a bed you can&#8217;t move, in a poem about a man who can&#8217;t stay put.&#8221; Tigist pushes him to Abeba&#8217;s question: does Penelope already know him when she sets the test?</p></li><li><p><strong>She knew / she was testing</strong> &#8212; Dawit thinks she suspects him from the night by the fire: the brooch, the scar and the contest all come that night. He cites Philip Harsh&#8217;s well-known 1950 article. Tigist answers that the poet credits Athena with the idea of the contest, and that Penelope alone refuses the scar after twenty years of lying travellers. <strong>They do not agree.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>A complicated man</strong> &#8212; In 2017 Emily Wilson, the first woman to publish an English translation of the whole Odyssey, rendered its opening as &#8220;Tell me about a complicated man.&#8221; Dante put Ulysses in Hell among the fraudulent counsellors, but Dante could not read Greek and never read the Odyssey.</p></li><li><p><strong>The twelve women</strong> &#8212; Wilson has pointed out that earlier translations called the women &#8220;sluts&#8221; and &#8220;whores&#8221;, while the Greek is closer to &#8220;these female ones&#8221;; she wrote &#8220;these girls&#8221;. Margaret Atwood&#8217;s <em>The Penelopiad</em> (2005) gives the hanged maids a chorus. Tigist holds that the poem treats this as the household being cleansed. Dawit reads the ending, a goddess stopping the next killing, as unease. <strong>Unresolved:</strong> &#8220;Then I&#8217;ll keep my discomfort, and you can keep your narrator.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Stay home</strong> &#8212; Dawit sets Abeba&#8217;s reading against the Epic of Gilgamesh, whose hero ignores a tavern-keeper&#8217;s advice to enjoy his food and his family, and goes home with nothing. Odysseus is offered immortality by Calypso and chooses that life. But Jonathan Shay, a psychiatrist who treated Vietnam veterans, argued in <em>Odysseus in America</em> (2002) that Odysseus&#8217; mistrust, lying and secrecy are recognisable in the veterans he treated. Dawit says home is where the trouble starts; Tigist says it is worth the trouble. And Tiresias&#8217; death &#8220;from the sea&#8221; can mean out of the sea or far from it.</p></li></ul><h3>Things Nobody Tells You</h3><ol><li><p><strong>A beating in Latin.</strong> Livius Andronicus&#8217; Latin Odyssey became a school textbook, and Horace remembered having it drilled into him by a schoolmaster he calls &#8220;plagosus&#8221;, the flogger.</p></li><li><p><strong>Pope&#8217;s secret.</strong> Alexander Pope made a great deal of money from his Odyssey, but two hired collaborators did twelve of its twenty-four books.</p></li><li><p><strong>No word for blue.</strong> In 1858 William Gladstone found, as he read them, no word for blue in Homer, and concluded the Greeks&#8217; sense of colour was undeveloped. The argument is still going.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Telegony.</strong> In a lost epic, Telegonus, Odysseus&#8217; son by Circe, kills his father with a spear tipped with a stingray&#8217;s spine. Death from the sea. Then Telegonus married Penelope, and Telemachus married Circe.</p></li><li><p><strong>Keats at dawn.</strong> In October 1816 John Keats sat up all night reading George Chapman&#8217;s Homer. By ten that morning, <em>On First Looking into Chapman&#8217;s Homer</em> was on his friend&#8217;s breakfast table.</p></li></ol><h3>Closing</h3><p>After the whole poem, Dawit and Tigist are back where they started. Tigist thinks Penelope was testing a stranger. Dawit thinks she knew. The poem won&#8217;t tell them. Its last line belongs to Athena, still wearing the face of Mentor, the old family friend.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Key Quotations</h2><blockquote><p>&#8220;Nobody is killing me, friends! Nobody, by trickery!&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Polyphemus</em></p><p>&#8220;Cyclops, if anyone ever asks you who put out your eye, tell him it was Odysseus, sacker of cities, son of Laertes, whose home is on Ithaca.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Odysseus</em></p><p>&#8220;It is astonishing how mortals blame the gods.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Zeus, in the poem&#8217;s first scene</em></p><p>&#8220;I would rather be a hired labourer working the land for some poor man than be king of all the dead.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Achilles, in the land of the dead</em></p><p>&#8220;Woman, who has moved my bed?&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Odysseus</em></p><p>&#8220;The man of many turns is known, in the end, by things that do not turn.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Abeba</em></p><p>&#8220;It&#8217;s a bed you can&#8217;t move, in a poem about a man who can&#8217;t stay put.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Dawit</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>Names and Terms</h2><h3>People</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Homer</strong> &#8212; the name given to the poet of the Iliad and the Odyssey</p></li><li><p><strong>Herodotus</strong> &#8212; historian; put Homer in the ninth century BC</p></li><li><p><strong>Longinus</strong> &#8212; critic of the Roman period; the Odyssey as the poem of old age</p></li><li><p><strong>William Gladstone</strong> &#8212; led four British governments; three-volume study of Homer (1858)</p></li><li><p><strong>Milman Parry</strong> &#8212; American scholar who showed the formulas form a system</p></li><li><p><strong>Avdo Medjedovich</strong> &#8212; singer from Montenegro who could not read; dictated a song of more than 12,300 lines in 1935</p></li><li><p><strong>Carl Blegen</strong> &#8212; American archaeologist who dug at Pylos from 1939</p></li><li><p><strong>Michael Ventris</strong> &#8212; English architect who showed in 1952 that Linear B was Greek</p></li><li><p><strong>Philip Harsh</strong> &#8212; classicist; argued in 1950 that Penelope suspects the beggar</p></li><li><p><strong>Emily Wilson</strong> &#8212; first woman to publish an English translation of the whole Odyssey (2017)</p></li><li><p><strong>Dante</strong> &#8212; Italian poet who put Ulysses in Hell</p></li><li><p><strong>Margaret Atwood</strong> &#8212; Canadian novelist; <em>The Penelopiad</em> (2005)</p></li><li><p><strong>Jonathan Shay</strong> &#8212; American psychiatrist; <em>Odysseus in America</em> (2002)</p></li><li><p><strong>Livius Andronicus</strong> &#8212; put the Odyssey into Latin verse</p></li><li><p><strong>Horace</strong> &#8212; Roman poet, schooled on the Latin Odyssey</p></li><li><p><strong>Alexander Pope</strong> &#8212; eighteenth-century English poet</p></li><li><p><strong>John Keats</strong> and <strong>George Chapman</strong> &#8212; the young poet, and the translator of Homer he read</p></li></ul><h3>Characters</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Odysseus</strong> &#8212; king of Ithaca, son of Laertes; &#8220;polytropos&#8221;; Ulysses in Latin</p></li><li><p><strong>Penelope</strong>, <strong>Telemachus</strong>, <strong>Laertes</strong>, <strong>Anticleia</strong> &#8212; his wife, son, father and mother</p></li><li><p><strong>Eurycleia</strong> &#8212; the old nurse</p></li><li><p><strong>Eumaeus</strong> &#8212; the loyal swineherd</p></li><li><p><strong>Melanthius</strong> &#8212; goatherd who carried armour to the suitors</p></li><li><p><strong>Argos</strong> &#8212; Odysseus&#8217; old hunting dog</p></li><li><p><strong>Antinous</strong>, <strong>Eurymachus</strong>, <strong>Amphinomus</strong> &#8212; the boldest, the smoothest and the kindliest suitors</p></li><li><p><strong>Eupeithes</strong> &#8212; father of Antinous</p></li><li><p><strong>Phemius</strong> and <strong>Medon</strong> &#8212; the singer and the herald, spared</p></li><li><p><strong>Nestor</strong> &#8212; old king of Pylos</p></li><li><p><strong>Menelaus</strong> &#8212; king at Sparta</p></li><li><p><strong>Agamemnon</strong> &#8212; commander of the Greek army, murdered by his own wife and her lover</p></li><li><p><strong>Achilles</strong> &#8212; the greatest Greek warrior, met among the dead</p></li><li><p><strong>Palamedes</strong> &#8212; Greek officer in a later story of Odysseus&#8217; feigned madness</p></li><li><p><strong>Tiresias</strong> &#8212; the blind prophet</p></li><li><p><strong>Polyphemus</strong> &#8212; the Cyclops, son of Poseidon</p></li><li><p><strong>Calypso</strong> &#8212; the nymph who holds Odysseus for seven years</p></li><li><p><strong>Circe</strong> &#8212; goddess and enchantress</p></li><li><p><strong>Nausicaa</strong> and <strong>Alcinous</strong> &#8212; daughter and king of the Phaeacians</p></li><li><p><strong>Demodocus</strong> &#8212; the blind singer of the Phaeacians</p></li><li><p><strong>Aeolus</strong> &#8212; keeper of the winds</p></li><li><p><strong>Zeus</strong>, <strong>Athena</strong>, <strong>Poseidon</strong>, <strong>Hermes</strong> &#8212; the gods who drive the plot; Athena ends the poem as <strong>Mentor</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Telegonus</strong> &#8212; Odysseus&#8217; son by Circe, in the lost <em>Telegony</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Gilgamesh</strong> &#8212; the king in the much older epic from Mesopotamia</p></li></ul><h3>Places</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Ithaca</strong> &#8212; Odysseus&#8217; island kingdom</p></li><li><p><strong>Pylos</strong> &#8212; Nestor&#8217;s home; site of the burnt palace and its tablets</p></li><li><p><strong>Troy</strong> &#8212; the city of the war</p></li><li><p><strong>Scheria</strong> &#8212; island of the Phaeacians</p></li><li><p><strong>Chios</strong> &#8212; island of the &#8220;blind man&#8221; in the hymn</p></li><li><p><strong>Ischia</strong> &#8212; island in the Bay of Naples where the cup of Nestor was found</p></li></ul><h3>Terms and Concepts</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Xenia</strong> &#8212; guest-friendship; the binding rule between host and stranger</p></li><li><p><strong>Metis</strong> &#8212; cunning</p></li><li><p><strong>Polytropos</strong> &#8212; &#8220;of many turns&#8221;: the poem&#8217;s first adjective for its hero</p></li><li><p><strong>Kleos</strong> &#8212; glory; literally &#8220;what is heard&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Formula</strong> &#8212; a ready-made phrase fitted to the metre</p></li><li><p><strong>Linear B</strong> &#8212; the script of the palace tablets, an early form of Greek</p></li><li><p><strong>Moly</strong> &#8212; the herb Hermes gives Odysseus against Circe</p></li><li><p><strong>Winnowing fan</strong> &#8212; the flat wooden shovel an oar is mistaken for</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>Discussion Questions</h2><ol><li><p><strong>Did she know?</strong> Penelope hears about the brooch, has the stranger&#8217;s feet washed and announces the contest, all on one night, then refuses the scar and tests him with the bed. Dawit thinks she knew; Tigist thinks she was testing a stranger. Which reading does the text support better?</p></li><li><p><strong>Who pays?</strong> Every man Odysseus led from Troy is dead. Is he admirable, or, as Emily Wilson puts it, &#8220;a complicated man&#8221;?</p></li><li><p><strong>Lying, or getting caught?</strong> He lies to almost everyone and is caught by a dog, a scar, a bed and a count of trees. The most costly thing he ever says is his own true name. Is there such a thing as lying, or only getting caught?</p></li><li><p><strong>The twelve women.</strong> How much of what we feel about that scene comes from the poem, and how much from its translators?</p></li><li><p><strong>Glory, or home?</strong> Gilgamesh refuses the tavern-keeper&#8217;s advice, and Odysseus chooses that life over immortality. Is the Odyssey an old man&#8217;s advice to stay home, or a poem about home being where the trouble starts?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — Homer: The Odyssey]]></title><description><![CDATA[Homer&#4961; The Odyssey &#8212; &#171;&#4661;&#4636; &#8216;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#8217; (Outis/Nobody) &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/homer-the-odyssey</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/homer-the-odyssey</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2026 06:13:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/220318278/28e10ff45ae100dbc6d05af6f18e7016.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4811;&#4667; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4723;&#4661;&#4648;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4649; &#4704;&#4877;&#4825;&#4941; &#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4845; &#4720;&#4824;&#4877;&#4727;&#4621;&#4964; &#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4721; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4728;&#4813; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#4768;&#4621;&#4632;&#4824;&#4824;&#4637;&#4964; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4672;&#4840;&#4648;&#4962; &#4843; &#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4725; &#4776;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4666;&#4629; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4824;&#4621;&#4683;&#4621;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4811;&#4667; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4659;&#4813; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4824;&#4632;&#4648; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813;&#4637; &#4661;&#4616; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721; &#4776;&#4877;&#4901;&#4638;&#4729; &#4813;&#4906; &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4840;&#4635;&#4755;&#4813;&#4672;&#4813; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4845;&#4613; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4845;&#4830; &#4845;&#4883;&#4827;&#4621;&#4966; Homer &#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; Odysseus &#4776;&#4725;&#4654;&#4845; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4708;&#4721; &#4848;&#4867;&#4941; &#4637;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4936;&#4964; &#4773;&#4755; &#4843; &#4873;&#4830; &#4827;&#4652; &#4616;&#4661;&#4848;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813;&#4963; &#4616;&#4720;&#4632;&#4619;&#4665; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653;&#4755; &#4616;&#4609;&#4619;&#4733;&#4757;&#4637; &#4637;&#4757; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;? &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4845;&#4672;&#4632;&#4899;&#4617;&#4966; &#4845;&#4613; &#4656;&#4813; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4813;&#4664;&#4723;&#4637; &#8212; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637;?</p><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 1 &#8212; Homer &#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;? (&#4659;&#4707;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4633; &#4709;&#4731; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4824;&#4896;&#4752;&#4763;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4776;&#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4781;&#4941;&#4616; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4677;&#4853;&#4632; &#4621;&#4848;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4758;&#4648; &#4845;&#4872;&#4632;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4632;&#4732; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4758;&#4648; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4704;&#4773;&#4653;&#4877;&#4896;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653;&#4637;&#4962; &#4661;&#4616; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721; &#4843;&#4617;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757;&#4910;&#4733; &#4776;&#4709;&#4825; &#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4937; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4819;&#4845;&#4752; &#4661;&#4813;&#4649; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634;</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4825; &#4901;&#4757;&#4723;&#4810; &#4637;&#4757;&#4910;&#4733; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752; &#4661;&#4813;&#4653; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648; &#4845;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4617;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4638;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; Smyrna&#4963; Chios&#4963; Colophon&#4963; Salamis&#4963; Rhodes&#4963; Argos &#4773;&#4755; Athens &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#171;&#4614;&#4632;&#4653; &#4840;&#4773;&#4763; &#4621;&#4869; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4720;&#4776;&#4651;&#4781;&#4648;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4840;&#4614;&#4632;&#4653; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#187; (Homeric Question)</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4840;&#4709;&#4825; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634;&#4814;&#4733; &#4853;&#4637;&#4653;? &#4827;&#4652; &#4709;&#4825;&#4814;&#4729; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4618;&#4677; &#4704;&#4811;&#4755;&#4752;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4632;&#4651;&#4813; &#4843;&#4637;&#4755;&#4617;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4899;&#4725;&#4752;&#4725;&#4755; &#4773;&#4653;&#4869;&#4755;</strong> &#8212; &#4901;&#4757;&#4723;&#4810; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4814;&#4733; Iliad &#4757; &#4704;&#4808;&#4899;&#4725;&#4752;&#4721;&#4963; Odyssey &#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4653;&#4869;&#4755;&#4813; &#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;&#4962; &#4704; Iliad &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4673;&#4899; &#4635;&#4821;&#4776;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704; Odyssey &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4755;&#4941;&#4678;&#4725;&#4962; &#171;&#4673;&#4899; &#4843;&#4896;&#4939;&#4621;&#4964; &#4755;&#4941;&#4678;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4843;&#4853;&#4755;&#4621;&#4962;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4675;&#4621; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4768;&#4941; &#4808;&#4848; &#4870;&#4654; &#4720;&#4667;&#4877;&#4654; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4651;&#4657; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650; &#4843;&#4659;&#4840;&#4755;&#4621;&#4966; Phemius &#4840; Odysseus &#4757; &#4873;&#4621;&#4704;&#4725; &#4845;&#4830; &#4658;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#171;&#4651;&#4660;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4653;&#4777; &#4752;&#4765;&#4964; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4877;&#4757; &#4621;&#4841; &#4621;&#4841; &#4828;&#4635; &#4704;&#4621;&#4708; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4781;&#4622;&#4621;&#4763;&#4621;&#4962;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4950;&#4618;&#4725;&#4654;&#4950;&#4661;&#187; (polytropos)</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4709;&#4825; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4843;&#4840;&#187;&#4963; &#171;&#4709;&#4825; &#4632;&#4619; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813;&#187;&#4962; Achilles &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4872;&#4925;&#4723; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4964; Odysseus &#4709;&#4825;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4843;&#4621;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872; &#4656;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4619;&#4616;&#4632;&#4824;&#4632;&#4725; &#4821;&#4709;&#4853; &#4632;&#4661;&#4622; &#4704;&#4635;&#4659;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4904;&#4813; &#4824;&#4651;&#4964; Palamedes &#4629;&#4931;&#4753;&#4757; Telemachus &#4757; &#4776;&#4635;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4938;&#4725; &#4658;&#4843;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4901;&#4704;&#4725; &#4635;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4678;&#4632;&#4964; &#4704;&#4877;&#4853; &#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4635;&#4621;&#4781;&#4721;</strong> &#8212; Zeus &#4704;&#4768;&#4635;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4873;&#4707;&#4772; &#4938;&#4725; &#171;&#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4632;&#4776;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813; &#4776;&#4773;&#4763; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4632;&#4899; &#4773;&#4843;&#4617; &#4704;&#4768;&#4635;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4843;&#4659;&#4709;&#4707;&#4617;&#4964; &#4773;&#4752;&#4653;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4752;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4776;&#4651; &#4843;&#4872;&#4763;&#4617;&#4962;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4843;&#4635;&#4653;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962; Poseidon &#4621;&#4865; &#4661;&#4616;&#4723;&#4808;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725; &#4845;&#4896;&#4619;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; Athena &#4709;&#4621;&#4613; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752; &#4725;&#4808;&#4848;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>William Gladstone</strong> &#8212; Iliad &#4757;&#4755; Odyssey &#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4851; &#4656;&#4813; &#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4637; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4616;&#4632;&#4637;&#4651;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4872;&#4813;&#4757; &#4645;&#4752; &#4637;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653; &#4843;&#4872;&#4763;&#4621; &#4709;&#4622; &#4843;&#4637;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 2 &#8212; &#4776; Troy &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; Ithaca&#4966; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813; (&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4720;&#4752;&#4659;&#4669;&#4752;&#4721;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4632;&#4653;&#4776;&#4710;&#4733;&#4963; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4962; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4770;&#4723;&#4779; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4653;&#4656;&#4813; Odysseus &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Ismarus</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Cicones &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4720;&#4824;&#4648;&#4936;&#4733;&#4964; &#4843; &#4808;&#4845;&#4757; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4845;&#4896;&#4677;&#4635;&#4621;&#4962; &#171;&#4936;&#4901;&#4752;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4610;&#4853;! &#4840;&#4658;&#4782;&#4756;&#4661; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4845;&#4632;&#4899;&#4621;!&#187; &#4706;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4656;&#4633;&#4637;&#4964; &#4656;&#4707; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4768;&#4616;&#4673;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Lotus-Eaters</strong> &#8212; &#4941;&#4652;&#4813; &#4708;&#4725;&#4757;&#4963; &#4634;&#4661;&#4725;&#4757;&#4963; &#4621;&#4869;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4648;&#4659;&#4621;&#4962; &#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4757; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4704;&#4877;&#4853; &#4878;&#4725;&#4726; &#4768;&#4656;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Polyphemus</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729; &#171;&#4768;&#4845;&#4705;&#4757; &#4808;&#4661;&#4848;&#4757; &#4941;&#4840;&#4622;&#4729;&#4757; &#4752;&#4853;&#4720;&#4757; &#4726;&#4622; &#4773;&#4757;&#4669;&#4669;!&#187; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4616;&#4632;&#4753;&#4725;&#4964; &#4773;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#171;&#4768;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4811;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4725; &#4635;&#4840;&#4725; &#4773;&#4936;&#4621;&#4875;&#4616;&#4609;&#4964; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851; &#4661;&#4902;&#4723; &#4845;&#4656;&#4896;&#4765; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621;&#187; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4720;&#4704;&#4617;&#4962; &#4877;&#4825;&#4937;&#4757; &#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4845; &#4635;&#4757;&#4659;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4733;&#4616;&#4813; &#4773;&#4657; &#4709;&#4731; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752; &#4632;&#4877;&#4848;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4731;&#4621;&#4637;&#4964; &#4635;&#4659;&#4808;&#4653; &#4709;&#4731;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4633; &#8216;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#8217;</strong> &#8212; &#4659;&#4845;&#4781;&#4622;&#4949;&#4657; &#4658;&#4896;&#4845;&#4672;&#4813; &#171;&#4661;&#4636; &#8216;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#8217; (Outis) &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4773;&#4755;&#4724;&#4755; &#4768;&#4707;&#4724;&#4963; &#4808;&#4851;&#4870;&#4732;&#4637; &#4609;&#4617; &#8216;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#8217; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4845;&#4896;&#4649;&#4763;&#4621;&#4962;&#187; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4962; &#4819;&#4845;&#4753; &#4658;&#4808;&#4875; &#171;&#4808;&#4851;&#4870;&#4732;! &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4704;&#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4721; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4765;! &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4618;&#4843;&#4896;&#4939;&#4765; &#4752;&#4813;!&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4910;&#4792;&#4964; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4726;&#4729;&#4637; &#4901;&#4616;&#4813;&#4725; &#4612;&#4849;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4704;&#4878;&#4729; &#4614;&#4853; &#4645;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729; &#4776;&#4704;&#4878;&#4729; &#4614;&#4853; &#4645;&#4653; &#4720;&#4757;&#4896;&#4621;&#4901;&#4616;&#4813; &#4808;&#4897;&#4964; Odysseus &#4776;&#4768;&#4813;&#4651;&#4813; &#4704;&#4877; &#4645;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4821;&#4706;&#4725; (hubris)</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4632;&#4653;&#4776;&#4705; &#4619;&#4845; &#4614;&#4758; &#171;&#4950;&#4618;&#4938;&#4638;&#4661;! &#4819;&#4845;&#4757;&#4613;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4808;&#4648;&#4813; &#8216;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#8217; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;! &#4840;&#4619;&#4772;&#4653;&#4724;&#4661; &#4621;&#4869; &#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#4752;&#4813;! &#4840;&#4770;&#4723;&#4779; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645;!&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4910;&#4792;&#4962; &#4843; &#4905;&#4792;&#4725; &#4840; Poseidon &#4757; &#4773;&#4653;&#4877;&#4635;&#4757; &#4768;&#4632;&#4899;&#4964; &#4773;&#4653;&#4877;&#4635;&#4753;&#4637; &#4675;&#4621; &#4704;&#4675;&#4621; &#4720;&#4936;&#4920;&#4632;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Aeolus</strong> &#8212; &#4752;&#4939;&#4659;&#4721; &#4704;&#4776;&#4648;&#4898;&#4725; &#4723;&#4661;&#4648;&#4813; &#4720;&#4656;&#4897;&#4725;&#4962; &#4616;&#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4672;&#4755;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4720;&#4763; &#4776;&#4752;&#4851; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4770;&#4723;&#4779; &#4661;&#4725;&#4723;&#4845; &#4768;&#4757;&#4672;&#4619;&#4939;&#4964; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677; &#4632;&#4661;&#4623;&#4728;&#4813; &#4776;&#4648;&#4898;&#4721;&#4757; &#4936;&#4721;&#4725;&#4964; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4656;&#4813; &#4720;&#4808;&#4648;&#4808;&#4649;&#4962; Aeolus &#171;&#4768;&#4635;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4845;&#4896;&#4617;&#4611;&#4621;! &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4872;&#4637;&#4781; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4613;&#4964; &#4776;&#4848;&#4660;&#4724; &#4813;&#4899;!&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4768;&#4707;&#4648;&#4648;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Laestrygonians</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4632;&#4653;&#4776;&#4710;&#4733; &#4704;&#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4845; &#4720;&#4656;&#4707;&#4709;&#4648;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848;&#4633;&#4964; &#4776;&#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4709;&#4731; &#4672;&#4649;&#4962; &#4840; Odysseus &#4632;&#4653;&#4776;&#4709; &#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4733;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Circe</strong> &#8212; &#4877;&#4635;&#4670;&#4729;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4659;&#4635; &#4616;&#4808;&#4896;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; Eurylochus &#4661;&#4616;&#4720;&#4896;&#4651;&#4896;&#4648; &#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4962; Hermes &#171;&#4638;&#4618;&#187; (Moly) &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4821;&#4933; &#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4964; &#4768;&#4661;&#4635;&#4721; &#4776;&#4664;&#4936;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4633;&#4617; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4678;&#4841;&#4964; &#4843; &#4637;&#4734;&#4725; &#4651;&#4657; &#4620;&#4619; &#4840;&#4622;&#4720;&#4661; &#4936;&#4720;&#4755; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; (Nekyia)</strong> &#8212; Tiresias &#4725;&#4757;&#4706;&#4721;&#4757; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Helios &#4776;&#4709;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; Eurylochus &#171;&#4704;&#4648;&#4611;&#4709; &#4776;&#4637;&#4757;&#4638;&#4725; &#4776;&#4709;&#4726;&#4729;&#4757; &#4768;&#4653;&#4848;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4709;&#4619;&#4964; &#4808;&#4848; &#4770;&#4723;&#4779; &#4661;&#4757;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4616;&#4612;&#4618;&#4846;&#4661; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4677;&#4848;&#4661; &#4773;&#4757;&#4640;&#4651;&#4616;&#4723;&#4616;&#4757;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4768;&#4659;&#4632;&#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4704;&#4656;&#4813; &#4645;&#4875; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4768;&#4808;&#4899;&#4962; &#4632;&#4709;&#4648;&#4677; &#4632;&#4653;&#4776;&#4711;&#4757; &#4656;&#4707;&#4704;&#4648;&#4964; &#4776; Odysseus &#4704;&#4672;&#4653; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;&#4673;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Calypso</strong> &#8212; &#4638;&#4725; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4824;&#4619;&#4616;&#4635;&#4810; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4768;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4733;&#4616;&#4725;&#4964; &#4773;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#171;&#4768;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637;!&#187; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4661;&#4633; &#4651;&#4657; &#171;&#4632;&#4664;&#4936;&#4757;/&#4632;&#4848;&#4704;&#4677;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4872;&#4752;&#4725; &#4709;&#4725;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637; &#4616;&#4773;&#4657; &#4840;&#4808;&#4653;&#4677; &#4773;&#4661;&#4653; &#4708;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733;&#4962; &#4616;&#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4707;&#4629;&#4649; &#4851;&#4653;&#4731; &#4768;&#4616;&#4672;&#4656;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Phaeacians</strong> &#8212; Alcinous &#4773;&#4755; Arete &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4896;&#4845;&#4673; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4617;&#4725;&#4962; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4813; Demodocus &#4661;&#4616; &#4725;&#4654;&#4845; &#4658;&#4824;&#4637;&#4653; &#4768;&#4616;&#4672;&#4656;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4872;&#4621;&#4902; &#4633;&#4617; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777;&#4757; &#4720;&#4648;&#4776;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Ithaca &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4726; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4768;&#4632;&#4757;&#4829;&#4651; &#4936;&#4619;&#4874;&#4814;&#4733; &#4708;&#4721;&#4757; &#4638;&#4621;&#4720;&#4813;&#4723;&#4621;&#4962; Penelope &#171;&#4840;&#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#4768;&#4707;&#4725; &#4840;&#4619;&#4772;&#4653;&#4724;&#4661; &#4840;&#4672;&#4709;&#4653; &#4664;&#4635; &#4661;&#4904;&#4653;&#4661; &#4707;&#4621; &#4773;&#4632;&#4653;&#4899;&#4616;&#4609;&#187; &#4709;&#4619; &#4616;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4672;&#4757; &#4664;&#4637;&#4755; &#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4773;&#4840;&#4704;&#4899;&#4896;&#4656;&#4733; &#4768;&#4824;&#4872;&#4840;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; Athena &#4704; Mentor &#4768;&#4637;&#4659;&#4621; Telemachus &#4757; &#4808;&#4848; Pylos &#4773;&#4755; Sparta &#4619;&#4776;&#4733;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4672;&#4661;&#4721;&#4755; &#4941;&#4653;&#4849;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4901;&#4648;&#4706;&#4843; &#4672;&#4851;&#4851;&#4814;&#4733; &#4843;&#4659;&#4616;&#4936;&#4813; &#4616;&#4635;&#4761; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#171;&#4773;&#4756; &#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#4752;&#4765;!&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4910;&#4792;&#4964; &#4632;&#4726; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4721;&#4637; &#4768;&#4632;&#4757;&#4829;&#4654;&#4733; &#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4617;&#4962;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 3 &#8212; &#4909;&#4709;&#4902;&#4733;&#4755; &#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4810; &#4720;&#4933;&#4821;&#4758; (&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;)</h2><h3>Nostos &#4755; Nostalgia</h3><p>&#171;&#4758;&#4661;&#4726;&#4661;&#187; (nostos) &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#171;&#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4725; &#4632;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4776;&#171;&#4768;&#4621;&#4878;&#4661;&#187; (algos - &#4661;&#4675;&#4845;) &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4899;&#4637;&#4654; &#171;&#4758;&#4661;&#4723;&#4621;&#4866;&#4843;&#187; &#4614;&#4752;&#4962;</p><h3>Xenia</h3><p>&#4828;&#4769;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#171;&#4828;&#4769;&#4661; &#4828;&#4754;&#4846;&#4661;&#187; (Zeus Xenios) &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851; &#4720;&#4672;&#4707;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4629;&#4877; &#4896;&#4707;&#4674; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; Polyphemus &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851;&#4813;&#4757; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4704;&#4619;&#4964; Laestrygonians &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4609;&#4962; Phaeacians &#4941;&#4921;&#4637; &#4637;&#4659;&#4620; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; Circe &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4629;&#4873;&#4757; &#4768;&#4941;&#4653;&#4659; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4853;&#4757;&#4677; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4869; &#4614;&#4752;&#4733;&#4962; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4776;&#4939;&#4813; &#4901;&#4656;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4726; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4721; &#4768;&#4632;&#4757;&#4829;&#4654;&#4733; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4721;&#4637; &#4629;&#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4673; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4659;&#4616; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851; &#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4872;&#4709;&#4720;&#4813; &#4824;&#4651;&#4938;&#4814;&#4733; &#4614;&#4753;&#4962;</p><h3>Kleos &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4672;&#4619;&#4621; &#4848;&#4661;&#4723;</h3><p>&#171;&#4781;&#4618;&#4846;&#4661;&#187; (kleos) &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4829;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; Achilles &#4781;&#4618;&#4846;&#4661;&#4757; &#4632;&#4653;&#4902; &#4638;&#4720;&#4962; &#4704;&#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4877;&#4757; &#171;&#4661;&#4616; &#4638;&#4725; &#4768;&#4723;&#4925;&#4755;&#4755;&#4765; &#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;! &#4704;&#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4619;&#4845; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4776;&#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4845;&#4621;&#4677;&#4963; &#4704;&#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4853;&#4611; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652; &#4720;&#4651; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4845; &#4614;&#4764; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4632;&#4758;&#4653;&#4757; &#4773;&#4632;&#4653;&#4899;&#4616;&#4609;!&#187; &#4709;&#4622; Iliad &#4840;&#4872;&#4752;&#4707;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757;&#4709; &#4843;&#4936;&#4653;&#4656;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962;</p><h3>&#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4810; &#4720;&#4933;&#4821;&#4758;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>James Joyce&#4963; &#171;&#4841;&#4618;&#4658;&#4661;&#187; (Ulysses&#4963; 1922)</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4848;&#4709;&#4618;&#4757;&#4963; &#4704;&#4865;&#4757; 16 &#4672;&#4757; 1904 &#4773;.&#4772;.&#4768;. &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4634;&#4779;&#4612;&#4853;&#4964; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4942;&#4733; &#4776; Odyssey &#4875;&#4653; &#4845;&#4827;&#4632;&#4851;&#4617;&#4962; Leopold Bloom &#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4810;&#4813; Odysseus&#4963; Molly Bloom &#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4810;&#4811; Penelope&#4963; Stephen Dedalus &#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4810;&#4813; Telemachus&#4962; &#4704;&#4840;&#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#171;&#4709;&#4617;&#4637;&#4661; &#4852;&#4845;&#187; (Bloomsday) &#4845;&#4776;&#4704;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;O Brother, Where Art Thou?&#8221; (2000)</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Coen Brothers &#4938;&#4621;&#4637;&#4964; &#4707;&#4616; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4845;&#4753; &#4840;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4677;&#4849;&#4661; &#4667;&#4909;&#4963; &#4704;&#4808;&#4757;&#4829; &#4851;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4828;&#4633;&#4725; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733;&#4755; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752; &#4661;&#4813;&#4649; &#4725;&#4757;&#4706;&#4725; &#4752;&#4875;&#4650;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Margaret Atwood&#4963; &#171;The Penelopiad&#187; (2005)</strong> &#8212; &#4616; Penelope &#4773;&#4755; &#4616;&#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4617;&#4725; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4846;&#4733; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4656;&#4896;&#4733;&#4962;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4840;&#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781;</h3><p>George Chapman (1616) &#8212; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4633; John Keats &#4757; &#171;&#4621;&#4781; &#4768;&#4850;&#4661; &#4949;&#4619;&#4756;&#4725; &#4704;&#4656;&#4635;&#4845; &#4619;&#4845; &#4843;&#4840;&#4609; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4720;&#4656;&#4635;&#4765;&#187; &#4773;&#4661;&#4778;&#4621; &#4768;&#4661;&#4848;&#4752;&#4672;&#4813;&#4962; Emily Wilson (2017) &#4704;&#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829;&#4763; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4878;&#4632;&#4733; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4811; &#4660;&#4725; &#4614;&#4752;&#4733;&#4964; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4661;&#4757;&#4765; &#171;Tell me about a complicated man&#187; &#4709;&#4619; &#4864;&#4632;&#4648;&#4733;&#4962;</p><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4813;&#4664;&#4723;&#4637;?</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4721;&#4757; &#4845;&#4678;&#4901;&#4651;&#4621;&#4966; &#4811;&#4667;&#4813;&#4963; &#4840;&#4725;&#4654;&#4845; &#4936;&#4648;&#4661;&#4963; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4851;&#4757; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4616;&#4768;&#4848;&#4875; &#4635;&#4875;&#4616;&#4897;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4853;&#4653;&#4709; &#4634;&#4827;&#4753;&#4757; &#4723;&#4752;&#4659;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; Penelope &#4611;&#4843; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4661;&#4725;&#4896;&#4709;&#4677; &#4773;&#4657; &#4776; Circe &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725;&#4963; &#4776; Calypso &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4768;&#4659;&#4621;&#4943;&#4621;&#4962; <strong>&#4813;&#4659;&#4756;&#4843;&#4728;&#4813;&#4966;</strong> &#4864;&#4877;&#4755;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4813;&#4664;&#4723;&#4637;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#171;&#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4721;&#4637; &#4773;&#4763;&#4753; &#4845;&#4632;&#4661;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962;&#187; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4725; &#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4725; &#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653; &#4776;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4635;&#4723;&#4616;&#4621; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621;&#4962; Homer &#4632;&#4621;&#4657;&#4757; &#4616;&#4768;&#4853;&#4635;&#4905; &#4613;&#4618;&#4755; &#4845;&#4720;&#4808;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Penelope</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4704;&#4925;&#4755;&#4725; &#4725;&#4704;&#4621;&#4896;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733; &#4709;&#4619; &#4725;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4651;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; &#4843; &#4925;&#4755;&#4725; &#4636;&#4851;&#4618;&#4843; &#4768;&#4845;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4840;&#4664;&#4635;&#4813; &#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4725; &#4776;&#171;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#187; &#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4725; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4632;&#4899;&#4899;&#4765; &#4752;&#4813;&#4966; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4757;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4855; &#4781;&#4653;&#4755; &#4664;&#4635;&#4757; &#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4632;&#4733;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4708;&#4725;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4637;&#4757; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;?</strong> &#8212; Thomas Wolfe &#171;&#4808;&#4848; &#4672;&#4853;&#4638;&#4813; &#4708;&#4725;&#4613; &#4851;&#4877;&#4637; &#4632;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4768;&#4725;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637;&#187; &#4709;&#4623;&#4621;&#4962; Odysseus &#4658;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4813;&#4667;&#4813; &#4638;&#4727;&#4621;&#4963; &#4621;&#4865; &#4720;&#4616;&#4813;&#4903;&#4621;&#4963; &#4708;&#4721; &#4720;&#4704;&#4781;&#4623;&#4621;&#4964; &#4768;&#4621;&#4875;&#4813;&#4755; Penelope &#4877;&#4757; &#4843;&#4813; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; <strong>&#4853;&#4637;&#4851;&#4636;&#4843;&#4728;&#4813;&#4966;</strong> &#4708;&#4725; &#4866;&#4774;&#4877;&#4651;&#4938; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757;&#4761;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>PTSD</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; Odysseus &#4757; &#4776;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#4723;&#4752;&#4707;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; Jonathan Shay &#4757; &#4845;&#4896;&#4677;&#4659;&#4621;&#4966; &#171;Odysseus in America&#187; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4840;&#4645;&#4752; &#4768;&#4773;&#4637;&#4654; &#4624;&#4778;&#4637; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;&#4635;&#4632;&#4757;&#4963; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4632;&#4848;&#4704;&#4677;&#4755; &#4776;&#4632;&#4896;&#4757; &#4843;&#4616;&#4936; &#4757;&#4675;&#4725; (hyper-vigilance) &#4776;&#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4657; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4654;&#4733; &#4875;&#4653; &#4768;&#4872;&#4755;&#4760;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4779;&#4617; &#4770;&#4723;&#4779; &#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4964; &#4768;&#4773;&#4637;&#4654;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757;&#4637; &#4725;&#4654;&#4845; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4619;&#4845; &#4845;&#4872;&#4763;&#4621;?</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4770;&#4723;&#4778; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4653;&#4707;&#4725; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725; &#4755;&#4725;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4632;&#4651;&#4635;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733; &#4877;&#4757; &#4780;&#4939;&#4622;&#4754;&#4843; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4707;&#4810; &#4637;&#4619;&#4661; &#4755;&#4725; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; Eratosthenes &#4757; &#4845;&#4896;&#4677;&#4659;&#4621;&#4966; &#171;&#4840;&#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;&#4757; &#4840;&#4873;&#4830; &#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733; &#4840;&#4637;&#4723;&#4872;&#4761;&#4725; &#4840;&#4752;&#4939;&#4659;&#4721;&#4757; &#4776;&#4648;&#4898;&#4725; &#4840;&#4656;&#4939;&#4813;&#4757; &#4678;&#4851; &#4656;&#4938; &#4661;&#4723;&#4872;&#4761; &#4752;&#4813;&#187;&#4964; &#4672;&#4621;&#4849;&#4757; &#4843;&#4678;&#4840;&#4621;&#4757; Strabo &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; <strong>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966;</strong> &#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4704;&#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4619;&#4845; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4621;&#4709; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</h3><ol><li><p>Dante Alighieri &#4704;&#171;&#4770;&#4757;&#4936;&#4653;&#4758;&#187; (Inferno) 26&#4763; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; Odysseus &#4757; &#4704;&#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4781;&#4704;&#4709;&#4963; &#4704;&#4768;&#4723;&#4619;&#4846;&#4733;&#4755; &#4704;&#4781;&#4937; &#4768;&#4635;&#4779;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#171;&#4636;&#4757;&#4726;&#4653;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829;&#4763; &#4675;&#4621; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; Athena Telemachus &#4757; &#4621;&#4725;&#4632;&#4651;&#4813; &#4661;&#4725;&#4632;&#4899; &#4776;&#4720;&#4632;&#4656;&#4616;&#4733;&#4704;&#4725; Mentor &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4808;&#4848; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683;&#4814;&#4729; &#4840;&#4872;&#4707;&#4813; &#4940;&#4756;&#4622;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616; &#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4810; &#4840; Telemachus &#4757; &#4873;&#4830; &#4632;&#4640;&#4648;&#4725; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4878; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4776;&#4923;&#4936; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4824;&#4632;&#4648; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4964; &#4611;&#4843; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4840;&#4776;&#4936;&#4617;&#4725; &#4840;&#4773;&#4661;&#4781;&#4757;&#4853;&#4653;&#4843; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4618;&#4675;&#4813;&#4757;&#4725; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4963; &#4616;&#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4938;&#4848;&#4621; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4962; &#4633;&#4617; &#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4875;&#4939; &#4840;&#4709;&#4651;&#4755; &#4677;&#4866;&#4814;&#4733; &#4776;&#4816;&#4645;&#4648;&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;&#4726; &#4781;&#4941;&#4616; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4897; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>&#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4901;&#4677;&#4662;&#4733;</h2><blockquote><p>&#171;&#4661;&#4636; &#8216;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#8217; (Outis) &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4773;&#4755;&#4724;&#4755; &#4768;&#4707;&#4724;&#4963; &#4808;&#4851;&#4870;&#4732;&#4637; &#4609;&#4617; &#8216;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#8217; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4845;&#4896;&#4649;&#4763;&#4621;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>Odysseus</em></p><p>&#171;&#4950;&#4618;&#4938;&#4638;&#4661;! &#4819;&#4845;&#4757;&#4613;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4808;&#4648;&#4813; &#8216;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#8217; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;! &#4840;&#4619;&#4772;&#4653;&#4724;&#4661; &#4621;&#4869; &#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661; &#4752;&#4813;! &#4840;&#4770;&#4723;&#4779; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645;!&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>Odysseus</em></p><p>&#171;&#4661;&#4616; &#4638;&#4725; &#4768;&#4723;&#4925;&#4755;&#4755;&#4765; &#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;! &#4704;&#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4619;&#4845; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4776;&#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4845;&#4621;&#4677;&#4963; &#4704;&#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4853;&#4611; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652; &#4720;&#4651; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4845; &#4614;&#4764; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4632;&#4758;&#4653;&#4757; &#4773;&#4632;&#4653;&#4899;&#4616;&#4609;!&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>Achilles&#4963; &#4704;&#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4875; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4618;&#4843;&#4757;&#4672;&#4659;&#4677;&#4656;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637;! &#4773;&#4756; &#4651;&#4660; &#4776;&#4629;&#4843;&#4813; &#4840;&#4808;&#4845;&#4651; &#4827;&#4941; &#4877;&#4757;&#4853; &#4678;&#4653;&#4908; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4640;&#4651;&#4609;&#4725;&#4964; &#4827;&#4937; &#4776;&#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4875;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4843;&#4843;&#4824; &#4840;&#4768;&#4621;&#4875;&#4813; &#4773;&#4877;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4827;&#4937; &#4779;&#4621;&#4720;&#4678;&#4648;&#4896; &#4704;&#4672;&#4653; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4843;&#4757;&#4672;&#4659;&#4677;&#4656;&#4813;&#4637;!&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>Odysseus</em></p><p>&#171;&#4651;&#4660;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4653;&#4777; &#4752;&#4765;&#4964; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4877;&#4757; &#4621;&#4841; &#4621;&#4841; &#4828;&#4635; &#4704;&#4621;&#4708; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4781;&#4622;&#4621;&#4763;&#4621;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>Phemius</em></p><p>&#171;&#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4632;&#4776;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813; &#4776;&#4773;&#4763; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4632;&#4899; &#4773;&#4843;&#4617; &#4704;&#4768;&#4635;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4843;&#4659;&#4709;&#4707;&#4617;&#4964; &#4773;&#4752;&#4653;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4752;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4776;&#4651; &#4843;&#4872;&#4763;&#4617;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>Zeus</em></p><p>&#171;Tell me about a complicated man&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>Emily Wilson (2017)</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>&#4661;&#4638;&#4733;&#4755; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;</h2><h3>&#4656;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Homer</strong> &#8212; Iliad &#4757;&#4755; Odyssey &#4757; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721; &#4776;&#4877;&#4901;&#4638;&#4729; &#4813;&#4906; &#4840;&#4634;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677; &#4773;&#4637;&#4709;&#4827;&#4637; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>Odysseus</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Ithaca &#4757;&#4873;&#4645;&#4964; &#171;&#4950;&#4618;&#4725;&#4654;&#4950;&#4661;&#187;&#4964; &#4611;&#4843; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4776;&#4708;&#4721; &#4840;&#4651;&#4672;</p></li><li><p><strong>Penelope</strong> &#8212; &#4634;&#4661;&#4721;&#4964; &#4840;&#4664;&#4635;&#4813;&#4757; &#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4725; &#4840;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648;&#4733;&#4755; &#4840;&#4768;&#4621;&#4875;&#4813;&#4757; &#4936;&#4720;&#4755; &#4840;&#4656;&#4896;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>Telemachus</strong> &#8212; &#4621;&#4865;&#4964; &#4704;&#4635;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4938;&#4725; &#4720;&#4672;&#4637;&#4902; &#4768;&#4707;&#4721;&#4757; &#4843;&#4875;&#4616;&#4896; &#4629;&#4931;&#4757;&#4963; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840; Pylos &#4755; &#4840; Sparta &#4720;&#4883;&#4837;</p></li><li><p><strong>Achilles</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Iliad &#4864;&#4877;&#4755;&#4964; &#4704;&#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653;&#4757; &#4840;&#4779;&#4848;</p></li><li><p><strong>Palamedes</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Odysseus &#4757; &#4840;&#4821;&#4709;&#4848;&#4725; &#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4725; &#4843;&#4875;&#4616;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>Polyphemus</strong> &#8212; &#4707;&#4616; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4845;&#4753; &#4659;&#4845;&#4781;&#4622;&#4949;&#4661;&#4964; &#4840; Poseidon &#4621;&#4869;</p></li><li><p><strong>Circe</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Aeaea &#4768;&#4661;&#4635;&#4720;&#4763;&#4964; &#4840;&#4928;&#4624;&#4845; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4621;&#4869;</p></li><li><p><strong>Calypso</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Ogygia &#4754;&#4637;&#4941;&#4964; &#4661;&#4639; &#171;&#4632;&#4664;&#4936;&#4757;/&#4632;&#4848;&#4704;&#4677;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>Eurylochus</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Odysseus &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763; &#4632;&#4650;&#4964; &#4704; Circe &#4708;&#4725; &#4720;&#4896;&#4651;&#4901;&#4654; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4963; &#4704; Helios &#4776;&#4709;&#4726;&#4733; &#4877;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4632;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>Tiresias</strong> &#8212; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752; &#4661;&#4813;&#4649; &#4752;&#4706;&#4845;</p></li><li><p><strong>Aeolus</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4752;&#4939;&#4659;&#4725; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645;</p></li><li><p><strong>Eumaeus</strong> &#8212; &#4723;&#4635;&#4761; &#4768;&#4659;&#4635; &#4896;&#4707;&#4674;</p></li><li><p><strong>Eurycleia</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4654;&#4874;&#4727; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4845;&#4964; &#4896;&#4707;&#4659;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4808;&#4672;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>Argos</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4654;&#4876;&#4813; &#4813;&#4667;&#4964; &#4876;&#4723;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4813;&#4678; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>Antinous</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4632;&#4757;&#4829;&#4651;&#4964; &#4704;&#4616;&#4635;&#4761; &#4619;&#4845; &#4808;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653; &#4840;&#4808;&#4648;&#4808;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>Nausicaa</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Phaeacia &#4621;&#4821;&#4621;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Alcinous</strong> &#4773;&#4755; <strong>Arete</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Phaeacia &#4757;&#4873;&#4645;&#4755; &#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Demodocus</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Phaeacia &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;</p></li><li><p><strong>Phemius</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Ithaca &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4964; &#4704; Telemachus &#4637;&#4621;&#4867; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>Menelaus</strong> &#4773;&#4755; <strong>Helen</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Sparta &#4757;&#4873;&#4645;&#4755; &#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Zeus</strong>&#4963; <strong>Poseidon</strong>&#4963; <strong>Athena</strong>&#4963; <strong>Hermes</strong> &#8212; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4757;&#4672;&#4659;&#4677;&#4657; &#4768;&#4635;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>William Gladstone</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4896;&#4677;&#4619;&#4845; &#4634;&#4754;&#4661;&#4725;&#4653; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4877;&#4901;&#4638;&#4733; &#4645;&#4752; &#4637;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>James Joyce</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4841;&#4618;&#4658;&#4661;&#187; (1922)</p></li><li><p><strong>Coen Brothers</strong> &#8212; &#8220;O Brother, Where Art Thou?&#8221; (2000)</p></li><li><p><strong>Margaret Atwood</strong> &#8212; &#171;The Penelopiad&#187; (2005)</p></li><li><p><strong>George Chapman</strong> (1616)&#4963; <strong>Emily Wilson</strong> (2017) &#8212; &#4720;&#4653;&#4883;&#4634;&#4814;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>John Keats</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Chapman &#4757; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4768;&#4757;&#4709;&#4710; &#4829;&#4752;&#4763;&#4813;&#4757; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>Thomas Wolfe</strong> &#8212; &#171;You Can&#8217;t Go Home Again&#187; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;</p></li><li><p><strong>Jonathan Shay</strong> &#8212; &#171;Odysseus in America&#187; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936; &#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779;&#4810; &#4840;&#4645;&#4752; &#4768;&#4773;&#4637;&#4654; &#4624;&#4778;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>Eratosthenes</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4773;&#4661;&#4781;&#4757;&#4853;&#4653;&#4843; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4739;&#4619;&#4938;&#4964; &#4840;&#4637;&#4853;&#4653;&#4757; &#4825;&#4650;&#4843; &#4616;&#4781;&#4726; &#4843;&#4656;&#4619;&#4964; &#171;&#4708;&#4723;&#187; &#4845;&#4707;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>Strabo</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Eratosthenes &#4757; &#4672;&#4621;&#4853; &#4843;&#4678;&#4840;&#4621;&#4757; &#4840;&#4866;&#4774;&#4877;&#4651;&#4938; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;</p></li><li><p><strong>Dante Alighieri</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4770;&#4757;&#4936;&#4653;&#4758;&#187; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; Odysseus &#4757; &#4840;&#4936;&#4648;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Ithaca</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Odysseus &#4848;&#4660;&#4725;&#4964; &#4827;&#4652; &#4770;&#4723;&#4778; &#4725;&#4707;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>Troy</strong> &#8212; &#4816;&#4645;&#4653; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4840;&#4936;&#4864;&#4813; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723;</p></li><li><p><strong>Ismarus</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Cicones &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4964; &#4808;&#4845;&#4753; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Telepylus</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Laestrygonians &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4964; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4632;&#4653;&#4776;&#4710;&#4733; &#4840;&#4808;&#4848;&#4633;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Aeaea</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Circe &#4848;&#4660;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Thrinacia</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Helios &#4677;&#4849;&#4659;&#4757; &#4776;&#4709;&#4726;&#4733; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Ogygia</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Calypso &#4848;&#4660;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Phaeacia</strong> &#8212; &#4774;&#4850;&#4658;&#4840;&#4661;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4853;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4672;&#4709;&#4619; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4721; &#4840;&#4619;&#4776;&#4733;&#4813; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>Pylos</strong> &#4773;&#4755; <strong>Sparta</strong> &#8212; Telemachus &#4661;&#4616; &#4768;&#4707;&#4721; &#4616;&#4632;&#4896;&#4840;&#4677; &#4840;&#4612;&#4848;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>Dublin</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#171;&#4841;&#4618;&#4658;&#4661;&#187; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4933;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>polytropos</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4709;&#4825; &#4632;&#4619; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813;&#187;&#4963; &#171;&#4709;&#4825; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4843;&#4840;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>nostos</strong> &#4773;&#4755; <strong>nostalgia</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4725; &#4632;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661;&#187; &#4773;&#4755; &#171;&#4840;&#4708;&#4725; &#4755;&#4941;&#4678;&#4725; &#4629;&#4632;&#4637;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>xenia</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851; &#4720;&#4672;&#4707;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4677;&#4849;&#4661; &#4629;&#4877;&#4964; &#4896;&#4707;&#4674;&#4813; &#171;&#4828;&#4769;&#4661; &#4828;&#4754;&#4846;&#4661;&#187; (Zeus Xenios)</p></li><li><p><strong>kleos</strong> &#8212; &#4829;&#4755;&#4963; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653;&#4963; &#4616;&#4824;&#4619;&#4616;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4901;&#4621; &#4840;&#4864;&#4877;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>hubris</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4821;&#4706;&#4725;&#4964; &#4776;&#4811;&#4667;&#4813; &#4632;&#4813;&#4907; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4910;&#4792;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>Moly</strong> &#8212; Hermes &#4840;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4963; &#4840; Circe &#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4635;&#4725; &#4843;&#4776;&#4664;&#4936; &#4821;&#4933;</p></li><li><p><strong>Outis</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>Cyclopes</strong> &#8212; &#4629;&#4877; &#4840;&#4620;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4707;&#4616; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4845;&#4757; &#4877;&#4825;&#4942;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>PTSD (hyper-vigilance)</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4899; &#4645;&#4752; &#4621;&#4710;&#4755;&#4810; &#4672;&#4813;&#4661;&#4755; &#4776;&#4632;&#4896;&#4757; &#4843;&#4616;&#4936; &#4757;&#4675;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Bloomsday</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4840;&#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4865;&#4757; 16 &#4840;&#4634;&#4776;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4813;&#4664;&#4723;&#4637;?</strong> &#4616;&#4632;&#4851;&#4757; &#4658;&#4707;&#4621; &#4632;&#4811;&#4664;&#4725; &#4704;&#4645;&#4752; &#4637;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653; &#4720;&#4672;&#4707;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;? Homer &#4632;&#4621;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4656;&#4901;&#4637;&#4962; &#4773;&#4755;&#4757;&#4720; &#4840;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4723;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4897;&#4723;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4853;&#4653;&#4709; &#4634;&#4827;&#4757;&#4962;</strong> Penelope &#4611;&#4843; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4661;&#4725;&#4896;&#4709;&#4677; Odysseus &#4776; Circe &#4755; &#4776; Calypso &#4875;&#4653; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4768;&#4659;&#4621;&#4943;&#4621;&#4962; &#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4707;&#4629;&#4621; &#4635;&#4709;&#4651;&#4650;&#4843; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4845;&#4704;&#4621;&#4901; &#4720;&#4656;&#4675;&#4840;?</strong> &#4819;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4830;&#4654; &#4843;&#4840;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4896;&#4704;&#4672;&#4733;&#4813; &#4660;&#4725;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4708;&#4725;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4637;&#4757; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;?</strong> &#4710;&#4723; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4877;&#4757;&#4761;&#4752;&#4725;? &#4776;&#4611;&#4843; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4808;&#4848; &#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4851;&#4733;&#4609;&#4704;&#4725; &#4656;&#4936;&#4653; &#4709;&#4725;&#4632;&#4616;&#4657; &#4843;&#4872;&#4763;&#4733;&#4609;&#4725; &#4708;&#4725; &#4840;&#4755;&#4936;&#4675;&#4733;&#4609;&#4725; &#4708;&#4725; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4704;&#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4704;&#4621;&#4709; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;?</strong> &#4840; Polyphemus &#4811;&#4667;&#4755; &#4840;&#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4637;&#4659;&#4620;&#4843;&#4810; &#4757;&#4707;&#4709; &#4776;&#4866;&#4774;&#4877;&#4651;&#4938;&#4843;&#4810; &#4941;&#4616;&#4875; &#4840;&#4720;&#4667;&#4616; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Great Books — George Orwell: Animal Farm (English)]]></title><description><![CDATA[George Orwell: Animal Farm &#8212; &#8220;If liberty means anything at all it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear.&#8221; English edition]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/george-orwell-animal-farm-english</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/george-orwell-animal-farm-english</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2026 05:59:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/217589609/2254bd2d7a4f291a735ccba73fcb2efd.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In the summer of 1944 a writer dug a typescript of about 30,000 words out of the rubble of his bombed flat in north-west London and sent it to a publisher. It came back. It had been refused before, and it would be refused again. No law stood in the way, and no censor had read it. It was a fable about pigs and horses on an English farm, short enough to read in an afternoon, and almost nobody in London wanted to print it. This episode follows the man who wrote it from a police post in Burma to a trench in Spain, then walks through wartime London and the publishers who turned him down, and then goes to the farm itself, where seven sentences are painted in white on a black wall at the end of a barn. Some of those sentences change during the story. One animal can read every change, and he says nothing. Underneath all four parts is one question: how does a free country fall silent when nobody has ordered it to, and is that kind of silence better or worse than being told to keep quiet?</p><div><hr></div><h2>Part 1 &#8212; A Crumpled Typescript (Saba)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>The flying bomb</strong> &#8212; At the end of June 1944 a German flying bomb, a pilotless aircraft Londoners called the doodlebug, came down on Mortimer Crescent in Kilburn. It wrecked the flat of a writer and his wife. Somewhere under the plaster and broken glass was his typescript. He went back and found it, with every page still there.</p></li><li><p><strong>Faber and Faber</strong> &#8212; On 28 June he sent it to Faber and Faber, addressed to one of its directors, the poet TS Eliot. His letter apologised that the typescript had been &#8220;blitzed&#8221; and was in a &#8220;slightly crumpled condition&#8221;, but it was &#8220;not damaged in any way.&#8221; A fortnight later it came back with a refusal.</p></li><li><p><strong>Eric Arthur Blair</strong> &#8212; He was born in June 1903 in Motihari, in the north of British India. His father was a minor official in the government&#8217;s Opium Department. The son later called his family &#8220;lower-upper-middle class&#8221;: people with the manners of the gentry and without the money. He got into Eton by winning a scholarship. He did not go to university.</p></li><li><p><strong>Moulmein</strong> &#8212; In 1922 he joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, the armed force that kept a colonial population in order, and served five years. In his essay &#8220;Shooting an Elephant&#8221; he wrote that in Moulmein he was hated by large numbers of people. He was the man who carried out the orders face to face in the street, not the man who wrote them. In 1927 he came home on leave and did not go back. The service &#8220;did not suit&#8221; him, he wrote, and it made him hate imperialism.</p></li><li><p><strong>Down and out</strong> &#8212; He lived in cheap rooms in Paris and worked as a dishwasher when the money ran out. Back in England he tramped with the homeless, slept in lodging houses and picked hops in Kent, and he wrote it all down.</p></li><li><p><strong>Four names</strong> &#8212; In 1932 Victor Gollancz agreed to publish a book made from those years. Blair did not want his family embarrassed, so he sent his agent four pen names: P S Burton, Kenneth Miles, George Orwell and H Lewis Allways. The third won. George is the patron saint of England, and the Orwell is a river in Suffolk that he knew and liked. <em>Down and Out in Paris and London</em> appeared early in 1933. He never changed his name in law, and his headstone in an Oxfordshire churchyard carries the name he was born with.</p></li><li><p><strong>Spain</strong> &#8212; In 1936 Orwell moved into a cottage in Wallington, Hertfordshire, which had once been the village shop. In June he married Eileen O&#8217;Shaughnessy. They kept hens and goats, and one of the goats was called Muriel. That July the Spanish Civil War began: General Francisco Franco&#8217;s rebels, backed by Hitler and Mussolini, against a Republic armed largely by the Soviet Union. Orwell went in December 1936. He joined, &#8220;through a series of accidents&#8221; as he later put it, the militia of a small dissident Marxist party that was bitterly critical of Stalin, the Workers&#8217; Party of Marxist Unification. In May 1937, near Huesca on the Aragon front, a sniper&#8217;s bullet went through his throat and missed the artery by a very small margin.</p></li><li><p><strong>Traitors</strong> &#8212; That summer the Communists, backed by Soviet advisers, turned on his party. It was declared illegal. Its leaders were arrested, and one of them disappeared in custody. The charge was that its members were secretly working for Franco, and the Communist press called them &#8220;Trotsky-fascists&#8221;. Orwell and Eileen got out of Spain just ahead of arrest. Decades later a report prepared for a tribunal in Valencia turned up, naming them both as confirmed Trotskyists.</p></li><li><p><strong>The second shock</strong> &#8212; In England almost nobody believed him. Left-wing editors turned him down, and <em>Homage to Catalonia</em> sold badly. His summary of the lesson, written ten years later in a preface for a Ukrainian translation of <em>Animal Farm</em>: &#8220;It taught me how easily totalitarian propaganda can control the opinion of enlightened people in democratic countries.&#8221; He stayed a socialist. What he set out to destroy was the myth that the Soviet Union was socialism&#8217;s success.</p></li><li><p><strong>The boy and the horse</strong> &#8212; He came home from Spain with a purpose and, by his own account, no story to carry it for some time. Then one day in the village he saw a little boy, &#8220;perhaps ten years old&#8221;, driving an enormous cart-horse along a narrow path and whipping it every time it tried to turn. That was where the animals came from.</p></li><li><p><strong>A story told through a translator</strong> &#8212; Orwell set down that origin story in English, in the Ukrainian preface. His English original is lost. What we read today was translated back into English from the Ukrainian.</p></li><li><p><strong>Six years</strong> &#8212; The purpose came home with him from Spain in 1937. He did not write the book until the end of 1943. By then Hitler had invaded the Soviet Union, the Red Army had destroyed a German army at Stalingrad, and the British press was calling Stalin Uncle Joe. That November, after two years writing broadcasts for the BBC, Orwell became literary editor of Tribune, and in the same month he began a story about a farm.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>Part 2 &#8212; Four Refusals (Ibsa)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>A new civilisation</strong> &#8212; In October 1917 the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power in Russia, and in 1922 they founded the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In 1935 Sidney and Beatrice Webb published <em>Soviet Communism: A New Civilisation?</em> When the second edition appeared two years later, the question mark was gone.</p></li><li><p><strong>Stalin and Trotsky</strong> &#8212; Lenin died in January 1924, and the succession came down to Joseph Stalin, who controlled the party machinery, and Leon Trotsky, who had built the Red Army. Trotsky was expelled in 1927, exiled to Alma-Ata the next year and thrown out of the country the year after. In August 1940, in Mexico City, an agent of Stalin&#8217;s secret police killed him with an ice axe. From 1936 to 1938, in the Moscow show trials, famous leaders of the revolution confessed in open court to plotting with Trotsky, spying and sabotage, and were then shot.</p></li><li><p><strong>The ally</strong> &#8212; In June 1941 Hitler invaded the Soviet Union and Stalin became Britain&#8217;s ally overnight. To many decent people, criticising him in public now felt like stabbing an ally in the back.</p></li><li><p><strong>Why a fairy story</strong> &#8212; Orwell wanted to expose the Soviet myth &#8220;in a story that could be easily understood by almost anyone and which could be easily translated into other languages.&#8221; A child can follow a fable, and a pig is a pig in Ukrainian, Polish and French. The title page read <em>Animal Farm: A Fairy Story</em>. A year later, in &#8220;Why I Write&#8221;, he said it was his first attempt &#8220;to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Phaedrus</strong> &#8212; Phaedrus was a Roman slave, freed in the household of the emperor Augustus, who wrote verse fables in Latin. He explained that a slave who dared not speak openly put his feelings into fables. His own fables got him into trouble with Sejanus, the minister of the emperor Tiberius. For Orwell the animals were never a disguise, because no reader in 1944 was fooled about which country the book described.</p></li><li><p><strong>Built not to match</strong> &#8212; The episodes, Orwell wrote, &#8220;are taken from the actual history of the Russian Revolution&#8221;, but &#8220;their chronological order is changed&#8221; for the sake of the story&#8217;s symmetry. A hunt for exact one-to-one matches will keep failing, and he built it that way.</p></li><li><p><strong>His own publisher</strong> &#8212; Orwell counted four refusals, and said &#8220;only one of these had any ideological motive.&#8221; The first came from Victor Gollancz, who ran the Left Book Club and had already turned down <em>Homage to Catalonia</em>.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Ministry</strong> &#8212; Jonathan Cape said yes, then chose to consult the Ministry of Information, the wartime department for propaganda and press censorship, although nothing obliged him to. Afterwards he wrote that the fable followed Soviet history so closely that &#8220;it can apply only to Russia&#8221;, and suggested &#8220;it would be less offensive if the predominant caste in the fable were not pigs.&#8221; Orwell noted that the suggestion &#8220;seems to have the official ring about it.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Peter Smollett</strong> &#8212; The Ministry&#8217;s Russian section was headed by Peter Smollett, born in Austria as Hans Peter Smolka and later made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. Papers smuggled out by the KGB archivist Vasili Mitrokhin identified him as a Soviet agent recruited by Kim Philby. No document proves he was the official Cape consulted, but historians think it almost certainly was. In 1949 Smollett was on the list Orwell gave a government department of people who should not be trusted as writers of anti-communist propaganda. Early in the war, Eileen had worked in the censorship department of that same ministry.</p></li><li><p><strong>The poet</strong> &#8212; On 13 July 1944 TS Eliot wrote back from Faber and Faber. He called the book &#8220;good writing of fundamental integrity&#8221; and objected to its &#8220;generally Trotskyite&#8221; politics. He added that the pigs were the cleverest animals and so the best qualified to run the farm, which meant that what was needed was &#8220;not more communism but more public-spirited pigs.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>The market</strong> &#8212; Biographers have found at least one more London house that said no. In New York the Dial Press turned the book down because animal stories were impossible to sell in America.</p></li><li><p><strong>Secker and Warburg</strong> &#8212; Fredric Warburg&#8217;s small firm, which had published <em>Homage to Catalonia</em>, accepted the book in the summer of 1944. Paper was rationed and publishers had to wait their turn, so <em>Animal Farm</em> did not appear until 17 August 1945, the week the war with Japan ended. The first printing was 4,500 copies.</p></li><li><p><strong>The preface nobody read</strong> &#8212; Orwell wrote a preface called &#8220;The Freedom of the Press&#8221;, and his proofs left room for it at the front of the first edition. Nobody knows exactly why it was not printed. It was found in the early 1970s and first published in the Times Literary Supplement in September 1972. It is about British censorship, not Soviet: the sinister fact about literary censorship in England, he wrote, &#8220;is that it is largely voluntary.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Two examples</strong> &#8212; The BBC marked the 25th anniversary of the Red Army without mentioning Trotsky, the man who built it. And the British rights to John Reed&#8217;s eyewitness account <em>Ten Days that Shook the World</em>, which had an introduction by Lenin, passed to the British Communist Party. Orwell wrote that the party destroyed the original edition &#8220;as completely as they could&#8221; and issued a new version with Trotsky&#8217;s name taken out and Lenin&#8217;s introduction dropped. As for protest, Orwell wrote, &#8220;there was little or no protest.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Tehran</strong> &#8212; From 28 November to 1 December 1943, Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill met for the first time, in Tehran. Orwell began the book that same November, &#8220;immediately after the Teheran Conference&#8221;, when everybody thought the Soviet Union and the West had become the best of friends. By everybody he did not mean himself.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>Part 3 &#8212; Seven Sentences on a Wall (Abeba)</h2><p>The farm lies near a market town called Willingdon. At the end of its big barn is a wall tarred black, and early in the story seven sentences are painted on it in large white letters. Abeba walks through the book by that wall.</p><h3>The Wall Is Painted</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Old Major&#8217;s dream</strong> &#8212; On Manor Farm, Jones goes to bed drunk. The animals gather in the big barn to hear old Major, the twelve-year-old prize boar. He tells them their lives are &#8220;miserable, laborious, and short&#8221;, and that man &#8220;is the only creature that consumes without producing.&#8221; He teaches them a song, &#8220;Beasts of England&#8221;. Three nights later he dies in his sleep.</p></li><li><p><strong>The animals</strong> &#8212; Among them are the cart-horses Boxer, huge and not very clever, and Clover, a motherly mare who shelters a brood of lost ducklings behind her foreleg. There is Muriel the white goat, and Benjamin the donkey, the oldest animal on the farm, who almost never laughs. And there is Mollie, the pretty white mare who pulls Jones&#8217;s trap, chewing sugar and showing off her ribbons.</p></li><li><p><strong>Animalism</strong> &#8212; Over the next three months the pigs turn Major&#8217;s speech into a system of thought. Two of them lead the work: Snowball, quick and inventive, and Napoleon, large, fierce-looking and quiet. A third, Squealer, is so persuasive that the others say he could turn black into white.</p></li><li><p><strong>The rebellion</strong> &#8212; On Midsummer&#8217;s Eve Jones gets drunk in Willingdon and nobody feeds the animals. A cow breaks into the store-shed, and when Jones and his four men come with whips, the animals drive them off the farm. They burn the whips and throw the knives down the well. They decide to keep the farmhouse as a museum where no animal will ever live.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Seven Commandments</strong> &#8212; Snowball paints ANIMAL FARM on the gate and writes the commandments on the barn wall:</p></li></ul><ol><li><p>Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.</p></li><li><p>Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.</p></li><li><p>No animal shall wear clothes.</p></li><li><p>No animal shall sleep in a bed.</p></li><li><p>No animal shall drink alcohol.</p></li><li><p>No animal shall kill any other animal.</p></li><li><p>All animals are equal.</p></li></ol><p>The slower animals get a single maxim instead: &#8220;Four legs good, two legs bad.&#8221;</p><ul><li><p><strong>Five buckets of milk</strong> &#8212; The same day, the pigs milk the cows. When someone asks what will happen to the milk, Napoleon stands in front of the buckets: &#8220;Never mind the milk, comrades!&#8221; By evening the milk has disappeared. Later the windfall apples are sent to the pigs as well, and every pig agrees to it, even Snowball and Napoleon. Squealer explains that it has been &#8220;proved by Science&#8221; that pigs need milk and apples, and asks whether there is anyone &#8220;who wants to see Jones come back?&#8221; Nobody does, and the matter is settled.</p></li></ul><h3>Who Can Read the Wall</h3><ul><li><p><strong>The first harvest</strong> &#8212; It is the best the farm has ever had. Boxer&#8217;s answer to every setback is &#8220;I will work harder!&#8221; Benjamin works as he always has. Asked whether he is happier now that Jones is gone, he says: &#8220;Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>The reading classes</strong> &#8212; The pigs read perfectly. The dogs read, but only the commandments. Muriel reads better than the dogs. Benjamin can read as well as any pig, but never does, because he says nothing is worth reading. Clover learns the alphabet but cannot make words. Boxer never gets past D. Mollie learns only the six letters of her name.</p></li><li><p><strong>Mollie</strong> &#8212; She is caught with hidden sugar and ribbons, and soon she is gone. The pigeons later see her pulling a smart cart outside a pub, with a scarlet ribbon round her forelock.</p></li><li><p><strong>Moses</strong> &#8212; Jones&#8217;s pet raven talks about Sugarcandy Mountain, where animals go when they die. The pigs work hard to convince the animals that no such place exists.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Battle of the Cowshed</strong> &#8212; In October, Jones comes back with his men and men from the neighbouring farms. Snowball, who has read about Julius Caesar&#8217;s campaigns, leads the defence. He is wounded by Jones&#8217;s gun, and a sheep is killed. Boxer strikes a stable-lad down and weeps over him, thinking him dead. Snowball tells him: &#8220;No sentimentality, comrade! War is war. The only good human being is a dead one.&#8221; The lad was only stunned. Snowball and Boxer are both made &#8220;Animal Hero, First Class&#8221;.</p></li><li><p><strong>The windmill and the dogs</strong> &#8212; Snowball draws plans for a windmill on the knoll. Napoleon urinates on them. The farm splits between &#8220;Vote for Snowball and the three-day week&#8221; and &#8220;Vote for Napoleon and the full manger.&#8221; At the deciding meeting, nine huge dogs chase Snowball off the farm through a hole in the hedge. They are puppies Napoleon took from their mothers and raised in secret. He abolishes the Sunday Meetings. Four young pigs protest, the dogs growl, and the sheep drown them out. Three weeks later the windmill is back on, and Squealer explains it was Napoleon&#8217;s plan all along: &#8220;Tactics, comrades, tactics!&#8221; Boxer adds a second motto: &#8220;Napoleon is always right.&#8221;</p></li></ul><h3>The Wall Changes</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Sheets</strong> &#8212; The pigs move into the farmhouse and sleep in the beds. Clover asks Muriel to read the Fourth Commandment, and Muriel reads out: &#8220;No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets.&#8221; Clover does not remember the sheets, but there they are on the wall.</p></li><li><p><strong>The November gale</strong> &#8212; A gale destroys the half-built windmill. Napoleon announces that Snowball did it and sentences him to death. From then on, everything that goes wrong on the farm is blamed on Snowball.</p></li><li><p><strong>The hens</strong> &#8212; Napoleon deals with the outside world through Whymper, a solicitor from Willingdon, and agrees to sell 400 eggs a week. The hens resist, and their rations are stopped. After five days they give in. Nine hens have died, and it is given out that they died of coccidiosis.</p></li><li><p><strong>The confessions</strong> &#8212; Squealer announces that Snowball was Jones&#8217;s agent from the beginning. Boxer objects: &#8220;I do not believe that,&#8221; because he saw Snowball fight. Four days later the dogs drag four pigs to Napoleon&#8217;s feet. They are the four who protested. Three dogs go for Boxer, and he pins one under his hoof and looks to Napoleon, who orders him to let it go. The pigs confess to plotting with Snowball and are killed. Hens, a goose and sheep confess next, and are killed as well.</p></li><li><p><strong>The knoll</strong> &#8212; The survivors lie together on the knoll. Boxer says, &#8220;It must be due to some fault in ourselves&#8221;, and goes to the quarry to haul stone. Clover looks down at the farm, and Orwell writes out what she would have said: &#8220;But still, it was not for this that she and all the other animals had hoped and toiled.&#8221; Then: &#8220;Such were her thoughts, though she lacked the words to express them.&#8221; She begins to sing &#8220;Beasts of England&#8221;, and Squealer arrives to announce that the song is abolished. Minimus, a pig with a gift for verse, writes a new one.</p></li><li><p><strong>Without cause</strong> &#8212; Clover asks Benjamin to read the sixth commandment. He refuses, so Muriel reads it: &#8220;No animal shall kill any other animal without cause.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>The forged banknotes</strong> &#8212; Napoleon sells the timber to Frederick of Pinchfield and is paid in forged notes. Frederick attacks and blows up the rebuilt windmill, and Pilkington of Foxwood replies to Napoleon&#8217;s plea for help with &#8220;Serves you right.&#8221; The men are driven off, and a gun fires to celebrate. Boxer, bleeding: &#8220;Then we have won back what we had before&#8221;. Squealer: &#8220;That is our victory&#8221;.</p></li><li><p><strong>The ladder</strong> &#8212; The pigs find whisky. One night the animals find Squealer sprawled at the foot of the wall beside a broken ladder, a lantern, a brush and a pot of white paint. Only Benjamin seems to understand, and he says nothing. Days later Muriel reads: &#8220;No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.&#8221;</p></li></ul><h3>Boxer</h3><ul><li><p><strong>The retiring age</strong> &#8212; Horses and pigs were to retire at 12, cows at 14, dogs at 9, sheep at 7, hens and geese at 5. No animal has ever retired. The paddock meant for old animals is sown with barley, and all barley goes to the pigs. In April the farm becomes a Republic. There is one candidate for President, Napoleon, and he is elected unanimously. Boxer plans to spend his retirement learning the other 22 letters of the alphabet.</p></li><li><p><strong>The van</strong> &#8212; Boxer collapses hauling stone: &#8220;It is my lung&#8221;. Squealer promises to send him to the vet at Willingdon. Two days later Benjamin gallops across the fields for the first time anyone can remember and reads the side of the van aloud: &#8220;Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon.&#8221; Boxer tries to kick his way out, but his strength is gone. Three days later Squealer reports that he died in hospital and explains the lettering: the vet had bought the knacker&#8217;s old van and had not yet repainted it. Soon after, a crate arrives for the pigs, and word goes round that they have found the money for another case of whisky.</p></li></ul><h3>One Sentence</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Years pass</strong> &#8212; Muriel is dead. Jones is dead. Snowball and Boxer are forgotten. The windmill is finished but mills corn at a profit, and the talk of electric light and a three-day week is gone. Benjamin alone claims to remember everything, and says hunger, hardship and disappointment are the unalterable law of life.</p></li><li><p><strong>Two legs</strong> &#8212; Clover&#8217;s terrified neighing brings the animals out. Squealer is walking on his hind legs, then a file of pigs, then Napoleon, carrying a whip. The animals are about to speak when the sheep burst out: &#8220;Four legs good, two legs better!&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>What the wall says</strong> &#8212; Clover leads Benjamin to the barn and asks: &#8220;Are the Seven Commandments the same as they used to be, Benjamin?&#8221; For once he reads it to her. Only one commandment is left: &#8220;All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>The card game</strong> &#8212; Neighbouring farmers dine with the pigs. Pilkington praises the farm for working its animals hard on little food, and makes a joke: &#8220;If you have your lower animals to contend with, we have our lower classes!&#8221; Napoleon announces that &#8220;Comrade&#8221; is abolished, that Major&#8217;s skull has been buried and that the flag is now plain green, and he restores the old name with a toast: &#8220;To the prosperity of The Manor Farm!&#8221; The animals creep away. Shouting brings them back to the window, where Napoleon and Pilkington have each played an ace of spades. The animals look from pig to man and back. &#8220;But already it was impossible to say which was which.&#8221;</p></li></ul><h3>Where Everyone Ends</h3><ul><li><p>Major&#8217;s skull is dug up and set on a post, then buried again. Mollie was last seen outside a pub. Snowball is never seen again, except as the name for everything that goes wrong. Moses returns and is allowed to stay, with a gill of beer a day. Whymper buys a cart of his own. Frederick never comes back. Pilkington is at Napoleon&#8217;s table holding an ace of spades. Napoleon is President of a farm called, once more, the Manor Farm. Benjamin is a little greyer and, since Boxer&#8217;s death, more morose than before.</p></li></ul><h3>Three Questions (Abeba&#8217;s readings)</h3><p>Abeba gives these as her own answers.</p><ol><li><p><strong>When does it go wrong?</strong> &#8212; In December 1946, answering the American critic Dwight Macdonald, Orwell wrote: &#8220;The turning-point of the story was supposed to be when the pigs kept the milk and apples for themselves.&#8221; In the same letter he added one word in brackets, Kronstadt: the naval base near Petrograd whose sailors, once heroes of the revolution, rose against the Bolsheviks in March 1921 and were crushed by the Red Army. When Orwell adapted the book for BBC radio on the Third Programme in January 1947, he wrote in a new exchange in which other animals ask whether it is fair for the pigs to keep the apples. The producer, Rayner Heppenstall, cut it. Abeba thinks Orwell was right, and that his turning point is almost impossible to feel on a first reading, because Squealer&#8217;s question is so hard to answer with anything but no.</p></li><li><p><strong>Why does Benjamin keep quiet?</strong> &#8212; He can read as well as any pig, and he understood the broken ladder. His own reason is that nothing ever gets much better or much worse. Abeba calls this only half an answer. He broke his silence three times, at the windmill, at the van and at the wall, and every time it was too late to change anything. Whether that is cowardice or honesty about what one donkey can do, she leaves for Dawit and Tigist.</p></li><li><p><strong>Does it end in reconciliation?</strong> &#8212; In the Ukrainian preface Orwell said the book does not end in &#8220;the complete reconciliation of the pigs and the humans&#8221;. He wrote: &#8220;on the contrary I meant it to end on a loud note of discord.&#8221; Abeba points out that the toast is not the last scene. The last scene is a pig and a man each playing an ace of spades, though a pack has only one, and Orwell never says which of them cheated. Her reading is that it is a quarrel between two parties who have become too alike to tell apart from outside the window.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>Part 4 &#8212; Discussion (Dawit &amp; Tigist)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Two walls</strong> &#8212; Dawit sees a second wall in the book: Clover&#8217;s foreleg round the ducklings, which holds, while the painted wall keeps being rewritten. Tigist replies that the leg held for one night. On the knoll, after the killings, her leg is folded under her.</p></li><li><p><strong>A feeling without a name</strong> &#8212; Dawit reads the line about Clover lacking the words as the heart of it: a feeling without a name can&#8217;t be brought to a meeting. Tigist disagrees. Clover has thought it through: Jones must not come back, so she will obey. Clover is caught between two things she has every right to believe: what we won must not be thrown away, and this is not what we won it for.</p></li><li><p><strong>Not now</strong> &#8212; Squealer ends every argument by asking whether anyone wants Jones back, and the threat is real. Dawit moves it to a small food-bank charity where a volunteer finds the treasurer paying himself the week before the big appeal. Tigist: &#8220;The more true the warning, the better it works as a gag.&#8221; And in the book, there is never a good week.</p></li><li><p><strong>Benjamin: clear eyes or the worst?</strong> &#8212; To Dawit, Benjamin is the one animal who is never fooled. To Tigist, he is the worst animal among the ones who could have acted. He could read every change on the wall, and his silence comes from philosophy, not fear. Boxer is fooled. Benjamin is never fooled, and watches anyway. Dawit points to the van. Tigist answers that he galloped for his friend, not for the nine hens or the four pigs.</p></li><li><p><strong>The wall beats memory</strong> &#8212; Muriel reads the changed commandments aloud three times and nothing happens, because whenever the wall and memory disagree, the wall wins. Dawit brings in Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer&#8217;s 1974 experiment. People asked how fast cars &#8220;smashed&#8221; into each other gave higher speeds than people asked about cars that &#8220;hit&#8221; each other, and a week later more of them remembered broken glass that was never in the film.</p></li><li><p><strong>Reading is power</strong> &#8212; Tigist&#8217;s example is a tenant signing an agreement in a language they can&#8217;t read, with only the landlord&#8217;s nephew to translate. The nephew&#8217;s power comes from the gap, not from any wickedness in him. Squealer tells Boxer the proof is in Snowball&#8217;s handwriting: &#8220;I could show you this in his own writing, if you were able to read it.&#8221; Tigist&#8217;s verdict: for the animals who can&#8217;t read, the wall is &#8220;a rumour with paint on it.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;I will work harder&#8221;</strong> &#8212; Tigist finds Boxer&#8217;s first motto more frightening than his second. She compares him to the colleague who never takes the leave he&#8217;s owed. His pension was promised in writing, and the paddock went to barley, the barley to beer, and his price to whisky. Dawit refuses to see him only as a victim. On the knoll, the one night a real question could have been asked, Boxer filled the silence with work. Tigist adds the pinned dog: for a moment Boxer held the balance of power under one hoof, and he asked Napoleon&#8217;s permission.</p></li><li><p><strong>No date for leaving</strong> &#8212; The first laws put an end date on every working life, pigs included. Then came a President with no end date at all. Dawit: the animals didn&#8217;t lose elections, they lost departures. Tigist offers the Roman Republic as a counter-example. Consuls served one year and a dictator six months, and it worked for centuries until Sulla, and then Julius Caesar, named dictator for life in 44 BC and stabbed in the Senate within weeks. Napoleon has nine dogs.</p></li><li><p><strong>The milk: betrayal or no check at all</strong> &#8212; Dawit reads the book as a real dream that the pigs stole. Tigist points to when the theft happens: the third chapter, before any dogs or killings, with every pig agreeing, even Snowball. To her the rot is in the arrangement, and what would have stopped it was one animal asking where the milk went. Dawit calls in TS Eliot&#8217;s &#8220;public-spirited pigs&#8221; as the strongest version of his own reading. Tigist replies that Snowball was the public-spirited pig, and he took the milk. <strong>They do not agree.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Two aces</strong> &#8212; There is only one ace of spades in a pack, so at least one of them is cheating, and the book never says which. To Dawit that is the likeness: method, not friendship, and &#8220;Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike.&#8221; Readers remember the toast because the animals are outside the glass. Tigist adds that two months after the book came out, in an essay for Tribune about the atomic bomb, Orwell described the world ahead as a permanent &#8220;cold war&#8221;, one of the first uses of the phrase for the stand-off between the Soviet Union and the West.</p></li></ul><h3>Things Nobody Tells You</h3><ol><li><p><strong>The pigeons.</strong> In Orwell&#8217;s typescript the pigeons drop dung on Jones&#8217;s men during the Battle of the Cowshed. The first edition of 1945 says they &#8220;muted&#8221; on them, an old hunting word. In a book with a pile of corpses at Napoleon&#8217;s feet, the pigeons are what got softened.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cesar and URSA.</strong> In French, Napoleon became Cesar. Orwell suggested a French title, <em>Union des Republiques Socialistes Animales</em>, whose initials spell URSA, Latin for &#8220;bear&#8221;, the old emblem of Russia.</p></li><li><p><strong>A Fairy Story.</strong> The American edition dropped the subtitle from the start, and other translations turned it into a satire. According to Peter Davison, editor of Orwell&#8217;s complete works, only one translation made in Orwell&#8217;s lifetime kept it: the one into Telugu, a language of southern India.</p></li><li><p><strong>Fifteen hundred copies.</strong> In 1947 a young Ukrainian scholar, Ihor Shevchenko, translated the book for Ukrainian refugees in the displaced-persons camps of post-war Germany. In September Orwell wrote to Arthur Koestler that the American authorities in Munich had seized 1,500 copies and handed them to Soviet repatriation officials. About 2,000, he said, had already got through.</p></li><li><p><strong>The film.</strong> The first film, a British cartoon of 1954, was paid for in part, secretly, by the CIA. Howard Hunt, later imprisoned for his part in the Watergate break-in, described the operation in a 1974 memoir. Agents had bought the rights from Orwell&#8217;s widow. In the film the animals rise a second time and overthrow Napoleon.</p></li><li><p><strong>The numbers.</strong> By the time Orwell died, in January 1950, the book London publishers had turned down had been issued in about 25,500 copies in Britain and about 590,000 in the United States.</p></li><li><p><strong>Except Napoleon.</strong> In March 1945, in Paris, Orwell met Jozef Czapski, a Polish painter and officer who had been held in a Soviet prison camp and was one of the very few from that camp to survive the Katyn massacre. Soon afterwards Orwell asked his publisher to change one line. When the windmill is blown up, all the animals, &#8220;including Napoleon&#8221;, fling themselves flat, and he wanted it to read &#8220;except Napoleon.&#8221; The change, he wrote, &#8220;would be fair to Stalin, as he did stay in Moscow during the German advance.&#8221;</p></li></ol><h3>Closing</h3><p>Dawit asks what Benjamin&#8217;s memory is worth. Tigist says it is worth nothing to the farm, because the wall went on changing while he watched. What it is worth to Benjamin himself she cannot say. Is a farm where one old donkey remembers the truth and keeps it to himself better off than a farm where nobody remembers it at all, or worse, because the truth was there all along? Dawit sets the typescript Orwell dug out of the rubble against Benjamin&#8217;s silence. Tigist reminds him that the book waited over a year to be printed, and that its preface waited in a drawer until long after Orwell was dead. Neither of them can settle it.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Key Quotations</h2><blockquote><p>&#8220;It struck me that if only such animals became aware of their strength we should have no power over them.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Orwell, in the preface for the Ukrainian translation</em></p><p>&#8220;Hardly anyone will print an attack on Stalin, but it is quite safe to attack Churchill.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Orwell, &#8220;The Freedom of the Press&#8221;</em></p><p>&#8220;not more communism but more public-spirited pigs.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>TS Eliot, refusing the book for Faber and Faber</em></p><p>&#8220;Never mind the milk, comrades!&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Napoleon</em></p><p>&#8220;Such were her thoughts, though she lacked the words to express them.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Animal Farm, on Clover</em></p><p>&#8220;All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>The barn wall, at the end</em></p><p>&#8220;The more true the warning, the better it works as a gag.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Tigist</em></p><p>&#8220;For the animals who can&#8217;t read, the wall is not a law at all. It&#8217;s a rumour with paint on it.&#8221;<br>&#8212; <em>Tigist</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>Names and Terms</h2><h3>People</h3><ul><li><p><strong>George Orwell</strong> (1903&#8211;1950) &#8212; pen name of Eric Arthur Blair; born in Motihari, British India</p></li><li><p><strong>Eileen O&#8217;Shaughnessy</strong> &#8212; Orwell&#8217;s wife; worked in the censorship department of the Ministry of Information early in the war</p></li><li><p><strong>Victor Gollancz</strong> &#8212; publisher of <em>Down and Out in Paris and London</em>; ran the Left Book Club; turned down <em>Homage to Catalonia</em> and <em>Animal Farm</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Jonathan Cape</strong> &#8212; publisher who accepted the book, consulted the Ministry of Information, then drew back</p></li><li><p><strong>TS Eliot</strong> &#8212; poet and director of Faber and Faber; refused the book on 13 July 1944</p></li><li><p><strong>Fredric Warburg</strong> &#8212; of Secker and Warburg, who published the book in 1945</p></li><li><p><strong>Peter Smollett</strong> &#8212; born Hans Peter Smolka; head of the Ministry of Information&#8217;s Russian section; identified in the Mitrokhin papers as a Soviet agent</p></li><li><p><strong>Vasili Mitrokhin</strong> &#8212; defecting KGB archivist whose smuggled papers named Smollett</p></li><li><p><strong>Kim Philby</strong> &#8212; British double agent who, according to those papers, recruited Smollett</p></li><li><p><strong>Francisco Franco</strong> &#8212; general who led the rebels in the Spanish Civil War</p></li><li><p><strong>Vladimir Lenin</strong> &#8212; led the Bolsheviks to power in 1917; died January 1924</p></li><li><p><strong>Joseph Stalin</strong> &#8212; won the succession after Lenin; Britain&#8217;s ally from 1941</p></li><li><p><strong>Leon Trotsky</strong> &#8212; built the Red Army; expelled, exiled, and killed in Mexico City in 1940</p></li><li><p><strong>Sidney and Beatrice Webb</strong> &#8212; British social reformers; authors of <em>Soviet Communism: A New Civilisation?</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Phaedrus</strong> &#8212; freed Roman slave who wrote verse fables in Latin in the first century</p></li><li><p><strong>John Reed</strong> &#8212; American journalist; author of <em>Ten Days that Shook the World</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Franklin Roosevelt</strong> and <strong>Winston Churchill</strong> &#8212; met Stalin at Tehran in 1943</p></li><li><p><strong>Dwight Macdonald</strong> &#8212; American critic to whom Orwell named the story&#8217;s turning point</p></li><li><p><strong>Rayner Heppenstall</strong> &#8212; BBC producer who cut Orwell&#8217;s new radio scene</p></li><li><p><strong>Peter Davison</strong> &#8212; editor of Orwell&#8217;s complete works</p></li><li><p><strong>Ihor Shevchenko</strong> &#8212; translator of the 1947 Ukrainian edition</p></li><li><p><strong>Arthur Koestler</strong> &#8212; novelist and friend to whom Orwell reported the Munich seizure</p></li><li><p><strong>Howard Hunt</strong> &#8212; CIA officer who described the 1954 film operation in a memoir</p></li><li><p><strong>Jozef Czapski</strong> &#8212; Polish painter and officer, a survivor of the Katyn massacre</p></li><li><p><strong>Elizabeth Loftus</strong> and <strong>John Palmer</strong> &#8212; psychologists behind the 1974 car-crash memory experiment</p></li><li><p><strong>Sulla</strong> and <strong>Julius Caesar</strong> &#8212; Roman dictators without a fixed term, cited by Tigist</p></li></ul><h3>Characters</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Old Major</strong> &#8212; the prize boar whose dream starts it all; shown as Willingdon Beauty</p></li><li><p><strong>Napoleon</strong> &#8212; large, quiet boar who takes control of the farm and its dogs</p></li><li><p><strong>Snowball</strong> &#8212; quick, inventive pig; designs the windmill; chased off the farm</p></li><li><p><strong>Squealer</strong> &#8212; small fat pig who does the explaining</p></li><li><p><strong>Minimus</strong> &#8212; pig poet who writes the replacement song</p></li><li><p><strong>Boxer</strong> &#8212; enormous cart-horse; &#8220;I will work harder!&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Clover</strong> &#8212; motherly cart-mare who shelters the ducklings</p></li><li><p><strong>Benjamin</strong> &#8212; the donkey; the oldest animal on the farm; reads as well as any pig</p></li><li><p><strong>Muriel</strong> &#8212; the white goat who reads the wall aloud</p></li><li><p><strong>Mollie</strong> &#8212; the white mare who wanted sugar and ribbons</p></li><li><p><strong>Moses</strong> &#8212; Jones&#8217;s tame raven, preacher of Sugarcandy Mountain</p></li><li><p><strong>Jones</strong> &#8212; the drunken owner of Manor Farm</p></li><li><p><strong>Pilkington</strong> &#8212; easy-going gentleman farmer of Foxwood</p></li><li><p><strong>Frederick</strong> &#8212; tough, shrewd farmer of Pinchfield; pays in forged notes</p></li><li><p><strong>Whymper</strong> &#8212; solicitor from Willingdon, the farm&#8217;s go-between</p></li><li><p><strong>Alfred Simmonds</strong> &#8212; the name on the side of the van</p></li></ul><h3>Places</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Motihari</strong> &#8212; Orwell&#8217;s birthplace, in the north of British India</p></li><li><p><strong>Moulmein</strong> &#8212; town in lower Burma where Orwell served as a police officer</p></li><li><p><strong>Wallington</strong> &#8212; Hertfordshire village where the Orwells kept the old village shop</p></li><li><p><strong>Huesca</strong> &#8212; town on the Aragon front where Orwell was shot</p></li><li><p><strong>Valencia</strong> &#8212; seat of the tribunal whose report named Orwell and Eileen</p></li><li><p><strong>Mortimer Crescent, Kilburn</strong> &#8212; the north-west London street where the flying bomb fell</p></li><li><p><strong>Tehran</strong> &#8212; where Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill met in 1943</p></li><li><p><strong>Kronstadt</strong> &#8212; naval base near Petrograd; the sailors&#8217; rising of March 1921</p></li><li><p><strong>Willingdon</strong> &#8212; market town near the farm in the book</p></li><li><p><strong>Manor Farm / Animal Farm</strong> &#8212; the farm, named twice</p></li><li><p><strong>Foxwood</strong> and <strong>Pinchfield</strong> &#8212; the two neighbouring farms</p></li><li><p><strong>The knoll</strong> &#8212; the small hill where the windmill stands</p></li><li><p><strong>Sugarcandy Mountain</strong> &#8212; the country above the clouds in Moses&#8217;s stories</p></li></ul><h3>Terms and Concepts</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Animalism</strong> &#8212; the pigs&#8217; system of thought, built from Major&#8217;s speech</p></li><li><p><strong>The Seven Commandments</strong> &#8212; the laws painted on the barn wall</p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;Beasts of England&#8221;</strong> &#8212; Major&#8217;s song; abolished after the confessions</p></li><li><p><strong>Flying bomb (doodlebug)</strong> &#8212; pilotless German aircraft that fell on London in 1944</p></li><li><p><strong>Ministry of Information</strong> &#8212; Britain&#8217;s wartime department for propaganda and press censorship</p></li><li><p><strong>Voluntary censorship</strong> &#8212; Orwell&#8217;s term, in his unprinted preface, for what is simply not said</p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;The Freedom of the Press&#8221;</strong> &#8212; Orwell&#8217;s preface to the book; first printed in the Times Literary Supplement in 1972</p></li><li><p><strong>Show trials</strong> &#8212; the Moscow trials of 1936&#8211;1938</p></li><li><p><strong>Tribune</strong> &#8212; the left-wing weekly where Orwell was literary editor</p></li><li><p><strong>Knacker</strong> &#8212; a man who buys worn-out horses and slaughters them for glue, hides and bone-meal</p></li><li><p><strong>Cold war</strong> &#8212; Orwell&#8217;s phrase, in a Tribune essay on the atomic bomb, for the world ahead</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>Discussion Questions</h2><ol><li><p><strong>The milk or the dogs.</strong> Dawit reads the book as a story of betrayal: the dream was real, the work was real, and the pigs stole both. Tigist says the theft came in the third chapter, before any dog or any killing, with every pig agreeing to it, so the rot was in the arrangement from the start. Where would you put the turning point, and does your answer change how you read the later chapters?</p></li><li><p><strong>The one who remembers.</strong> Benjamin can read every change on the wall, and he speaks only when it can no longer change anything. Dawit calls him the one clear pair of eyes on the farm. Tigist calls him the worst of the animals who could have acted. Is a community that has someone who remembers, and who stays silent, better or worse off than one where nobody remembers at all?</p></li><li><p><strong>Not now.</strong> Clover believes two things at once: what we won must not be thrown away, and this is not what we won it for. Squealer&#8217;s warning about Jones is never a lie. If you saw something wrong inside an institution you cared about and were told it wasn&#8217;t the right time, how would you tell a true warning from a gag?</p></li><li><p><strong>Censorship nobody ordered.</strong> No law stopped <em>Animal Farm</em>. A publisher consulted a ministry he did not have to consult, and a poet objected to the pigs. Orwell called the result voluntary censorship. Is silence that nobody ordered better or worse than silence that is ordered?</p></li><li><p><strong>A date for leaving.</strong> Dawit says the animals didn&#8217;t lose elections, they lost departures. Tigist answers that Rome had fixed terms for centuries and a man with an army ignored them anyway. Would a date on the barn wall have lasted longer than the other seven sentences?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — Thomas More: Utopia]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4726;&#4635;&#4661; &#4638;&#4653;&#4961; &#4841;&#4726;&#4917;&#4843; &#171;&#4752;&#4872;&#4645;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4721; &#4637;&#4781;&#4653; &#4768;&#4845;&#4936;&#4621;&#4873;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4621;&#4873;&#4725; &#4773;&#4752;&#4657; &#4632;&#4661;&#4635;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4665;&#4725;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4848;&#4875;&#4877;&#4638; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4877;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/thomas-more-utopia</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/thomas-more-utopia</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2026 13:02:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/217450174/4d18bea56c68491d37c3d0e4a441969c.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aZeC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa93bc789-7538-4e9d-a010-2d747c70e089_1456x819.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aZeC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa93bc789-7538-4e9d-a010-2d747c70e089_1456x819.jpeg 424w, 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&#4704;&#4654;&#4637;&#4963; &#4704;&#4947;&#4650;&#4661;&#4963; &#4704;&#4707;&#4829;&#4621;&#4963; &#4704;&#4781;&#4651;&#4779;&#4813; &#4845;&#4752;&#4704;&#4707;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829;&#4763; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4709;&#4731;&#4962; &#4661;&#4616; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4616;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652; &#4768;&#4621;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4637;&#4964; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4827;&#4810; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683; &#4843;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4776;&#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616; &#4776;&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 3 &#8212; &#4813;&#4739; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829; (&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;)</h2><p>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4704;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4725;&#4808;&#4661;&#4848;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4725;&#4781;&#4621;&#4725; &#4661;&#4941;&#4651;&#4813;&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4848;&#4660;&#4722;&#4721;&#4963; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4637; &#4808;&#4848; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4872;&#4925;&#4962; &#4843; &#4872;&#4925; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4776;&#4704;&#4938;&#4721; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4845;&#4616;&#4813;&#4899;&#4621;&#4962;</p><p><strong>&#4704;&#4768;&#4725;&#4781;&#4621;&#4725; &#4661;&#4941;&#4651; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4768;&#4757;&#4725;&#4808;&#4653;&#4949; &#4755;&#4725;&#4962; &#4638;&#4653; &#4776;&#4677;&#4851;&#4660; &#4658;&#4808;&#4899; &#4808;&#4851;&#4865;&#4757; &#4946;&#4720;&#4653; &#4867;&#4845;&#4621;&#4661;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813;&#4964; &#4867;&#4845;&#4621;&#4661; &#4776;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851; &#4656;&#4813; &#4875;&#4653; &#4773;&#4843;&#4808;&#4651; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4651;&#4939;&#4772;&#4621; &#4610;&#4725;&#4622;&#4852;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4950;&#4653;&#4721;&#4875;&#4619;&#4810;&#4964; &#4757;&#4709;&#4648;&#4721;&#4757; &#4616;&#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4638;&#4729; &#4725;&#4726; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4840;&#4725; &#4840;&#4808;&#4899;&#4964; &#4776;&#4716;&#4661;&#4945;&#4730; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4883;&#4824;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4873;&#4830; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4637;&#4669;&#4877; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4776;&#4672;&#4649;&#4725; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4633; &#4651;&#4657; &#4635;&#4661;&#4896;&#4757;&#4672;&#4674;&#4843; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4645;&#4653;&#4808; &#4675;&#4621; &#171;&#4840;&#4936;&#4896;&#4651; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4840;&#4776;&#4757;&#4721; &#4808;&#4652; &#4768;&#4677;&#4651;&#4706;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4962; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4872;&#4755; &#4776;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4872;&#4925; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4773;&#4865;&#4757; &#4704;&#4864;&#4653;&#4707;&#4813; &#4848;&#4709;&#4678; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645;&#4757; &#4768;&#4723;&#4635;&#4781;&#4653;&#4637;?</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4638;&#4653; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4813;&#4966; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4768;&#4845;&#4720;&#4611;&#4621;&#4964; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4672;&#4653;&#4704;&#4613; &#4768;&#4635;&#4779;&#4650; &#4768;&#4725;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4610;&#4725;&#4622;&#4852;&#4845;&#4966; &#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; 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&#4845;&#4612;&#4851;&#4621;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4707;&#4650;&#4843;&#4814;&#4729;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4773;&#4826;&#4613; &#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4896;&#4678;&#4653; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4621;&#4757;&#4824;&#4616;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4637; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4854;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4808;&#4757;&#4864;&#4621; &#4840;&#4640;&#4651; &#4828;&#4875;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648;&#4777;&#4964; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4768;&#4872;&#4653; &#4840;&#4638;&#4725; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4848;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813; &#8212; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4613;&#4757; &#4704;&#4653;&#4779;&#4669; &#4845;&#4872;&#4831;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; 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&#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4768;&#4813;&#4652; &#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653; &#4845;&#4632;&#4616;&#4776;&#4721;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4765; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4757;&#4673;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4614;&#4758;&#4637; &#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4658;&#4776;&#4619;&#4776;&#4617;&#4963; &#4808;&#4851;&#4869; &#4768;&#4872;&#4653; &#4808;&#4651;&#4650; &#4658;&#4872;&#4707;&#4704;&#4725;&#4963; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4704;&#4768;&#4637;&#4707;&#4872;&#4752;&#4757; &#4645;&#4653; &#4843;&#4616;&#4757; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4752;&#4931; &#4616;&#4635;&#4813;&#4899;&#4725; &#4845;&#4811;&#4875;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4827;&#4950;&#4620;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4720;&#4651;&#4651; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4649;&#4963; &#4904;&#4779;&#4766;&#4733;&#4963; &#4704;&#4848;&#4632;&#4808;&#4829; &#4840;&#4634;&#4811;&#4873;&#4964; &#4841;&#4726;&#4917;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4776;&#4941;&#4616;&#4813; &#4845;&#4672;&#4901;&#4655;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962; &#4661;&#4620;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4704;&#4877;&#4621;&#4925; &#4720;&#4925;&#4943;&#4621;&#4966; &#4709;&#4825;&#4814;&#4729; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4638;&#4721; &#4848;&#4632;&#4808;&#4825;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4661;&#4849;&#4725; &#4901;&#4674;&#4726;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4776;&#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4843; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4661;&#4725;&#4920;&#4851; &#4901;&#4649; &#4752;&#4813; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637; &#4843;&#4637;&#4755;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4616; &#4656;&#4936;&#4651;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4848;&#4660;&#4722;&#4721; &#4661;&#4725;&#4904;&#4755;&#4752;&#4677; &#4808;&#4848; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4656;&#4939;&#4650; &#4725;&#4621;&#4779;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4840;&#4768;&#4872;&#4652;&#4813; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4773;&#4637;&#4706; &#4779;&#4616; &#4845;&#4811;&#4883;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4632;&#4652;&#4721;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4896;&#4672;&#4637;&#4704;&#4725; &#4845;&#4830; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813;&#4757; &#4658;&#4776;&#4616;&#4781;&#4621; &#4843; &#4651;&#4657; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4725;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4854;&#4733; &#4928;&#4624;&#4845;&#4757;&#4963; &#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4904;&#4648;&#4675;&#4757;&#4963; &#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4704;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725; &#4840;&#4758;&#4648; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4617;&#4962; &#4768;&#4709;&#4827;&#4766;&#4729; &#4877;&#4757; &#4661;&#4633; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4824;&#4619;&#4616;&#4635;&#4810; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4616; &#4843;&#4637;&#4755;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4841;&#4726;&#4950;&#4661; &#4629;&#4877;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4637;&#4755;&#4621;&#4964; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4672;&#4661;&#4723;&#4755; &#4704;&#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725; &#4618;&#4843;&#4661;&#4648;&#4851; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4877;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4872;&#4848;&#4853; &#4768;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637;&#4964; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4840;&#4620;&#4619;&#4813;&#4757; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4811;&#4653;&#4854; &#4632;&#4661;&#4848;&#4709; &#4768;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637;</p></li><li><p>&#4651;&#4657; &#4841;&#4726;&#4950;&#4661; &#4840;&#4725;&#4763;&#4813; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4768;&#4621;&#4808;&#4656;&#4752;&#4637;&#4962; &#4637;&#4755;&#4621;&#4707;&#4725; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4651;&#4657; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4840; &#4768;&#4637;&#4621;&#4782; &#4845;&#4936;&#4621;&#4877; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4721; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4874;&#4828; &#4709;&#4677; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4963; &#4704;&#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4808;&#4899;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4725;&#4755; &#4658;&#4848;&#4653;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4610;&#4725;&#4622;&#4852;&#4845;&#4755; &#4883;&#4848;&#4766;&#4729; &#4752;&#4872;&#4655;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4854;&#4733; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4617;&#4964; &#4658;&#4896;&#4632;&#4673; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4776;&#4616;&#4776;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637;&#4963; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4659;&#4616;&#4672;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4877;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4720;&#4896;&#4632;&#4673;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4704;&#4768;&#4848;&#4707;&#4707;&#4845; &#4632;&#4661;&#4704;&#4781; &#4864;&#4632;&#4648;&#4964; &#4620;&#4622;&#4729;&#4757; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4726;&#4733; &#4653;&#4777;&#4661; &#4768;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4963; &#4720;&#4776;&#4723;&#4846;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757;&#4637; &#4616;&#4773;&#4659;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4848;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813; &#4768;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4848;&#4875;&#4877;&#4638; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4941;&#4653;&#4849;</strong> &#8212; &#4843;&#4825;&#4725;&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4733;&#4622;&#4725; &#4768;&#4672;&#4648;&#4705;&#4725;&#4963; &#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725;&#4962; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725; &#4704;&#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4721; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709;&#4757; &#4704;&#4635;&#4720;&#4651;&#4632;&#4661; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4677;&#4899;&#4721;&#4637; &#4877;&#4830;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4872;&#4925;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4610;&#4725;&#4622;&#4852;&#4845; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649;&#4757; &#4904;&#4648;&#4656;&#4962; &#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653;&#4841; &#4638;&#4653; &#4709;&#4825; &#4840;&#4656;&#4635;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4632;&#4661;&#4622; &#4723;&#4840;&#4813; &#8212; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813;&#4963; &#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813;&#4963; &#4621;&#4635;&#4851;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4875;&#4651; &#4753;&#4654;&#4755; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4721;&#4757; &#4925;&#4942;&#4723;&#4621;&#4966; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4848;&#4781;&#4638;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#4658;&#4720;&#4733; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4776;&#4939; &#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4621;&#4964; &#4620;&#4622;&#4733;&#4637; &#4658;&#4675;&#4808;&#4633;&#4725; &#4678;&#4845;&#4720;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4814;&#4729; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4841;&#4726;&#4917;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4704;&#4773;&#4763;&#4637; &#4776;&#4720;&#4638;&#4733; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4758;&#4649; &#4840;&#4637;&#4632;&#4763;&#4728;&#4813; &#4709;&#4825; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733; &#4768;&#4617; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4675;&#4621; &#4904;&#4632;&#4648; &#8212; &#4773;&#4632;&#4763;&#4728;&#4811;&#4616;&#4609;&#4963; &#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4848;&#4653;&#4877;&#4637;</p></li><li><p>&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4773;&#4826;&#4843; &#4619;&#4845; &#4843;&#4704;&#4675;&#4621;&#4962; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4649; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4896;&#4755;&#4672;&#4672;&#4637;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4707;&#4706;&#4813; &#4704;&#4649; &#4619;&#4845; &#4678;&#4638; &#4672;&#4648;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4840;&#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763;&#4966; &#4661;&#4638;&#4729; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4720;&#4704;&#4619;&#4665;?</strong> &#8212; &#4813;&#4664;&#4725; &#4618;&#4843;&#4659;&#4637;&#4757;&#4613; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872; &#4656;&#4813; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4768;&#4843;&#4704;&#4619;&#4669;&#4637;&#4962; &#4840;&#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661;&#4966; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4843; &#4661;&#4638;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4937;&#4725; &#4616;&#4768;&#4757;&#4707;&#4706;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4617;&#4637;&#4963; &#4616;&#4659;&#4757;&#4657;&#4653; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#171;&#4638;&#4653; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4853;&#4639;&#4621;&#187; &#4706;&#4621; &#4632;&#4621;&#4657; &#4720;&#4824;&#4875;&#4869;&#4727;&#4621; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4635;&#4757;? &#4661;&#4616; &#4620;&#4616; &#4710;&#4723;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813;? &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4813;&#4664;&#4723;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4966; &#4848;&#4660;&#4722;&#4721; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725; &#4614;&#4752;&#4733;?</strong> &#8212; &#4843; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4640;&#4651; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4872;&#4813; &#4813;&#4739; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4656;&#4813; &#4632;&#4813;&#4899;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637;&#4964; &#4620;&#4619; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4635;&#4808;&#4851;&#4848;&#4650;&#4843; &#4768;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637;&#4964; &#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4872;&#4709;&#4726; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677;&#4757; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677; &#4768;&#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4848;&#4660;&#4722;&#4721; &#4941;&#4921;&#4637; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4733;&#4813; &#4704;&#4629;&#4883; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4866;&#4774;&#4877;&#4651;&#4938;&#4811;&#4637; &#4909;&#4637;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4966; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4840;&#4725; &#4678;&#4639;&#4621;?</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4637;&#4964; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707;&#4637; &#4768;&#4725;&#4632;&#4621;&#4656;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4610;&#4725;&#4622;&#4852;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813; &#4709;&#4616;&#4757; &#4709;&#4757;&#4621;&#4966; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4648;&#4837;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4649; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4939;&#4704;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4638;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813; &#4709;&#4616;&#4757; &#4709;&#4757;&#4621;&#4966; &#4840;&#4720;&#4651;&#4778;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637; &#4813;&#4664;&#4723;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4661;&#4637; &#4872;&#4709;&#4726; &#4720;&#4675;&#4813;&#4639;&#4621;&#4963; &#4848;&#4660;&#4722;&#4721;&#4637; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4651;&#4657; &#4704;&#4634;&#4843;&#4637;&#4757;&#4704;&#4725; &#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4619;&#4845; &#4709;&#4825; &#4840;&#4634;&#4875;&#4909; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4768;&#4619;&#4725;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4733;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4656;&#4813; &#4632;&#4757;&#4672;&#4659;&#4672;&#4661; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;&#4733;&#4637;&#4962; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4733; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4637;&#4648;&#4813; &#4629;&#4877; &#4843; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4672;&#4899;&#4813; &#4629;&#4877; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4651;&#4657; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4896;&#4757;&#4677;&#4678; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4902;&#4723;&#4621;&#4966; &#4840;&#4936;&#4648;&#4849;&#4704;&#4725; &#4661;&#4619;&#4632;&#4752; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4654;&#4876;&#4813; &#4635;&#4637;&#4616;&#4907;</strong> &#8212; &#4635;&#4757;&#4763;&#4813;&#4637; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813; &#4658;&#4845;&#4829; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4779;&#4757;&#4637; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4635;&#4808;&#4781;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4672;&#4899;&#4752;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4843; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4829;&#4877;&#4865; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4829;&#4877;&#4865; &#4632;&#4614;&#4753; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4813;&#4664;&#4725; &#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4811;&#4621; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4704;&#4768;&#4848;&#4707;&#4707;&#4845; &#4678;&#4638; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725;&#4613;&#4757; &#4725;&#4675;&#4896;&#4619;&#4616;&#4613; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4877;&#4909;&#4725; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4653;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4629;&#4878;&#4733; &#4768;&#4896;&#4872;&#4709; &#4616;&#4768;&#4896;&#4872;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4661;&#4616; &#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616; 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&#4776;&#4621;&#4709;&#4657; &#4645;&#4653; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721;&#4757; &#4633;&#4617; &#4840;&#4616;&#4704;&#4656;&#4813; &#4664;&#4779;&#4651; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4848;&#4704;&#4621;&#4613; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621;&#4962;</strong> &#4704;&#4841;&#4726;&#4917;&#4843; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4725;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4813; &#4710;&#4723;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4776;&#4637;&#4781;&#4653; &#4708;&#4721; &#4813;&#4909; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4781;&#4653; &#4707;&#4616;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4845;&#4872;&#4848;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4845;&#4613; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4677;&#4899;&#4725; &#4620;&#4619; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; 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&#4843;&#4659;&#4843;&#4621; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4704;&#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4661;&#4637; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4720;&#4808;&#4813; &#4635;&#4637;&#4616;&#4907; &#4720;&#4675;&#4651;&#4754;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4843;&#4621; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4704;&#4720;&#4632;&#4659;&#4659;&#4845; &#4872;&#4925; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#8212; &#4773;&#4755;&#4757;&#4720; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757; &#4723;&#4637;&#4755;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;&#4963; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813;&#4757; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4661;&#4638;&#4729;&#4757;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — Erasmus: In Praise of Folly]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661;&#4961; &#4661;&#4616; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755; &#171;&#4621;&#4776;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4637;&#4755;&#4621;&#4707;&#4725; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4901;&#4704;&#4710;&#4733; &#4840;&#4619;&#4672;&#4733; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4755;&#4725; &#8212; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4618;&#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4637;&#4648;&#4757; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962;&#187;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/erasmus-in-praise-of-folly</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/erasmus-in-praise-of-folly</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 13:03:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/217448731/32a224d07c72cedd8ed33f650f88c40b.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#4704;&#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4757; &#4707;&#4781;&#4616;&#4653;&#4661;&#4704;&#4650; &#4656;&#4936;&#4653; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;&#4963; &#4704;&#4781;&#4648;&#4637;&#4725;&#4963; &#4840;&#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4777;&#4619;&#4618;&#4725; &#4629;&#4632;&#4637; &#4720;&#4845;&#4830; &#4768;&#4621;&#4875; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4765;&#4727;&#4621;&#4962; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721;&#4757; &#4633;&#4617; &#4840;&#4758;&#4648;&#4813; &#4704;&#4901;&#4677;&#4661; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757; 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&#4840;&#4621;&#4848;&#4721; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4773;&#4653;&#4877;&#4896;&#4763; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#8212; &#4651;&#4657; &#4704;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4841; &#4874;&#4828;&#4843;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4840; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4720;&#4755;&#4877;&#4655;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4632;&#4808;&#4616;&#4853; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4896;&#4936; &#4635;&#4741;&#4720;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4707;&#4721; &#4676;&#4661; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4845;&#4707;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4877;&#4757;&#4761;&#4752;&#4721; &#4704;&#4629;&#4877;&#4637; &#4704;&#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4616;&#4776;&#4616; &#4661;&#4616;&#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4621;&#4865; &#4808;&#4848; &#4709;&#4825; &#4645;&#4651;&#4814;&#4733;&#4755; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4878;&#4733; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4661; &#4768;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4648;&#4653;&#4669;&#4761;</strong> &#8212; &#4728;&#4752;&#4936;&#4653; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757;&#4637; &#4808;&#4619;&#4870;&#4729; &#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4964; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4808;&#4619;&#4869; &#4768;&#4621;&#4707; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4709;&#4731; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4667;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4619;&#4869; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4621;&#4869; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4768;&#4813;&#4654;&#4947; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4845;&#4612;&#4851;&#4621;&#4964; &#4808;&#4848; &#171;&#4840;&#4875;&#4651; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4638;&#4733;&#187; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; &#4708;&#4725; &#4720;&#4619;&#4776; &#8212; &#4896;&#4811;&#4725;&#4755; &#4635;&#4723; &#4920;&#4622;&#4725;&#4963; &#4829;&#4637;&#4723;&#4963; &#4645;&#4752; &#4637;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4768;&#4645;&#4651;&#4814;&#4729; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4707; &#4675;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4872;&#4851;&#4637; &#4872;&#4707;&#4964; &#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660; &#4614;&#4752;&#4964; &#4672;&#4634;&#4661; &#4616;&#4704;&#4656;&#4964; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4779;&#4613;&#4757; &#4614;&#4758; &#4720;&#4670;&#4632; &#8212; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4909; &#4707;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813; &#4821;&#4853;&#4636; &#4619;&#4845;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4821;&#4853;&#4636; &#4621;&#4781; &#4840;&#4936;&#4723;&#4813; &#4675;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4923;&#4936;&#4963; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4619;&#4776;&#4963; &#4768;&#4635;&#4619;&#4870;&#4733; &#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4964; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4900;&#4755;&#4813;&#4755; &#4840;&#4901;&#4755;&#4725; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721; &#4720;&#4896;&#4677;&#4662; &#4874;&#4828;&#4843;&#4810; &#4936;&#4675;&#4853; &#4768;&#4872;&#4760;&#4964; &#4776;&#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4654;&#4637; &#4915;&#4915;&#4661; &#4824;&#4619;&#4674; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4616;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4757;&#4707;&#4709; &#4708;&#4725; &#4725;&#4845;&#4841;</strong> &#8212; &#4770;&#4725;&#4846;&#4917;&#4843;&#4810; &#4621;&#4869; &#4872;&#4755; &#4704;&#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4704;&#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4808;&#4848; &#4757;&#4707;&#4709; &#4708;&#4725;&#4963; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4808;&#4848; &#4828;&#4635; &#4708;&#4725;&#4963; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4808;&#4848; &#4677;&#4756; &#4708;&#4725; &#4845;&#4619;&#4779;&#4621;&#4964; &#4840;&#4619;&#4776;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4705; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4779;&#4613;&#4753; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4853;&#4613;&#4752;&#4721; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4808;&#4848; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4709; &#4661;&#4725;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4651;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4781;&#4941;&#4616; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4707;&#4845;&#4827;&#4757;&#4723;&#4845;&#4757; &#4877;&#4827;&#4725; &#4773;&#4840;&#4936;&#4648;&#4656; &#4658;&#4612;&#4853; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4899;&#4618;&#4843;&#4757; &#4720;&#4656;&#4848;&#4849;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4610;&#4841;&#4635;&#4754;&#4661;&#4725; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4635;&#4821;&#4776;&#4621; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4963; &#4781;&#4619;&#4658;&#4779;&#4621; &#4925;&#4625;&#4942;&#4733;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4896;&#4755; &#4637;&#4609;&#4653; &#8212; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4948;&#4725;&#4651;&#4653;&#4781; &#4619;&#4617; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4616;&#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725; &#4720;&#4824;&#4877;&#4726; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648; &#4704;&#4653; &#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4853;&#4875;&#4634; &#4632;&#4808;&#4616;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#4640;&#4819;&#4618;&#4814;&#4733; &#4653;&#4672;&#4725;&#4755; &#4677;&#4653;&#4704;&#4725;&#4757; &#4704;&#4645;&#4821;&#4621; &#4840;&#4635;&#4659;&#4840;&#4725; &#4824;&#4852; &#4776;&#4901;&#4757;&#4723;&#4810; &#4645;&#4752; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4720;&#4637;&#4648;&#4813; &#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4651;&#4810; &#4635;&#4853;&#4648;&#4877; &#4864;&#4632;&#4649;&#4964; &#4650;&#4755;&#4659;&#4757;&#4661; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4845;&#4613; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4768;&#4851;&#4874;&#4661;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4901;&#4757;&#4723;&#4810; &#4877;&#4650;&#4781;&#4755; &#4619;&#4722;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757;&#4910;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4899;&#4897; &#4637;&#4659;&#4620;&#4814;&#4733;&#4755; &#4624;&#4648;&#4878;&#4733; &#4661;&#4709;&#4661;&#4709;&#4964; &#4704;&#4899;&#4637; &#4720;&#4808;&#4848;&#4848;&#4963; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4768;&#4661;&#4872;&#4760;&#4963; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4813;&#4654;&#4947; &#4768;&#4656;&#4635;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4608;&#4872;&#4653; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4756;&#4824;&#4653;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#4661; &#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4963; &#4704;&#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845; &#4720;&#4635;&#4648;&#4963; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648;&#4963; &#4704;&#4899;&#4618;&#4843;&#4757; &#4720;&#4824;&#4811;&#4808;&#4648;&#4963; &#4704;&#4661;&#4810;&#4824;&#4653;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#4840;&#4768;&#4707;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637;&#4963; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4877;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4661;&#4637; &#4709;&#4731; &#4640;&#4651;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4637;&#4757; &#4758;&#4648;?</strong> &#8212; &#4683;&#4634; &#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4841;&#4754;&#4712;&#4653;&#4658;&#4722; &#4808;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4843;&#4824;&#4637;&#4964; &#4915;&#4915;&#4661; &#4768;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752;&#4637;&#4964; &#4779;&#4613;&#4757; &#4614;&#4758; &#4720;&#4665;&#4639;&#4621; &#4877;&#4757; &#4656;&#4704;&#4779; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4661;&#4902;&#4723; &#4619;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4787;&#4757;&#4757;&#4725;&#4963; &#4915;&#4915;&#4659;&#4725;&#4755; &#4608;&#4709;&#4723;&#4638;&#4733; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4810; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4845;&#4632;&#4853;&#4705;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4637;&#4609;&#4653; &#4848;&#4875;&#4938;&#4844; &#4752;&#4813; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4651;&#4657; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4877; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4661;&#4902;&#4723; &#4840;&#4634;&#4656;&#4901; &#4656;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4635;&#4678;&#4637; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4634;&#4659;&#4616;&#4677;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4808;&#4848; &#4632;&#4787;&#4757;&#4757;&#4725; &#4661;&#4725;&#4848;&#4653;&#4661; &#4896;&#4757;&#4781;&#4651; &#4725;&#4659;&#4616;&#4677;&#4707;&#4728;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4843; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4840;&#4634;&#4656;&#4897;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4610;&#4841;&#4635;&#4754;&#4661;&#4725; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4781;&#4613;&#4622;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4848;&#4757;&#4705; &#4877;&#4621;&#4925; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4720;&#4613; &#4661;&#4616; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4901;&#4649;&#4813;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4725;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4616;&#4613;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4637;&#4755; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4677;&#4756; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4656;&#4633; &#4619;&#4845; &#4619;&#4841; &#4840;&#4634;&#4656;&#4635;&#4813; &#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4808;&#4653;&#4673; &#4776;&#4645;&#4649; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4618;&#4673; &#4704;&#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4938;&#4725; &#4843;&#4632;&#4656;&#4877;&#4755;&#4621;&#4963; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665; &#4843;&#4904;&#4704;&#4909;&#4707;&#4621;&#4963; &#4901;&#4674;&#4726;&#4733; &#4877;&#4757; &#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4637;&#4720;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4659;&#4813; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;</strong> &#8212; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4616;&#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4840;&#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4878; &#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4621;?</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 2 &#8212; &#4829;&#4757;&#4709;&#4757; &#4843;&#4632;&#4656;&#4872;&#4752; &#4656;&#4813;&#4755; &#4840;&#4710;&#4622;&#4763; &#4704;&#4653; (&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4677;&#4653;&#4921; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4648;&#4656; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4824;&#4852; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4776;&#4632;&#4808;&#4616;&#4849; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4672;&#4848;&#4637; &#4709;&#4622; &#4704;&#4654;&#4635; &#4877;&#4827;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4617;&#4677;&#4843;&#4758;&#4661; &#4840;&#4634;&#4707;&#4621; &#4662;&#4653;&#4843;&#4810; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938; &#4704;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781;&#4763; &#4845;&#4925;&#4941; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4661;&#4616; &#4829;&#4757;&#4709; &#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4617;&#4677;&#4843;&#4758;&#4661; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4616;&#4614;&#4752; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4707;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4808;&#4661;&#4854; &#4616;&#4720;&#4755;&#4672; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4840;&#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683; &#4829;&#4757;&#4709;&#4757; &#4768;&#4632;&#4656;&#4872;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4672;&#4621;&#4849; &#4840;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4672;&#4621;&#4849; &#4704;&#4829;&#4757;&#4705; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4677;&#4653;&#4921; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4843; &#4677;&#4653;&#4925; &#4635;&#4757;&#4763;&#4813;&#4757;&#4637; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4635;&#4659;&#4632;&#4653; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4940;&#4829; &#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4677;&#4653;&#4921; &#4661;&#4637; &#4845;&#4613; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4901;&#4674;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4672;&#4848;&#4637; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4617;&#4677;&#4843;&#4758;&#4661;&#4757; &#4925;&#4625;&#4942;&#4733; &#4776;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4808;&#4848; &#4619;&#4722;&#4757; &#4658;&#4720;&#4648;&#4873;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4776;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4808;&#4851;&#4865; &#4875;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4632;&#4621;&#4632;&#4867;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4637;&#4613;&#4649; &#4653;&#4821;&#4661; &#4845;&#4656;&#4899;&#4621;&#4964; &#4720;&#4635;&#4650;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4843; &#4653;&#4821;&#4661; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4875;&#4621;&#4964; &#4653;&#4821;&#4657; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4637;&#4757;&#4704;&#4725; &#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4768;&#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4872;&#4813;&#4637; &#8212; &#4901;&#4704;&#4705; &#4704;&#4768;&#4672;&#4651;&#4648;&#4705; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4936;&#4648;&#4661; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4776;&#4899;&#4618;&#4843;&#4757; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4840;&#4768;&#4621;&#4949;&#4661; &#4720;&#4651;&#4654;&#4733;&#4757; &#4768;&#4683;&#4653;&#4902; &#4808;&#4848; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; 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&#4720;&#4678;&#4648;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4725;&#4829;&#4723; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4813;&#4661;&#4897; &#4843;&#4617;&#4725; &#4704;&#4653;&#4779;&#4723; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781;&#4755; &#4840;&#4619;&#4722;&#4757; &#4901;&#4677;&#4662;&#4733; &#4609;&#4617; &#4643;&#4901;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4776;&#4936;&#4725; &#4776;&#4909;&#4757;&#4677;&#4619;&#4721; &#4840;&#4808;&#4897; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4710;&#4622;&#4763; &#4704;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4704;&#4648;&#4869;&#4637;&#4755; &#4768;&#4853;&#4779;&#4634; &#4776;&#4704;&#4707; &#4661;&#4725;&#4808;&#4853;&#4677; &#4768;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938;&#4813; &#4704;&#4853;&#4621; &#4640;&#4621;&#4941;&#4963; &#4704;&#4824;&#4936;&#4757;&#4963; &#4704;&#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4808;&#4848; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4872;&#4707;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4843; 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&#4768;&#4659;&#4720;&#4632;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4672;&#4621;&#4849; &#4901;&#4653;&#4661; &#4768;&#4872;&#4760;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4672;&#4853;&#4638; &#4632;&#4899;&#4964; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4777; &#4768;&#4850;&#4661; &#4778;&#4851;&#4757; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4824;&#4877;&#4845;&#4726; &#4632;&#4899; &#8212; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4661;&#4725;&#4659;&#4616;&#4677; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4872;&#4755; &#4768;&#4619;&#4648;&#4875;&#4872;&#4896;&#4813;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4653;&#4722;&#4757; &#4617;&#4720;&#4653; &#4720;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4915;&#4813;&#4622;&#4661; &#4808;&#4848; &#4654;&#4635; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4632;&#4621;&#4821;&#4781;&#4725; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4653; &#4720;&#4656;&#4901;&#4726;&#4725; &#4840;&#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661;&#4757; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; 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&#4720;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 3 &#8212; &#4870;&#4654; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4678;&#4709; &#4704;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4619;&#4845; (&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;)</h2><p>&#4845;&#4613; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;&#4963; &#4660;&#4651; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;&#4963; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4619;&#4845; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4638;&#4725;&#4637;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4650; &#4725;&#4752;&#4659;&#4616;&#4733;&#4963; &#4725;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4616;&#4733;&#4963; &#4725;&#4904;&#4653;&#4659;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4845;&#4776;&#4720;&#4619;&#4621;&#4963; &#4776;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4864;&#4637;&#4654;&#4962;</p><p><strong>&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4966; &#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4650;&#4811; &#4661;&#4725;&#4678;&#4637;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4757;&#4704;&#4654;&#4729; &#4638;&#4621;&#4720;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4938;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4648;&#4853;&#4941; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757;&#4963; &#4776;&#4878;&#4755;&#4728;&#4813; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4963; &#4776;&#4747;&#4619; &#4920;&#4624;&#4941;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4645;&#4752; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4635;&#4649; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4661;&#4709;&#4656;&#4707; &#4840;&#4634;&#4896;&#4709;&#4672;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4768;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4872;&#4707;&#4733;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4620;&#4619; &#4755;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4672;&#4621;&#4848;&#4763; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661; 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&#4808;&#4851;&#4869; &#4768;&#4845;&#4758;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4653;&#4659;&#4721; &#4661;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4813; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4723;&#4810; &#4706;&#4614;&#4757; &#4758;&#4654; &#4768;&#4845;&#4875;&#4707;&#4637;&#4963; &#4768;&#4845;&#4808;&#4621;&#4853;&#4637;&#4963; &#4768;&#4843;&#4936;&#4677;&#4653;&#4637;&#4963; &#4883;&#4848;&#4763; &#4768;&#4845;&#4845;&#4829;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4661;&#4620;&#4721;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616;&#4648;&#4659; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4843; &#4632;&#4653;&#4659;&#4725; &#4620;&#4724; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4843;&#4656;&#4939;&#4733;&#4704;&#4725; &#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4941;&#4677;&#4653;&#4757;&#4963; &#4725;&#4851;&#4653;&#4757;&#4963; &#4773;&#4755;&#4725;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757;&#4963; &#4808;&#4851;&#4869;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4808;&#4661;&#4851; &#4704;&#4651;&#4663; &#4661;&#4637; &#4645;&#4653; &#4768;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665;&#4757; &#4661;&#4725;&#4830;&#4653;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4848; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709;&#4757; &#4773;&#4843;&#4723;&#4616;&#4617; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4848;&#4653;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813;&#4757; &#4704;&#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4632;&#4704;&#4829;&#4704;&#4829; &#8212; &#4845;&#4613; &#4609;&#4617; &#4645;&#4651;&#4844; &#4752;&#4813; &#4768;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4808;&#4848; &#4938;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4648;&#4853;&#4941; &#4830;&#4648;&#4733;&#4966; &#171;&#4659;&#4723;&#4813;&#4673; &#4616;&#4773;&#4756; &#4773;&#4840;&#4640;&#4651;&#4733;&#4609; &#4752;&#4813;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4651;&#4661;&#4757; &#4632;&#4813;&#4848;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634;&#4813; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4901;&#4649; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4779;&#4619;&#4632;&#4752; &#4768;&#4843;&#4659;&#4725;&#4632;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4813; &#4853;&#4637;&#4921; &#4848;&#4661; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4621; &#4779;&#4619;&#4656;&#4704; &#4768;&#4845;&#4824;&#4637;&#4653;&#4637;&#4964; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4811;&#4621; &#4706;&#4733;&#4621; &#4758;&#4654; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4920;&#4901; &#4845;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4830;&#4733; &#4813;&#4704;&#4723;&#4733;&#4757; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;&#4964; &#4661;&#4782;&#4725;&#4619;&#4757;&#4851;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4637; &#4725;&#4813;&#4621;&#4853; &#4768;&#4616;&#4757; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;&#4964; &#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4846;&#4733; &#4645;&#4752; &#4637;&#4877;&#4707;&#4651;&#4733;&#4757; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;&#4964; &#4899;&#4618;&#4843;&#4758;&#4733; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4723;&#4733;&#4757; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4936;&#4648;&#4848;?</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4709;&#4731; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4733;&#4966; &#4635;&#4757; &#4616;&#4779;? &#4635;&#4757; &#4768;&#4752;&#4923;&#4920;&#4648;? &#4632;&#4621;&#4657; &#8212; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637;&#4964; &#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4936;&#4653;&#4854; &#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4811;&#4661;&#4813; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733;&#4755; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634;&#4814;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4752;&#4657; &#4840;&#4720;&#4635;&#4650;&#4814;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4941;&#4653;&#4611;&#4725; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4845;&#4678;&#4901;&#4649;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634;&#4814;&#4733; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4621;&#4896;&#4840;&#4675;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4813;&#4851;&#4660; &#4845;&#4925;&#4939;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4896;&#4704;&#4678;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4645;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813; &#4629;&#4877;&#4757; &#4635;&#4709;&#4651;&#4651;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4635;&#4808;&#4659;&#4656;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4873;&#4851;&#4845; &#4813;&#4661;&#4709;&#4661;&#4709; &#4704;&#4614;&#4752; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653; &#4781;&#4941;&#4843;&#4813; &#4845;&#4648;&#4829;&#4635;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4936;&#4619;&#4661;&#4942;&#4733;&#4755; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4901;&#4654; &#4632;&#4653;&#4635;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4704;&#4773;&#4653;&#4877;&#4896;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4845;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4617;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616; &#4776;&#4811;&#4781;&#4709;&#4725; &#4653;&#4672;&#4725; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653; &#4845;&#4656;&#4899;&#4617;&#4963; &#4840;&#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4708;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4848;&#4653; &#4768;&#4845;&#4733;&#4617;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4654;&#4733;&#4755; &#4752;&#4875;&#4852;&#4814;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4654;&#4733; &#4661;&#4616;&#4635;&#4843;&#4813;&#4673;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;&#4963; &#4619;&#4621;&#4632;&#4648;&#4897;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813;&#4963; &#4707;&#4621;&#4872;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725; &#4845;&#4811;&#4875;&#4617;&#4964; &#4752;&#4875;&#4852;&#4814;&#4733; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4678;&#4669;&#4664;&#4813;&#4757; &#4645;&#4651; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4617; &#8212; &#4614;&#4758;&#4637; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4661;&#4619;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4704;&#4899;&#4637; &#4845;&#4776;&#4704;&#4651;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4667;&#4635;&#4755; &#4773;&#4757;&#4904;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4854;&#4733; &#4667;&#4635; &#4845;&#4616;&#4777;&#4659;&#4617;&#4963; &#4661;&#4757;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4616;&#4782;&#4657; &#4845;&#4678;&#4901;&#4651;&#4617;&#4964; &#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4848;&#4656; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4720;&#4664;&#4896;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4673;&#4651;&#4909; &#4773;&#4757;&#4904;&#4725; &#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4845;&#4830;&#4651;&#4617;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4733; &#8212; &#4845;&#4613; &#4609;&#4617; &#4661;&#4757;&#4725; &#4843;&#4661;&#4776;&#4941;&#4619;&#4621;? &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4705;&#4661; &#4840;&#4725; &#4845;&#4612;&#4851;&#4621;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4673; &#4658;&#4672;&#4757;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4705; &#4840;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4612;&#4853; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813; &#4659;&#4677; &#4672;&#4752;&#4656;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4752;&#4782;&#4659;&#4721;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4757;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4848;&#4872;&#4633;&#4963; &#4704;&#4637;&#4757; &#4656;&#4819;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4720;&#4752;&#4657;&#4963; &#4672;&#4634;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4661;&#4757;&#4725; &#4683;&#4896;&#4654; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4616;&#4813; &#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4617;&#4964; &#4704;&#4941;&#4653;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757;&#4753; &#4626;&#4659;&#4709; &#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4672;&#4653;&#4705; &#4843;&#4637;&#4755;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4936;&#4651;&#4865; &#4658;&#4843;&#4683;&#4653;&#4896;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660;&#4813; &#4926;&#4633;&#4757;&#4963; &#4661;&#4877;&#4848;&#4721;&#4757;&#4755; &#4920;&#4622;&#4721;&#4757; &#4658;&#4824;&#4648;&#4829;&#4653; &#4936;&#4651;&#4865; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4709;&#4731; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4966; &#171;&#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4635;&#4757; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4613;?&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4672;&#4621;&#4849; &#4635;&#4757; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4675;&#4621; &#4872;&#4709;&#4727;&#4621;&#4963; &#4672;&#4634;&#4661; &#4616;&#4709;&#4663;&#4621; &#8212; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;&#4704;&#4725;&#4757; &#4808;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653; &#4768;&#4619;&#4616;&#4936;&#4733;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4645;&#4752; &#4632;&#4616;&#4782;&#4725; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4877;&#4826;&#4768;&#4709;&#4628;&#4653; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4658;&#4936;&#4901;&#4653; &#4704;&#4840;&#4725;&#4763;&#4813; &#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;? &#4632;&#4621;&#4768;&#4781; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723; &#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;? &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4726;&#4661; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4677;&#4653;&#4925; &#4618;&#4632;&#4899; &#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4808;&#4875;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4613; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4661;&#4616; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4726;&#4661; &#4709;&#4825; &#4925;&#4936;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4726;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4776;&#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4706;&#4672;&#4632;&#4901; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4648;&#4851;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4848; &#4619;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4787;&#4757;&#4757;&#4725; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709;&#4757; &#4618;&#4896;&#4709;&#4673; &#4720;&#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4874;&#4828;&#4843;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4848;&#4757;&#4755; &#4704;&#4877;&#4709;&#4835; &#4843;&#4659;&#4621;&#4939;&#4617;&#4964; &#4824;&#4813;&#4849; &#4651;&#4657; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4877;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757;? &#4840;&#4634;&#4664;&#4776;&#4632;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4648;&#4661;&#4726;&#4723;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4755; &#4915;&#4915;&#4659;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4633;&#4617; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4938;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4757;&#4896;&#4621;&#4901;&#4623;&#4621;&#4964; &#4757;&#4873;&#4641; &#4658;&#4661;&#4677; &#4845;&#4661;&#4675;&#4617;&#4963; &#4658;&#4843;&#4829;&#4757; &#4843;&#4829;&#4755;&#4617; &#8212; &#4840;&#4782;&#4619;&#4778;&#4843; &#4621;&#4870;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4915;&#4915;&#4659;&#4725; &#4632;&#4757;&#4875; &#4618;&#4896;&#4709;&#4673; &#4720;&#4665;&#4632;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4678;&#4901;&#4649;&#4725; &#4872;&#4706; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4654;&#4637; &#4808;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4624;&#4811;&#4653;&#4843;&#4725; &#4853;&#4613;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813;&#4963; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4613; &#4608;&#4709;&#4725; &#4768;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4624;&#4811;&#4653;&#4843;&#4725; &#4720;&#4656;&#4848;&#4849;&#4963; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4613; &#4902;&#4653; &#4845;&#4632;&#4651;&#4617;&#4964; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721; &#4720;&#4824;&#4653;&#4829;&#4654; &#4658;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4845;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621; &#8212; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4777;&#4725;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4811;&#4757; &#4661;&#4723;&#4672;&#4653;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4756; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4779;&#4848;&#4648;&#4877;&#4609; &#4637;&#4757; &#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4763;&#4621;? &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4617;&#4765;&#4963; &#4768;&#4632;&#4661;&#4877;&#4753;&#4765;&#4963; &#4709;&#4725;&#4936;&#4621;&#4873;&#4637; &#4768;&#4637;&#4621;&#4777;&#4765; &#4768;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4720;&#4678;&#4899;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4658;&#4723;&#4720;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4779;&#4777;&#4725; &#4609;&#4617; &#4720;&#4678;&#4897; &#8212; &#4896;&#4704;&#4678;&#4729;&#4963; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4753;&#4963; &#4632;&#4787;&#4757;&#4757;&#4721;&#4964; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4840;&#4720;&#4678;&#4897;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4645;&#4752; &#4632;&#4616;&#4782;&#4725; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4649;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725;&#4966; &#4659;&#4673; &#4840;&#4634;&#4678;&#4637;&#4704;&#4725;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4651; &#4901;&#4677;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4776;&#4915;&#4813;&#4622;&#4661; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4768;&#4752;&#4659;&#4733;&#4964; &#171;&#4773;&#4763; &#4661;&#4616; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4726;&#4661; &#4638;&#4766;&#4733; &#4752;&#4757;&#187; &#4709;&#4623;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4710;&#4723; &#4840;&#4632;&#4661;&#4672;&#4617; &#4661;&#4709;&#4776;&#4725; &#4616;&#4634;&#4896;&#4937; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621; &#8212; &#4840;&#4773;&#4877;&#4826;&#4768;&#4709;&#4628;&#4653; &#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4845;&#4704;&#4621;&#4899;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4901;&#4677;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4725;&#4616;&#4672;&#4813;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4661;&#4779;&#4609;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4659;&#4616;&#4672;&#4733;&#4813; &#4704;&#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4651;&#4657; &#4677;&#4849;&#4661; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4616; &#8212; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4773;&#4826;&#4843; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4656;&#4872;&#4752; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4753; &#4638;&#4765;</strong> &#8212; &#4608;&#4709;&#4721;&#4757; &#4845;&#4757;&#4675;&#4621;&#4963; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4661;&#4620;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4877; &#4658;&#4672;&#4653;&#4709;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4808;&#4661;&#4853;&#4637;&#4964; &#4658;&#4659;&#4616;&#4673;&#4704;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4632;&#4621;&#4661;&#4637;&#4964; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4726;&#4729; &#4843;&#4829;&#4753;&#4616;&#4723;&#4621;&#4963; &#4824;&#4632;&#4854;&#4729; &#4843;&#4941;&#4649;&#4704;&#4723;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4826;&#4613; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4813;&#4909; &#4843;&#4616; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4845;&#4656;&#4635;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4658;&#4632;&#4616;&#4657; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4851;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4733;&#4617;&#4637;&#4963; &#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637; &#4768;&#4843;&#4813;&#4673;&#4725;&#4637; &#8212; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4673;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4966; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4773;&#4843;&#4617; &#4848;&#4661;&#4720;&#4766;&#4733; &#4752;&#4704;&#4649;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4621;&#4709;&#4663; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4616;&#4808;&#4896;&#4637;&#4964; &#4678;&#4711; &#4872;&#4755; &#4870;&#4654; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4964; &#4672;&#4621;&#4848;&#4763;&#4811; &#4872;&#4755; &#4704;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4619;&#4845; &#4755;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4853;&#4757;&#4872;&#4725; &#4678;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665;&#4757; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4781;&#4723; &#4704;&#4651;&#4663; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4659;&#4616;&#4672;&#4733; &#8212; &#4648;&#4869;&#4637; &#4656;&#4704;&#4781;&#4777; &#4768;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4650;&#4811; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4639;&#4619; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4632;&#4896;&#4704;&#4677; &#4768;&#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4675;&#4623;</strong> &#8212; &#4848;&#4613;&#4755; &#4609;&#4753;&#4964; &#4768;&#4904;&#4709;&#4909;&#4705;&#4964; &#4753;&#4649;&#4964; &#4896;&#4897; &#8212; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4808;&#4648;&#4848;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4757;&#4896;&#4678;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4768;&#4941; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#171;&#4773;&#4756; &#4768;&#4619;&#4621;&#4777;&#4637;&#4964; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4755;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4733;&#4813;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4632;&#4776;&#4619;&#4776;&#4843;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4640;&#4651; &#4808;&#4845;? &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4776;&#4638;&#4720; &#4776;&#4611;&#4843; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4704;&#4720;&#4776;&#4616;&#4776;&#4617; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4653; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4872;&#4707;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4768;&#4677;&#4899;&#4907; &#4672;&#4840;&#4648;?</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4825; &#4768;&#4757;&#4707;&#4706;&#4814;&#4733; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4873;&#4853;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4843;&#4841;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4877;&#4757; &#4620;&#4619; &#4723;&#4843;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4776;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4864;&#4637;&#4654; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4723;&#4810; &#4843;&#4621;&#4614;&#4753; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4661;&#4637; &#4645;&#4653; &#4773;&#4840;&#4656;&#4704;&#4656;&#4704; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; &#4710;&#4723; &#4840;&#4877;&#4853; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757; &#4725;&#4808;&#4781;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;?</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4757;&#4672;&#4925; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4616;&#4635;&#4808;&#4677;&#4963; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4677;&#4832;&#4725;&#4963; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725;&#4963; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4651;&#4661;&#4757; &#4632;&#4661;&#4896;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4848;&#4704;&#4619;&#4616;&#4673; &#4709;&#4621;&#4611;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4675;&#4621; &#4720;&#4845;&#4830; &#4706;&#4672;&#4653; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4901;&#4709; &#4709;&#4731; &#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4773;&#4840;&#4720;&#4757;&#4664;&#4651;&#4720;&#4720; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4612;&#4853; &#4768;&#4757;&#4707;&#4706;&#4813; &#4658;&#4661;&#4635;&#4635; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4811;&#4621; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4635;&#4704;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4808;&#4852;&#4725; &#4773;&#4840;&#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4824;&#4877;&#4845;&#4726; &#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4779;&#4813;?</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4635;&#4649; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4616;&#4936;&#4733;&#4637;&#4964; &#4632;&#4752;&#4782;&#4659;&#4725;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4616;&#4936;&#4733;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4787;&#4757;&#4757;&#4725; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4649; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4616;&#4936;&#4733;&#4637; &#8212; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4632;&#4752;&#4667; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#4704;&#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4752;&#4779;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733; &#4840;&#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4872;&#4621;&#4709;&#4902; &#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4808;&#4901;&#4726;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4773;&#4637;&#4706; &#4768;&#4616;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4672;&#4619;&#4621; &#4635;&#4853;&#4648;&#4877; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4723;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4781;&#4616;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; &#4638;&#4653; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4726; &#4757;&#4873;&#4641;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4675;&#4808;&#4632;&#4637;&#4964; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813; &#4829;&#4637; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4648;&#4632;&#4637;&#4963; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4621;&#4936;&#4648;&#4632;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; &#4827;&#4652; &#4725;&#4808;&#4661;&#4848;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4709;&#4656;&#4707; &#4619;&#4845; &#4619;&#4616;&#4632;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4725;&#4808;&#4661;&#4755;&#4616;&#4613;&#4964; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4845;&#4830;&#4653;&#4621;&#4611;&#4621;&#4963; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4845;&#4936;&#4653;&#4635;&#4621;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4720; &#4709;&#4821;&#4649;&#4757; &#4768;&#4725;&#4752;&#4779;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653;&#4781;&#4637; &#4709;&#4616;&#4613; &#4723;&#4661;&#4707;&#4616;&#4613; &#8212; &#4781;&#4941;&#4617; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4617;&#4725; &#4609;&#4617; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4709;&#4704;&#4813;&#4723;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4840;&#4645;&#4752; &#4632;&#4616;&#4782;&#4725; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4678;&#4897;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4755;&#4728;&#4813; &#4632;&#4640;&#4648;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4723;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4899;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4896;&#4704;&#4675; &#171;&#4629;&#4877; &#4768;&#4813;&#4675;&#4616;&#4609;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4963; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#171;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4813;&#4675;&#4616;&#4609;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621; &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4720;&#4664;&#4757;&#4936;&#4813; &#4618;&#4632;&#4616;&#4657; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4779;&#4813; &#4632;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4650;&#4843;&#4728;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4757;&#4941;&#4755; &#171;&#4661;&#4616;&#4635;&#4845;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4725;&#4904;&#4675;&#4904;&#4675;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;&#187; &#4661;&#4725;&#4621; &#4840;&#4752;&#4779;&#4733;&#4813; &#4632;&#4752;&#4667; &#4925;&#4625;&#4939;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4635;&#4843;&#4648;&#4875;&#4877;&#4896;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4776;&#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4632;&#4752;&#4667; &#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4659;&#4720;&#4632;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4621;&#4776;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4845;&#4776;&#4619;&#4776;&#4619;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4726;&#4618;&#4782;&#4733; &#171;&#4840;&#4632;&#4755;&#4941;&#4675;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909;&#187; &#4768;&#4617;&#4725;&#4963; &#4949;&#4654;&#4724;&#4661;&#4723;&#4757;&#4726;&#4733; &#171;&#4936;&#4650;&#187; &#4768;&#4617;&#4725;&#4964; &#4936;&#4650; &#4656;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4901;&#4704;&#4675; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4872;&#4813; &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849;&#4757; &#4845;&#4632;&#4653;&#4899;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4768;&#4725;&#4661;&#4635;&#4635;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4901;&#4704;&#4675; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;&#4966; &#4661;&#4637;&#4963; &#4848;&#4875;&#4938;&#4814;&#4733;&#4963; &#4704;&#4768;&#4813;&#4654;&#4947; &#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4923;&#4923;&#4939;&#4728;&#4813; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4963; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4872;&#4705; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4658;&#4776;&#4709;&#4848;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4620;&#4619; &#4720;&#4824;&#4811;&#4813;&#4655;&#4621; &#8212; &#4617;&#4720;&#4653; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4632;&#4661;&#4941;&#4757; &#4773;&#4661;&#4778;&#4848;&#4709;&#4672;&#4813; &#4853;&#4648;&#4661; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4704;&#4677;&#4704;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4824;&#4852; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4616;&#4617;&#4720;&#4653; &#171;&#4624;&#4659;&#4709;&#4613; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4824;&#4852;&#4613; &#4877;&#4757; &#4661;&#4613;&#4720;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4964; &#4720;&#4683;&#4637; &#4658;&#4936;&#4653;&#4661; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4618;&#4678;&#4899;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637; &#4709;&#4622; &#4843;&#4637;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4720;&#4611;&#4853;&#4662;&#4813; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4776;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4875;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4617;&#4720;&#4653; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4708;&#4721; &#4658;&#4675;&#4896;&#4621; &#4813;&#4739;&#4813;&#4757; &#4672;&#4661; &#4709;&#4616;&#4613; &#4723;&#4936;&#4659;&#4616;&#4613;? &#4709;&#4622; &#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4964; &#4658;&#4808;&#4872;&#4829;&#4637; &#171;&#4704;&#4826;&#4613; &#4619;&#4845; &#4678;&#4636;&#4843;&#4616;&#4609;&#4964; &#4620;&#4619; &#4635;&#4853;&#4648;&#4877; &#4768;&#4621;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637;&#4962;&#187; &#4768;&#4616; &#8212; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721; &#4633;&#4617; &#4618;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4733;&#4616;&#4813; &#4675;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4665;&#4755; &#4824;&#4650;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#171;&#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4632;&#4652;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4648;&#4656;&#4964; &#4617;&#4720;&#4653; &#4824;&#4651;&#4704;&#4725;&#4962;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4637;&#4723; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4813;&#4757; &#4725;&#4720;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4632;&#4652;&#4721;&#4757; &#4779;&#4648;&#4661;&#4781; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4661;&#4616;&#4720;&#4824;&#4651;&#4704;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4720;&#4896;&#4843;&#4674; &#4752;&#4613; &#4808;&#4845;? &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#171;&#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#171;&#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4661;&#4619;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616; &#4776;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4720;&#4824;&#4811;&#4813;&#4655;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4811;&#4667;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4932; &#4657;&#4661;&#4757;&#4846;&#4661; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4779;&#4726;&#4618;&#4781; &#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4658;&#4872;&#4707; &#4608;&#4872;&#4650;&#4721; &#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#171;&#4840;&#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4869; &#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4725;&#187; &#4768;&#4616;&#4963; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#171;&#4840;&#4768;&#4707;&#4726;&#4731;&#4733;&#4757;&#187; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4824;&#4653;&#4819; &#4843;&#4821;&#4678;&#4709; &#4840;&#4634;&#4707;&#4621; &#4656;&#4813; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757;&#4637; &#4725;&#4726; &#4808;&#4848; &#4811;&#4667; &#4872;&#4707;&#4963; &#4624;&#4720;&#4723; &#4840;&#4634;&#4707;&#4621; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4923;&#4936; &#8212; &#4632;&#4661;&#4936;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849;&#4637; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4840;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4776;&#4843;&#4966; &#4768;&#4932; &#4824;&#4653;&#4819; &#4843;&#4821;&#4678;&#4709;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4621;&#4777;&#4637;&#4964; &#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4658;&#4843;&#4752;&#4659; &#4651;&#4657; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4781;&#4616;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4821;&#4706;&#4725;&#4755; &#4777;&#4651;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4651;&#4661;&#4757; &#4632;&#4813;&#4848;&#4853; &#4658;&#4656;&#4939; &#4661;&#4633; &#4845;&#4616;&#4808;&#4899;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4725;&#4821;&#4706;&#4725; &#4845;&#4707;&#4619;&#4621;&#4963; &#4704;&#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4619;&#4845; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4777;&#4651;&#4725; &#4845;&#4707;&#4619;&#4621; &#8212; &#4725;&#4821;&#4706;&#4725; 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&#4840;&#4872;&#4707;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#4632;&#4776;&#4619;&#4776;&#4843;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4851;&#4752;&#4963; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4851;&#4752;&#4637;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4872;&#4621;&#4709;&#4902; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4768;&#4661;&#4808;&#4901;&#4726;&#4962;</strong> &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660; &#4614;&#4758; &#4632;&#4752;&#4782;&#4659;&#4725;&#4757;&#4963; &#4704;&#4848;&#4875;&#4938; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4773;&#4840;&#4758;&#4648; &#4632;&#4787;&#4757;&#4757;&#4725;&#4757; &#4658;&#4659;&#4616;&#4677; &#4706;&#4619;&#4811;&#4813;&#4757; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4830;&#4648; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4776;&#4781;&#4657; &#4768;&#4808;&#4899;? &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4653;&#4821;&#4657;&#4755; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4635;&#4637;&#4616;&#4907; &#4704;&#4653; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#171;&#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4635;&#4757; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4613;?&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657; &#4675;&#4621; &#4840;&#4872;&#4707; &#4656;&#4813; &#4632;&#4614;&#4753;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4723;&#4813;&#4659;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4637; &#4635;&#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4621;&#4776;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;?</strong> &#4617;&#4720;&#4653; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4923;&#4936;&#4964; &#4638;&#4653; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619;&#4813;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4936;&#4653;&#4637; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4848;&#4704;&#4672;&#4637;&#4964; &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648; &#8212; &#4877;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4768;&#4621;&#4723;&#4808;&#4672;&#4637;&#4962; &#4704;&#4768;&#4848;&#4872;&#4763; &#4874;&#4828; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757;&#4659;&#4725; &#4840;&#4901;&#4757;&#4675;&#4676; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4840;&#4776;&#4936;&#4617;&#4725;&#4757; &#4811;&#4875; &#4619;&#4616;&#4632;&#4781;&#4936;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896; &#4704;&#4653;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4665;&#4755; &#4720;&#4824;&#4651;&#4813;&#4962;</strong> &#4772;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4813; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4616;&#4763;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4611;&#4853;&#4662;&#4755; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4632;&#4652;&#4721;&#4757; &#4779;&#4648;&#4657; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4661;&#4616;&#4720;&#4824;&#4651;&#4704;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4720;&#4896;&#4843;&#4674; &#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4845;&#4731;&#4619;&#4621;? &#4720;&#4683;&#4637; &#4658;&#4936;&#4653;&#4661; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4618;&#4678;&#4899;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4661;&#4875;&#4725; &#4616;&#4813;&#4901;&#4757; &#4635;&#4824;&#4877;&#4840;&#4725;&#4757; &#4843;&#4920;&#4853;&#4675;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4899;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4872;&#4616;&#4877;&#4616;&#4813;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[የሞኝነት ውዳሴ Amharic Interpretation]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4840;&#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4813;&#4851;&#4660;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4872;&#4706;&#4654;&#4733; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704; &#4840;&#4940;&#4829; &#4850;&#4661;&#4777;&#4653; &#8212; &#4773;&#4632;&#4708;&#4725; &#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777;&#4757; &#4845;&#4827; &#4651;&#4663;&#4757; &#4723;&#4808;&#4853;&#4659;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4618;&#4675;&#4813;&#4757;&#4725;&#4757;&#4963; &#4752;&#4872;&#4645;&#4723;&#4725;&#4757;&#4755; &#4936;&#4619;&#4661;&#4942;&#4733;&#4757; &#4725;&#4659;&#4616;&#4675;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; Moriae Encomium as an illustrated Amharic play.]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/erasmus-praise-of-folly-amharic</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/erasmus-praise-of-folly-amharic</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2026 18:31:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/218385486/6c194df7a234e9d1be63926f8a29c379.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#4840;&#4770;&#4651;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661; &#171;&#4840;&#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4813;&#4851;&#4660;&#187; (1511) &#4704;&#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4872;&#4706;&#4654;&#4733;&#4755; &#4704;&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4726;&#4733; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704; &#4840;&#4768;&#4635;&#4653;&#4763; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4614;&#4758; &#4672;&#4653;&#4711;&#4621;&#4962; &#4773;&#4632;&#4708;&#4725; &#4638;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4776;&#4707;&#4616;&#4639;&#4622;&#4735; &#8212; &#4782;&#4619;&#4778;&#4843; (&#4669;&#4757;&#4872;&#4619;) &#4773;&#4755; &#4938;&#4619;&#4813;&#4722;&#4843; (&#4651;&#4661; &#4808;&#4851;&#4853;&#4752;&#4725;) &#8212; &#4875;&#4653; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777;&#4757; &#4725;&#4845;&#4827;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4782;&#4661;&#4723;&#4651;&#4813; &#4661;&#4726;&#4845;&#4781; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4845;&#4675;&#4808;&#4635;&#4723;&#4621;&#4962; &#4704;&#4624;&#4704;&#4667; &#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653;&#4843;&#4725;&#4755; &#4632;&#4732;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4659;&#4617; &#4645;&#4821;&#4622;&#4733;&#4963; &#4840;&#4720;&#4811;&#4757;&#4843;&#4757; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933;&#4755; &#4840;&#4768;&#4635;&#4653;&#4763; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;49 &#4848;&#4674;&#4675; &#4714;&#4850;&#4846;&#4962;</p><p>&#4845;&#4613; &#4714;&#4850;&#4846; &#4840;&#4723;&#4619;&#4619;&#4677; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 28 &#4768;&#4867;&#4706; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4776;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4864;&#4653;&#4707; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4704;&#4950;&#4853;&#4779;&#4661;&#4721; &#4843;&#4853;&#4637;&#4897;&#4962;</p><p>Erasmus&#8217;s In Praise of Folly as a five-act Amharic play: 16 scenes, a full cast, Habesha illustrations and Amharic captions. A companion to Great Books episode 28.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — Machiavelli: The Mandrake (La Mandragola)]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618;&#4961; &#4619; &#4635;&#4757;&#4853;&#4651;&#4878;&#4619; &#171;&#4635;&#4909;&#4704;&#4653;&#4704;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4640;&#4651;&#4813; &#4704;&#4638;&#4766;&#4733; &#4619;&#4845; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4909; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/machiavelli-the-mandrake-la-mandragola</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/machiavelli-the-mandrake-la-mandragola</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2026 13:03:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/216334194/820efea47072d736b3d55296b210e79a.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YmWf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbae6c998-fda8-42cf-b7af-283f3d4fe101_1456x819.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YmWf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbae6c998-fda8-42cf-b7af-283f3d4fe101_1456x819.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YmWf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbae6c998-fda8-42cf-b7af-283f3d4fe101_1456x819.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YmWf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbae6c998-fda8-42cf-b7af-283f3d4fe101_1456x819.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YmWf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbae6c998-fda8-42cf-b7af-283f3d4fe101_1456x819.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YmWf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbae6c998-fda8-42cf-b7af-283f3d4fe101_1456x819.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4773;&#4661;&#4653; &#4708;&#4725; &#4877;&#4706; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4872;&#4632;&#4853; &#4776;&#4619;&#4845; &#4704;&#4720;&#4656;&#4672;&#4616; &#4632;&#4672;&#4653;&#4672;&#4650;&#4843; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4621;&#4939;&#4621;&#4962; &#4773;&#4870;&#4729; &#4776;&#4864;&#4653;&#4707;&#4813; &#4840;&#4723;&#4656;&#4649; &#4656;&#4813; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4872;&#4632;&#4853; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4843;&#4845;&#4831;&#4621;&#4964; &#4845;&#4878;&#4725;&#4721;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; 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&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4752;&#4962; &#4709;&#4621;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4617;&#4725; &#4609;&#4617; &#4720;&#4896;&#4677;&#4632;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4723;&#4616;&#4616;&#4733;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837; &#4614;&#4755;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4840;&#4843;&#4824;&#4733;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4826;&#4613; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4709;&#4731;&#4811;&#4757; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4733; &#4755;&#4725;&#4962; &#4620;&#4622;&#4729; &#4609;&#4617; &#4768;&#4875;&#4653; &#4768;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4966; &#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782; &#4618;&#4873;&#4650;&#4846; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4963; &#4754;&#4731; &#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782;&#4757; &#171;&#4624;&#4778;&#4636;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4830;&#4723;&#4621;&#4963; &#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660;&#4813; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4963; &#4662;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4723; &#4840;&#4621;&#4869; &#4621;&#4869; &#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4768;&#4619;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4909;&#4635;&#4650;</strong> &#8212; &#4621;&#4841; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4632;&#4811;&#4664;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4840; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4632;&#4843;&#4827;&#4728;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4707;&#4621; &#4840;&#4708;&#4725; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4964; &#4773;&#4755;&#4725; &#4840;&#4848;&#4637; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4725;&#4964; &#4757;&#4661;&#4624; &#4768;&#4707;&#4725; &#4840;&#4629;&#4618;&#4755; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4962; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4658;&#4617; &#4616;&#4632;&#4675;&#4808;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4653; &#4632;&#4640;&#4648;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4638;&#4765; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4733;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4638;&#4765; &#4709;&#4725;&#4614;&#4757; &#4758;&#4654; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4720;&#4675;&#4813;&#4638;&#4814;&#4735; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616; &#4651;&#4663; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4813; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4616; &#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4813; &#4638;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4904;&#4752;&#4672; &#4656;&#4813; &#4773;&#4663; &#4709;&#4731; &#4755;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4661;&#4638;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4754;&#4731; &#4840;&#4634;&#4638;&#4720;&#4813;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813; &#171;&#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4621;&#4941;&#4704;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4896;&#4651;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660;&#4813; &#171;&#4773;&#4653;&#4877;&#4896;&#4763; &#4843;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752; &#4781;&#4937; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4704;&#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;&#4813;&#4962; &#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4709;&#4731; &#4755;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4619; &#4840;&#4896;&#4651;&#4733;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4843;&#4936;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; &#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4720;&#4675;&#4813;&#4638;&#4811;&#4757; &#4843;&#4936;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; 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&#4768;&#4723;&#4813;&#4677;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4632;&#4616;&#4843;&#4843; &#4752;&#4901;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4648;&#4779;&#4669; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4620;&#4618;&#4721; &#4853;&#4648;&#4661; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4776;&#4620;&#4618;&#4721; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4845;&#4616;&#4808;&#4899;&#4621;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4730; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4616;&#4808;&#4901;&#4669;&#4637;&#4962; &#4768;&#4651;&#4721;&#4757; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4704;&#4661;&#4637; &#4661;&#4725;&#4824;&#4648;&#4829;&#4653; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4659;&#4720;&#4733;&#4637; &#8212; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725;&#4637; &#4609;&#4617;&#4757;&#4637; &#4720;&#4648;&#4853;&#4723;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4733;&#4813;&#4962; 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&#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763;&#4811; &#4704;&#4653; &#4755;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4635;&#4824;&#4829; &#4768;&#4725;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4635;&#4875;&#4616;&#4901; &#4877;&#4757; &#4725;&#4733;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4843;&#4813;&#4673;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4752;&#4779;&#4725;&#4637;&#4962; &#4845;&#4613; &#4768;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938;&#4752;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4723;&#4875;&#4733; &#4614;&#4758; &#4848;&#4741;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4635;&#4877;&#4760;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4635;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; 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&#4768;&#4619;&#4848;&#4648;&#4875;&#4725;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4936;&#4723;&#4813; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4632;&#4848;&#4733; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4733; &#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4632;&#4848;&#4733; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4733;&#4637; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4768;&#4683;&#4635;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4841;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4705; &#4725;&#4757;&#4665; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4704;&#4621; &#4676;&#4661; &#4704;&#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4941;&#4651; &#4722;&#4638;&#4724;&#4774; 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&#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4675;&#4616;&#4757;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4808;&#4877; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4638;&#4761; &#4707;&#4621; &#4709;&#4825;&#4813;&#4757; &#4874;&#4828; &#4661;&#4661;&#4723;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4904;&#4779;&#4765; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4634;&#4661;&#4721;&#4757; &#4678;&#4621;&#4942; &#4843;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4899;&#4621;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4729; &#4658;&#4661;&#4677; &#4629;&#4618;&#4755;&#4813; &#4757;&#4921;&#4629; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4635;&#4925;&#4848;&#4674;&#4843; &#4768;&#4752;&#4659;&#4813;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4661;&#4633; &#4651;&#4657; &#4843;&#4757;&#4753; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4638;&#4729; &#4637;&#4757; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618; &#4616;&#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653;&#4843;&#4721; &#4840;&#4656;&#4899;&#4728;&#4813; &#4661;&#4638;&#4733; &#4768;&#4709;&#4827;&#4766;&#4729; &#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4621;&#4635;&#4849;&#4757; &#4776;&#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4753; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850; &#4808;&#4653;&#4662;&#4723;&#4621;&#4962; &#4754;&#4731; (Nicia) &#4645;&#4649; &#171;&#4853;&#4621;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4675;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782; (Callimaco) &#171;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4637; &#4720;&#4811;&#4874;&#187;&#4964; &#4722;&#4638;&#4724;&#4774; (Timoteo) &#171;&#4773;&#4877;&#4826;&#4768;&#4709;&#4628;&#4653;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4776;&#4709;&#4653;&#187;&#4962; &#4618;&#4873;&#4650;&#4846; (Ligurio) &#4709;&#4731; &#4776;&#4619;&#4722;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4645;&#4649; <em>ligurire</em>&#4963; &#171;&#4632;&#4619;&#4661;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4877;&#4661;&#4962; &#4853;&#4621; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4840;&#4632;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4673;&#4621;&#4937;&#4757; &#4704;&#4872;&#4827; &#4773;&#4865; &#4656;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#171;&#4773;&#4840;&#4872;&#4616;&#4920; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4672;&#4619;&#4621; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4773;&#4896;&#4651;&#4896;&#4651;&#4616;&#4609;&#4962; &#4618;&#4873;&#4650;&#4846; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4704;&#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4704;&#171;&#4824; &#4949;&#4650;&#4757;&#4661;&#187; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4704;&#4634;&#4936;&#4621;&#4873;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4632;&#4843;&#4829;&#4963; &#4840;&#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849;&#4757; &#4811;&#4875; &#4632;&#4616;&#4779;&#4725;&#4963; &#4725;&#4757;&#4665;&#4757; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4776;&#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4635;&#4677;&#4648;&#4709;&#4962; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4821;&#4677;&#4849; &#4845;&#4659;&#4779;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867;</strong> &#8212; &#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813;? &#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782; &#4941;&#4677;&#4653; &#4936;&#4621;&#4878; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813; &#4707;&#4621; &#4707;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4708;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4704;&#4634;&#4661;&#4901;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4707; &#4710;&#4723; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4754;&#4731; &#4621;&#4869; &#4936;&#4621;&#4878; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813; &#4840;&#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4813; &#4621;&#4869;&#4755; &#4673;&#4621;&#4937;&#4757; &#4616;&#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4813; &#4632;&#4661;&#4896;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660;&#4813; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4705;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4760;&#4964; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4660;&#4651; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4896;&#4637;&#4855;&#4621;&#4962; &#4618;&#4873;&#4650;&#4846; &#4651;&#4725; &#4936;&#4621;&#4878; &#4651;&#4725; &#4768;&#4872;&#4760;&#4962; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618; &#4651;&#4657; &#4645;&#4651;&#4813;&#4757; &#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4635;&#4877;&#4760;&#4725; &#4936;&#4621;&#4878; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813; &#4776;&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4704;&#4661;&#4720;&#4848;&#4705;&#4709; &#4659;&#4757;&#4723;&#4757;&#4853;&#4652;&#4843; &#4770;&#4757; &#4944;&#4653;&#4777;&#4658;&#4755; (Sant&#8217;Andrea in Percussina) &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616;&#4733; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4653;&#4661;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4708;&#4721;&#4637; &#4768;&#4896;&#4872;&#4705; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4632;&#4896;&#4901; &#4708;&#4725;&#4637; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4773;&#4826;&#4843; &#4768;&#4617;&#4964; &#4708;&#4721; &#4633;&#4826;&#4840;&#4637; &#4614;&#4759;&#4621;&#4963; &#4632;&#4896;&#4901; &#4708;&#4721; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757;&#4637; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4635;&#4896;&#4675;&#4616;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4635;&#4669;&#4753; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4632;&#4653;&#4720;&#4813; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4621;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4813;&#4757; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4768;&#4659;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4656;&#4813; &#4813;&#4900;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4843;&#4659;&#4941;&#4653;&#4637;&#4962; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618; &#4877;&#4757; &#4813;&#4900;&#4721;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4768;&#4659;&#4939;&#4650; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4878; &#4640;&#4653;&#4726;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4729; &#4658;&#4808;&#4899; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4618;&#4632;&#4661;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4936;&#4621;&#4877;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4813; &#4901;&#4653;&#4899;&#4652;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4640;&#4651; &#4635;&#4669;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4896;&#4672;&#4637;&#4704;&#4725;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4634;&#4640;&#4651; &#4635;&#4669;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#8212; &#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4721; &#4707;&#4845;&#4896;&#4672;&#4637;&#4704;&#4725;&#4637; &#8212; &#4845;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4872;&#4760;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;1527 &#4658;&#4638;&#4725;&#4637; &#4704;&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4704;&#4659;&#4757;&#4723; &#4781;&#4654;&#4732; &#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4704;&#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4705; &#4632;&#4779;&#4752; &#4632;&#4675;&#4709;&#4653; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4704;&#4720;&#4651; &#4632;&#4675;&#4709;&#4653; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4648;&#4962; &#4776;260 &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4624;&#4813;&#4621;&#4725; &#4678;&#4632;&#4616;&#4725;&#4964; &#4776;&#4645;&#4649; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4675;&#4621; &#171;&#4616;&#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4613; &#4619;&#4616; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4901;&#4757; &#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#187; (<em>Tanto nomini nullum par elogium</em>) &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4840;&#4640;&#4651;&#4813; &#4824;&#4852; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4773;&#4657; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4672;&#4648;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4651;&#4657; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4813; &#4704;&#4672;&#4909;&#4757; &#4781;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4633;&#4617; &#4675;&#4617; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4773;&#4869; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4704;1519 &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4616;&#4704;&#4896;&#4963; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4704;&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4704;&#4636;&#4850;&#4730;&#4814;&#4733; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana&#4963; Laurenziano Redi 129) &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4765;&#4962; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4741;&#4725;&#4632;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723;&#4637; &#4672;&#4757;&#4637; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4619;&#4841; &#4619;&#4845; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637; &#171;&#4619; &#4635;&#4757;&#4853;&#4651;&#4878;&#4619;&#187; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#171;&#4840;&#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782;&#4755; &#4840;&#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850;&#187; (<em>Comedia di Callimaco et di Lucretia</em>) &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4723;&#4850;&#4843; &#4843; &#4840;&#4773;&#4657; &#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4840;&#4773;&#4763;? &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4632;&#4621;&#4661;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4878;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4704;&#4813;&#4661;&#4897; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4878;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4875;&#4616;&#4896;&#4637;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4672;&#4899;&#4637;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4616;&#4808;&#4896;&#4637;&#4962; &#4632;&#4875;&#4648;&#4867;&#4813; &#4658;&#4808;&#4653;&#4853; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4704;&#4864;&#4632;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4709;&#4731; &#4661;&#4725;&#4672;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4637;&#4661;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4896;&#4811;&#4725; &#4754;&#4731; &#4840;&#4708;&#4721;&#4757; &#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4768;&#4808;&#4899;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4813;&#4964; &#4848;&#4661; &#4709;&#4622;&#4725;&#4637; &#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4773;&#4840;&#4659;&#4672; &#4673;&#4621;&#4937;&#4757; &#4616;&#4634;&#4843;&#4723;&#4621;&#4616;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4658;&#4843;&#4672;&#4709;&#4621;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4824;&#4875;&#4704;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4966; &#4673;&#4621;&#4937;&#4757; &#4720;&#4672;&#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4872;&#4707;&#4813; &#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4843;&#4824;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;?</p></li></ul><h3>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</h3><ol><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4716;&#4754;&#4661; &#4840;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781;&#4962;</strong> &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4704;&#4716;&#4754;&#4661; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4658;&#4672;&#4653;&#4709; &#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4776;&#4632;&#4709;&#4827;&#4721; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4659; &#4725;&#4653;&#4770;&#4721; &#4776;&#4768;&#4651;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4632;&#4672;&#4896;&#4621; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729; &#4872;&#4941;&#4720;&#4813; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777;&#4757; &#4824;&#4873;&#4725;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4616;&#4733;&#4813; &#8212; &#4843;&#4733; &#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4768;&#4619;&#4704;&#4675;&#4733;&#4637;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4638;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4723;&#4720;&#4632; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941;&#4962;</strong> &#171;&#4824; &#4949;&#4650;&#4757;&#4661;&#187; &#4704;&#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4621;&#4723;&#4720;&#4632;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4723;&#4720;&#4632;&#4813; &#4776;&#4638;&#4720; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4616;&#4776;&#4617; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4653; &#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4899; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4653; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707;&#4733;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4754;&#4731; &#4843;&#4632;&#4752;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616;&#4638;&#4760; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962;</strong> &#4635;&#4757;&#4853;&#4652;&#4781; &#4704;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4840;&#4629;&#4781;&#4637;&#4755; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763; &#4720;&#4781;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4869;&#4651;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4656; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941;&#4962;</strong> &#4635;&#4723; &#4635;&#4723; &#4621;&#4709;&#4657;&#4757; &#4672;&#4845;&#4654; &#4776;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4875;&#4653; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4843;&#4808;&#4651; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4704;&#4768;&#4875;&#4899;&#4634; &#171;&#4661;&#4616; &#4877;&#4827;&#4726;&#4733; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4923;&#4941;&#4777;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4840;&#4819;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4840;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4704;&#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4869;&#4651;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4656;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4840;&#4723;&#4808;&#4672;&#4616;&#4725; &#4645;&#4651;&#4962;</strong> &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4704;&#4899;&#4618;&#4843;&#4757;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4635;&#4649; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4616;&#4776;&#4704;&#4652;&#4723; &#4645;&#4651; &#4619;&#4722;&#4757; &#4704;&#4634;&#4896;&#4672;&#4633;&#4704;&#4725; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4849;&#4757; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4962; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4645;&#4651;&#4814;&#4729; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4723;&#4808;&#4672;&#4616;&#4725; &#4845;&#4613; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#171;&#4824; &#4949;&#4650;&#4757;&#4661;&#187; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4962;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>&#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4901;&#4677;&#4662;&#4733;</h2><blockquote><p>&#171;&#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4723;&#4901;&#4939;&#4813;&#4964; &#4776;&#4813;&#4659;&#4756;&#4813; &#4768;&#4653;&#4672;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4659;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4840;&#4635;&#4843;&#4840;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4720;&#4672;&#4637;&#4902; &#4621;&#4709;&#4657;&#4757; &#4845;&#4672;&#4845;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4768;&#4853;&#4635;&#4909; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4633;&#4723;&#4757;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4752;&#4875;&#4872;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4704;&#4648; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661; &#4632;&#4621;&#4704;&#4661; &#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4875;&#4621;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4659;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4845;&#4613; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653;&#4723; &#4632;&#4896;&#4840;&#4677; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4632;&#4877;&#4616;&#4907; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4659;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4739;&#4843;&#4617;&#4757; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4845;&#4830; &#4720;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;&#4964; &#4618;&#4896;&#4672;&#4637;&#4704;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4733;&#4621;&#4704;&#4725; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4659;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648; &#4656;&#4813; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4779;&#4813; &#4704;&#4634;&#4648;&#4851;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4635;&#4845;&#4648;&#4851;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4635;&#4909;&#4704;&#4653;&#4704;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4640;&#4651;&#4813; &#4704;&#4638;&#4766;&#4733; &#4619;&#4845; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4909; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4720;&#4757;&#4782;&#4617; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4776;&#4843;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4739;&#4898;&#4768;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4920;&#4853;&#4677; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4776;&#4720;&#4683;&#4633; &#4651;&#4657; &#4658;&#4808;&#4899; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4899; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4758;&#4653;&#4637;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4709;&#4621;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4617;&#4725; &#4609;&#4617; &#4720;&#4896;&#4677;&#4632;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4723;&#4616;&#4616;&#4733;&#4813; &#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837; &#4614;&#4755;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4864;&#4632;&#4648;&#4813; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#4637;&#4766;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4840;&#4904;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4632;&#4619;&#4813; &#4720;&#4683;&#4635;&#4810; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4705;&#4651;&#4780; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4768;&#4848;&#4872;&#4763;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4629;&#4877; &#4840;&#4635;&#4843;&#4813;&#4672;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4629;&#4873;&#4757; &#4768;&#4901;&#4757;&#4726; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4899;&#4637;&#4632;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4621;&#4637;&#4962; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4768;&#4619;&#4725; &#4773;&#4619;&#4616;&#4609;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4896;&#4675;&#4813; &#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4725;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4725;&#4757; &#4632;&#4896;&#4672;&#4634;&#4843; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4704;&#4813;&#4661;&#4897; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4878;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>&#4661;&#4638;&#4733;&#4755; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;</h2><h3>&#4656;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4754;&#4782;&#4622; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4813; &#4666;&#4613; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4661;&#4853;&#4659; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4704;&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#8212; &#4616;&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4840;&#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4777; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4963; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4648;&#4648;&#4963; &#4840;&#4723;&#4656;&#4648;&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4653;&#4661;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4941;&#4651;&#4757;&#4732;&#4661;&#4782; &#4716;&#4726;&#4650;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4851;&#4865; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4635;&#4723;&#4813; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661; &#4632;&#4672;&#4840;&#4653;&#4755; &#4661;&#4616; &#171;&#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4757; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4616;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4636;&#4850;&#4730; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4773;&#4869;&#4877; &#4739;&#4843;&#4621; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4709; &#8212; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709;&#4963; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653;&#4755; &#4915;&#4915;&#4659;&#4725; &#4843;&#4936;&#4651;&#4964; &#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4777;&#4757; &#4840;&#4872;&#4616;&#4704;&#4896;&#4755; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618;&#4757; &#4843;&#4707;&#4648;&#4648;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4704;&#4637;&#4629;&#4648;&#4721; &#4843;&#4851;&#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4720;&#4651; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4708;&#4725; &#4873;&#4851;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4808;&#4651;&#4813;&#4757; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850; &#4840;&#4864;&#4632;&#4648; &#4877;&#4650;&#4779;&#4810; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938; &#8212; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618; &#4704;&#4672;&#4901;&#4723; &#4768;&#4619;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4724;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661;&#4755; &#4949;&#4619;&#4813;&#4720;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4720;&#4637;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4923;&#4937; &#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#8212; &#4808;&#4873; &#4704;&#4652;&#4756;&#4659;&#4757;&#4661; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4773;&#4752;&#4657; &#4704;&#4777;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4650;&#4843;&#4725;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4947;&#4650;&#4661; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656; &#4707;&#4616;&#4920;&#4875; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#8212; &#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843;&#4757; &#4659;&#4843;&#4843;&#4725; &#4840;&#4808;&#4848;&#4848;&#4964; &#4704;&#4624;&#4778;&#4637; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4636;&#4656;&#4653; &#4754;&#4731;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4707;&#4621; &#8212; &#4707;&#4616;&#4896;&#4875;&#4963; &#4840;&#4629;&#4877; &#4854;&#4781;&#4720;&#4653;&#4963; &#4821;&#4853;&#4636;&#4813; &#4840;&#4872;&#4939;&#4964; &#4619;&#4722;&#4753;&#4757; &#4707;&#4616;&#4632;&#4661;&#4635;&#4721; &#4843;&#4632;&#4752;&#4964; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4773;&#4869; &#4673;&#4621;&#4937;&#4757; &#4840;&#4656;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4635;&#4821;&#4776;&#4621; &#8212; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4840;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757;&#4910;&#4733; &#4720;&#4707;&#4709;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4872;&#4937;&#4811;&#4725;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4840;&#4609;&#4617;&#4757;&#4637; &#4634;&#4661;&#4901;&#4653; &#4840;&#4843;&#4824;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4618;&#4873;&#4650;&#4846;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4708;&#4725; &#4773;&#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4872;&#4704; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4653; &#4768;&#4664;&#4635;&#4875;&#4845; &#8212; &#4821;&#4677;&#4849;&#4757; &#4843;&#4808;&#4899;&#4813;&#4755; &#4840;&#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849;&#4757; &#4811;&#4875; &#4840;&#4616;&#4779;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813; &#4651;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4941;&#4651; &#4722;&#4638;&#4724;&#4774;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4757;&#4661;&#4624; &#4768;&#4707;&#4725; &#8212; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4705;&#4757; &#4720;&#4672;&#4709;&#4622; &#4739;&#4898;&#4768;&#4725;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4920;&#4853;&#4677; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4840;&#4640;&#4651;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4609;&#4617;&#4757;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763;&#4813; &#4676;&#4661;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4662;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4723;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4773;&#4755;&#4725; &#8212; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4709;&#4731;&#4811;&#4757; &#4843;&#4621;&#4811;&#4664;&#4733;&#4964; &#4621;&#4871; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4725;&#4848;&#4792;&#4845; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4658;&#4654;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4845; &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4776;&#4936;&#4720;&#4813; &#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782; &#4616;&#4773;&#4657; &#4658;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4634;&#4622; &#4779;&#4621;&#4937;&#4730;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4754;&#4731; &#4824;&#4632;&#4853; &#8212; &#4704;&#4947;&#4650;&#4661; &#4773;&#4651;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4896;&#4651;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4618;&#4873;&#4650;&#4846; &#4616;&#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660;&#4813; &#4704;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4872;&#4851;&#4637; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4656;&#4813;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4652;&#4756;&#4659;&#4757;&#4661; &#4635;&#4821;&#4776;&#4621;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4710;&#4723; &#8212; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4840;&#4620;&#4619;&#4725;&#4963; &#4704;&#4705;&#4853;&#4758;&#4733; &#4669;&#4777;&#4731; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4755;&#4901; &#4650;&#4944;&#4709;&#4618;&#4781;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4757;&#4665; &#4653;&#4661;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4704;&#4661;&#4720;&#4848;&#4705;&#4709; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4877;&#4830;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723; &#8212; &#171;&#4824; &#4949;&#4650;&#4757;&#4661;&#187;&#4637; &#171;&#4619; &#4635;&#4757;&#4853;&#4651;&#4878;&#4619;&#187;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4937;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4947;&#4650;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782; &#4611;&#4843; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4840;&#4758;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4624;&#4778;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4664;&#4776;&#4632;&#4704;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4716;&#4754;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4658;&#4672;&#4653;&#4709; &#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4704;&#4829;&#4726; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4840;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875;&#4704;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4757;&#4723;&#4757;&#4853;&#4652;&#4843; &#4770;&#4757; &#4944;&#4653;&#4777;&#4658;&#4755; (Sant&#8217;Andrea in Percussina)</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4704;&#4661;&#4720;&#4848;&#4705;&#4709; &#4843;&#4616;&#4733;&#4813; &#4840;&#4877;&#4830;&#4721; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#8212; &#4708;&#4721; (l&#8217;Albergaccio) &#4827;&#4652; &#4633;&#4826;&#4840;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4768;&#4896;&#4872;&#4705; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4632;&#4896;&#4901; &#4708;&#4725;&#4637; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757;&#4637; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4757;&#4723; &#4781;&#4654;&#4732; (Santa Croce)</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#8212; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618; &#4704;1527 &#4704;&#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4705; &#4632;&#4779;&#4752; &#4632;&#4675;&#4709;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4648;&#4707;&#4725;&#4964; &#4624;&#4813;&#4621;&#4721; &#4704;1787 &#4840;&#4678;&#4632;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4637;&#4707; &#4872;&#4664;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4659;&#4707; &#4843;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4733;&#4813; &#4840;&#4770;&#4725;&#4846;&#4917;&#4843; &#4768;&#4731; &#8212; &#4840;&#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4824;&#4654;&#4733; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4632;&#4897;&#4704;&#4725; &#4720;&#4651;&#4651;&#4964; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4897;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; &#4723;&#4733; &#4632;&#4813;&#4648;&#4853; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4925;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4652;&#4756;&#4659;&#4757;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4851;&#4877;&#4637; &#4621;&#4848;&#4725;&#187; &#8212; &#4840;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725; &#4877;&#4650;&#4781;&#4755; &#4654;&#4637; &#4821;&#4813;&#4672;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4872;&#4755; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4643;&#4704;&#4725; &#4840;&#4707;&#4613;&#4621; &#4757;&#4677;&#4755;&#4676;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4920;&#4624;&#4940; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4757;&#4873;&#4641;&#4757; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829; &#4840;&#4634;&#4925;&#4941;&#4755; &#4828;&#4755; &#4632;&#4811;&#4821;&#4617;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4824;&#4877;&#4709; &#4665;&#4637; &#8212; &#4825;&#4939;&#4757; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;&#4963; &#4902;&#4653; &#4768;&#4843;&#4829;&#4637;&#4964; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4658;&#4672;&#4840;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4853;&#4638; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4659;&#4813; &#4773;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4653;&#4661;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4824;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4941; &#4840;&#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4632;&#4709;&#4725; &#8212; &#4621;&#4869; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4758;&#4653; &#4632;&#4652;&#4721; &#4704;&#4878;&#4757; &#4704;&#4777;&#4621; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4757;&#4664;&#4651;&#4720;&#4725; &#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4875;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757;&#4853;&#4652;&#4781;</strong> &#8212; &#4645;&#4649; &#4720;&#4656;&#4757;&#4901;&#4678; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4843;&#4853;&#4877; &#4840;&#4656;&#4813; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4661;&#4621; &#4720;&#4781;&#4621; &#8212; &#4704;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4840;&#4632;&#4853;&#4739;&#4754;&#4725; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;&#4964; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4840;&#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4813; &#4776;&#4773;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4651;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; &#4708;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4936;&#4963; &#4877;&#4773;&#4829; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4752;&#4709; &#4656;&#4813; &#8212; &#4779;&#4613;&#4757; &#4843;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752;&#4963; &#4720;&#4651; &#4656;&#4813;&#4637; &#4843;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4723;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4709;&#4651;&#4755; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4923;&#4941; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#8212; &#4616;&#4704;&#4669;&#4723;&#4963; &#4616;&#4896;&#4619;&#4725;&#4963; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4621;&#4869; &#4616;&#4635;&#4899;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4653;&#4754;&#4715;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4926;&#4637; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4704;&#4819;&#4621; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#8212; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4721; &#4616;&#4901;&#4674;&#4725; &#4672;&#4755;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4619;&#4619;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4616;&#4725; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4901;&#4622;&#4669;</strong> &#8212; &#4660;&#4725; &#4621;&#4869; &#4661;&#4723;&#4872;&#4707; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4711; &#4840;&#4634;&#4776;&#4941;&#4616;&#4813; &#8212; &#4704;&#4941;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4656;&#4938;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4821;&#4853;&#4636; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725; &#4779;&#4661;&#4776;&#4720;&#4617;&#4725; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4726;&#4733; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4849;&#4779;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4808;&#4653;&#4677; &#4659;&#4757;&#4722;&#4637; &#8212; &#4616;&#4618;&#4873;&#4650;&#4846; &#4611;&#4843; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725;&#4963; &#4616;&#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660;&#4813; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726;&#4963; &#4840;&#4779;&#4618;&#4635;&#4782; &#4811;&#4661;&#4725;&#4755; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4666;&#4613;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4824; &#4949;&#4650;&#4757;&#4661;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4621;&#4817;&#4617;&#187; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653;&#4845;&#4755; &#4661;&#4616; &#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4904;&#4779;&#4765; &#4821;&#4813;&#4752;&#4723; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941;&#4964; &#4704;&#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4621;&#4723;&#4720;&#4632;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4616;&#4776;&#4617; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4843;&#4808;&#4899;&#4733;&#4813; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4653; &#8212; &#4635;&#4778;&#4843;&#4716;&#4618; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4813;&#4661;&#4897; &#4872;&#4707;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4721; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4678;&#4632;&#4704;&#4725; &#4632;&#4811;&#4677;&#4653; &#8212; &#4720;&#4661;&#4939;&#4963; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757;&#4963; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709;&#4963; &#4941;&#4653;&#4611;&#4725;&#4963; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653;&#4723;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4827; &#171;&#4773;&#4666;&#187;&#4962;</strong> &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4840;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757;&#4910;&#4733; &#4720;&#4707;&#4709;&#4648;&#4813; &#4776;&#4872;&#4937;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4634;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4840;&#4609;&#4617;&#4757;&#4637; &#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4704;&#4661;&#4637; &#4661;&#4725;&#4824;&#4648;&#4829;&#4653; &#4609;&#4617;&#4757;&#4637; &#4720;&#4648;&#4853;&#4723; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4733;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4609;&#4617;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4813;&#4678; &#4658;&#4808;&#4661;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4909; &#4658;&#4843;&#4899; &#8212; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756;&#4813; &#4840;&#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757;&#4962;</strong> &#4617;&#4781;&#4652;&#4826;&#4843; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4635;&#4824;&#4829; &#4768;&#4725;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637;&#4964; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4635;&#4875;&#4616;&#4901; &#4877;&#4757; &#4725;&#4733;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#171;&#4723;&#4875;&#4733; &#4614;&#4758; &#4848;&#4741;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4635;&#4877;&#4760;&#4725;&#187; &#4725;&#4616;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4843;&#4829; &#4720;&#4808;&#4661;&#4759;&#4621; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4773;&#4755;&#4757;&#4720; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4733; &#4708;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4635;&#4757; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4616;&#4813; &#4723;&#4843;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4877;&#4616;&#4907; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853;&#4962;</strong> &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4659;&#4845;&#4755; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4658;&#4640;&#4651; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4659;&#4845; &#4656;&#4813; &#4872;&#4619;&#4909; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4635;&#4669;&#4753; &#4658;&#4640;&#4651; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4621;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4813;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4843;&#4632;&#4653;&#4725; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4635;&#4659;&#4840;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938; &#4840;&#4640;&#4651;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4776;&#4773;&#4865; &#4808;&#4901;&#4726; &#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4813; &#4658;&#4843;&#4752;&#4659;&#4813; &#8212; &#4901;&#4939;&#4721; &#4840;&#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[2025]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4723;&#4619;&#4619;&#4677; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725;&#4966; &#4840;2025 &#4773;.&#4772;.&#4768;. &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4726;&#4733; &#4704;&#4672;&#4757; &#4677;&#4848;&#4637; &#4720;&#4776;&#4720;&#4621;&#4962;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/2025</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/2025</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2026 18:26:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>February</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg" width="330" height="330" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1000,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:330,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bonhoeffer: Letters and Papers from Prison&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bonhoeffer: Letters and Papers from Prison" title="Bonhoeffer: Letters and Papers from Prison" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PipE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F822987a8-6ee3-4e47-b45a-1401429309ae_1000x1000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><ul><li><p><strong>February 22</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 1&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/bonhoeffer-letters-and-papers-from">Bonhoeffer: Letters and Papers from Prison</a></p></li></ul><h2>March</h2><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/39d89940-4aee-42c5-8cc4-628ac394a46c_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a478687-f94f-4edc-bead-891231d8265d_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5efb69b8-ffcd-4d44-82d4-b92eb8e63322_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/650d9f8d-1e7b-4eb2-a7ed-9b1e996cdf51_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/66c4cd8a-1cef-4220-906c-740fdacd6377_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Homer: Iliad &#183; Marcus Aurelius: Meditations &#183; Bhagavad Gita &#183; The Book of Exodus &#183; The Gospel of Mark&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a36e1436-7e8e-4bf2-8957-4deb2fb7af03_1456x1210.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><ul><li><p><strong>March 1</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 2&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/homer-iliad">Homer: Iliad</a></p></li><li><p><strong>March 8</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 3&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/marcus-aurelius-meditations">Marcus Aurelius: Meditations</a></p></li><li><p><strong>March 15</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 4&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/bhagavad-gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></p></li><li><p><strong>March 22</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 5&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/the-book-of-exodus">The Book of Exodus</a></p></li><li><p><strong>March 29</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 6&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/the-gospel-of-mark">The Gospel of Mark</a></p></li></ul><h2>April</h2><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d294e9ca-4f85-46cd-9675-ce75b882bd5a_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e5763847-4818-4efb-9219-f680ebcf93b3_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;The Koran &#183; The Epic of Gilgamesh&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f4b5b90-6dc5-4148-9e1f-3d7b00ddf31c_1456x720.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><ul><li><p><strong>April 5</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 7&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/the-koran">The Koran</a></p></li><li><p><strong>April 26</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 8&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/the-epic-of-gilgamesh">The Epic of Gilgamesh</a></p></li></ul><h2>May</h2><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/faf6a372-36b4-4394-b8ac-82ce222daa37_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1056cb68-64df-4fb5-af1e-213f33aa1d90_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5f021394-d342-40f5-acfa-8ee25ae591b1_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b8d378e2-7615-433f-8615-fd008e2b5107_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9756d33c-88b7-4a3e-859b-17c95bbd9785_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Beowulf &#183; The Book of Job &#183; Aeschylus: Oresteia &#183; The Bacchae &#183; Plato: Phaedo&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5684e347-0e08-4f8d-adfe-8845bc4ddc3f_1456x1210.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><ul><li><p><strong>May 3</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 9&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/beowulf">Beowulf</a></p></li><li><p><strong>May 10</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 10&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/the-book-of-job">The Book of Job</a></p></li><li><p><strong>May 17</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 11&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/aeschylus-oresteia">Aeschylus: Oresteia</a></p></li><li><p><strong>May 24</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 12&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/the-bacchae">The Bacchae</a></p></li><li><p><strong>May 31</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 13&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/plato-phaedo">Plato: Phaedo</a></p></li></ul><h2>June</h2><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b94506a8-fa23-4bf7-aeaf-14ff74823198_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/afa7f5ad-db04-4f72-bd3e-07b53cc77a4b_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a6551ff9-467e-4fd5-8888-567cf9aaf91f_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2df10ba6-804a-4049-a5a6-9829541ad6fd_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Dante: The Divine Comedy &#183; Shakespeare: Othello, the Moor of Venice &#183; Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound &#183; Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: The Gulag Archipelago&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0b03b218-0f33-4997-9d34-0a1e6b5bc389_1456x1456.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><ul><li><p><strong>June 7</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 14&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/dante-the-divine-comedy">Dante: The Divine Comedy</a></p></li><li><p><strong>June 14</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 15&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/shakespeare-othello-the-moor-of-venice">Shakespeare: Othello, the Moor of Venice</a></p></li><li><p><strong>June 21</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 16&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/aeschylus-prometheus-bound">Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound</a></p></li><li><p><strong>June 28</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 17&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/aleksandr-solzhenitsyn-the-gulag">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: The Gulag Archipelago</a></p></li></ul><h2>July</h2><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b0f4c7cb-ca53-43d8-b4c6-6fa08df00371_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4895c521-5c21-441a-9751-1ac94501abd1_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c9c1344b-8808-4fa5-b5e0-58ad329d1d40_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/65e44219-92fb-45ce-979a-4b2bef035b4d_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/65d76e22-c942-486a-8ee1-8cc0decf401c_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Shakespeare: Julius Caesar &#183; Nineteen Eighty-Four &#183; Vergil: The Aeneid &#183; Pericles: The Funeral Oration &#183; Lincoln: The Gettysburg Address&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/45ee222a-72b3-43f7-9ded-3cb51c74c50b_1456x1210.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><ul><li><p><strong>July 5</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 18&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/shakespeare-julius-caesar">Shakespeare: Julius Caesar</a></p></li><li><p><strong>July 12</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 19&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/nineteen-eighty-four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a></p></li><li><p><strong>July 19</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 20&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/vergil-the-aeneid">Vergil: The Aeneid</a></p></li><li><p><strong>July 26</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 21A&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/pericles-the-funeral-oration-a">Pericles: The Funeral Oration</a></p></li><li><p><strong>July 26</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 21B&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/lincoln-the-gettysburg-address-b">Lincoln: The Gettysburg Address</a></p></li></ul><h2>August</h2><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5e09499d-cdc2-41d9-a5cf-176db48367e3_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ef37d031-daa9-4356-a50a-9a4cf2f96b8a_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2bb572-9bee-49a4-84f7-f996cee609b0_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/466e2962-ad44-493f-81dc-1da3df2aa2d8_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9cd6c86f-b50c-41b4-b808-4a7e776602fb_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;All Quiet on the Western Front &#183; Confucius: The Analects &#183; The Prince &#183; Plato: Republic &#183; John Stuart Mill: On Liberty&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c700eeff-ba19-4276-9d5c-e8e958114b45_1456x1210.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><ul><li><p><strong>August 2</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 22&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/all-quiet-on-the-western-front">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></p></li><li><p><strong>August 9</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 23&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/confucius-the-analects">Confucius: The Analects</a></p></li><li><p><strong>August 16</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 24&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/the-prince">The Prince</a></p></li><li><p><strong>August 23</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 25&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/plato-republic">Plato: Republic</a></p></li><li><p><strong>August 30</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 26&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/john-stuart-mill-on-liberty">John Stuart Mill: On Liberty</a></p></li></ul><h2>September</h2><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/74776746-190c-4372-975b-41817c01a97d_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/252a4b61-a2b3-4b5e-be86-049e991faad1_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/54eaa039-2123-4a45-8945-a23b1a8b0146_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/df1c7376-605e-407b-9fcd-5a5a28ddaf07_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/20497578-c253-4e83-893b-e6de2c326e0d_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Sir Thomas Malory: Le Morte d'Arthur &#183; Goethe: Faust, Part One &#183; Goethe: Faust, Part Two &#183; Henry David Thoreau: Walden &#183; Gibbon: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af7dbfd1-67ec-41d6-ae7f-7e6c5e11cd6c_1456x1210.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><ul><li><p><strong>September 6</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 27&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/sir-thomas-malory-le-morte-darthur">Sir Thomas Malory: Le Morte d&#8217;Arthur</a></p></li><li><p><strong>September 13</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 28&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/goethe-faust-part-one">Goethe: Faust, Part One</a></p></li><li><p><strong>September 13</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 29&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/goethe-faust-part-two">Goethe: Faust, Part Two</a></p></li><li><p><strong>September 20</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 30&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/henry-david-thoreau-walden">Henry David Thoreau: Walden</a></p></li><li><p><strong>September 27</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 31&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/gibbon-the-decline-and-fall-of-the">Gibbon: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</a></p></li></ul><h2>October</h2><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4f6e1a5c-51c8-48cf-bd59-4ce85ad7459c_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bcc50314-ec94-4f01-b17e-645a0bc28e48_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d4ac4077-92d9-42f1-b2fe-6a7dbf8b5100_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9c20a9c4-8833-40e3-9a43-e07efefeb99a_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Lord Acton: The History of Freedom &#183; Cicero: De Officiis (On Moral Duties) &#183; Gandhi: An Autobiography &#183; Churchill: My Early Life, Painting as a Pastime, The Second World War&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9d50f8b9-7c7e-4c97-a9d5-96a8cc934d39_1456x1456.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><ul><li><p><strong>October 4</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 32&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/lord-acton-the-history-of-freedom">Lord Acton: The History of Freedom</a></p></li><li><p><strong>October 11</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 33&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/cicero-de-officiis-on-moral-duties">Cicero: De Officiis (On Moral Duties)</a></p></li><li><p><strong>October 18</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 34&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/gandhi-an-autobiography">Gandhi: An Autobiography</a></p></li><li><p><strong>October 25</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 35&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/churchill-my-early-life-painting">Churchill: My Early Life, Painting as a Pastime, The Second World War</a></p></li></ul><h2>November</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kTJ0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda80e6ee-7ff4-434d-8e89-d4858fd361c9_1000x1000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kTJ0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda80e6ee-7ff4-434d-8e89-d4858fd361c9_1000x1000.jpeg 424w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/da80e6ee-7ff4-434d-8e89-d4858fd361c9_1000x1000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1000,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:330,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Lessons from the Great Books&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Lessons from the Great Books" title="Lessons from the Great Books" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kTJ0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda80e6ee-7ff4-434d-8e89-d4858fd361c9_1000x1000.jpeg 424w, 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3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><ul><li><p><strong>November 1</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 36&#4966; <a href="https://www.zeresew.com/p/lessons-from-the-great-books">Lessons from the Great Books</a></p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — Menander: The Grouch (Dyskolos)]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653;&#4961; &#4673;&#4897;&#4813; &#171;&#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4618;&#4758;&#4653; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4720;&#4752;&#4813; &#4704;&#4848;&#4661;&#4723; &#4672;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4853; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/menander-the-grouch-dyskolos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/menander-the-grouch-dyskolos</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 19 Sep 2026 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/217446913/055366d9e8152f74daac82c66cb54f5e.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEgP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12622219-66c2-4263-aa82-09baccc689ea_1456x819.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eEgP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12622219-66c2-4263-aa82-09baccc689ea_1456x819.jpeg 424w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#4776;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4704;&#4661;&#4720;&#4656;&#4636;&#4757;&#4963; &#4704;&#4947;&#4653;&#4756;&#4661; &#4720;&#4651;&#4651; &#4878;&#4757;&#4963; &#4937;&#4620; &#4704;&#4637;&#4725;&#4707;&#4621; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4811;&#4667; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4853;&#4648;&#4661; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4656;&#4813; &#4720;&#4873;&#4830; &#4843;&#4840;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962; &#4704;&#4704;&#4819;&#4621; &#4672;&#4757; &#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4653;&#4657; 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&#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4849;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4707;&#4621;&#4850;&#4813;&#4755; &#4854;&#4635;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4707;&#4621;&#4850;&#4813;&#4757; &#4621;&#4723;&#4808;&#4899; &#4658;&#4634;&#4780; &#4854;&#4635; &#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4733;&#4964; &#4854;&#4635;&#4813;&#4637; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#4962; &#4616;&#4826;&#4843; &#4708;&#4725; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4617;&#4637; &#8212; &#4813;&#4739; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4632;&#4899;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4653;&#4661;&#4704;&#4725; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4634;&#4621;&#4776;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4640;&#4651;&#4720;&#4763; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4621;&#4865; &#4621;&#4867;&#4872;&#4648;&#4853; &#4755;&#4725;&#4964; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4845;&#4811; 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&#4658;&#4634;&#4780; &#4773;&#4840;&#4910;&#4792;&#4733; &#4808;&#4899;&#4733;&#4964; &#4878;&#4653;&#4874;&#4843;&#4661; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933;&#4811;&#4757; &#4656;&#4637;&#4726; &#4808;&#4848; &#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4849; &#4808;&#4648;&#4848;&#4964; &#4662;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4726;&#4661; &#4776;&#4619;&#4845; &#4872;&#4632;&#4849;&#4757; &#4843;&#4824;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4662;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4726;&#4661; &#4753;&#4827;&#4828;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4827;&#4813;&#4757;&#4721;&#4757; &#4658;&#4843;&#4808;&#4897; &#4621;&#4869;&#4727; &#4776;&#4878;&#4753; &#4678;&#4635; &#4723;&#4616;&#4677;&#4661; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4773;&#4653;&#4663;&#4757; &#4773;&#4843;&#4840; &#4872;&#4632;&#4849;&#4757; &#4618;&#4616;&#4677; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4672;&#4653;&#4726;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4720;&#4755;&#4877;&#4655;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4648;&#4869;&#4633; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653;</strong> 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&#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4808;&#4648;&#4848;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4813;&#4622;&#4723;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4808;&#4648;&#4848;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4776;&#4708;&#4721; &#4843;&#4661;&#4808;&#4899;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4661;&#4721; &#4621;&#4869; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4821;&#4851; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4661;&#4636;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4878;&#4653;&#4874;&#4843;&#4661;&#4757; &#4704;&#4629;&#4877; &#4621;&#4865; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4878; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4637;&#4661;&#4781;&#4654;&#4733; &#4938;&#4725; &#4757;&#4709;&#4648;&#4721;&#4757;&#4755; &#4773;&#4741;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4851;&#4653; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; 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&#4773;&#4741;&#4725; &#4768;&#4872;&#4707;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4773;&#4757;&#4677;&#4939;&#4721; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4648;&#4659;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4883;&#4848;&#4763;&#4813; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4704;&#4768;&#4707;&#4721; &#4768;&#4941; &#4632;&#4621;&#4656;&#4757; &#4656;&#4635;&#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4845;&#4830;&#4725; &#4632;&#4901;&#4726; &#4773;&#4826;&#4843; &#4619;&#4845; &#4656;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4621;&#4875; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4653;&#4873; &#4704;&#4811;&#4667;&#4813; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4811;&#4669;&#4757;&#4725;&#4755; &#4824;&#4936;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4781;&#4756;&#4638;&#4757; &#4678;&#4661;&#4622; &#4720;&#4765;&#4727;&#4621;&#4964; 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&#4704;&#4632;&#4664;&#4776;&#4637;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4840;&#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></p><ol><li><p><strong>&#4633;&#4617; &#4896;&#4811;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616; &#4813;&#4900;&#4725; &#4632;&#4678;&#4936;&#4649; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;?</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4848;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4653; &#4704;&#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704; &#4609;&#4617; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4663;&#4621;&#4964; &#4662;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4726;&#4661; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4848;&#4781;&#4638; &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4619;&#4632;&#4899;&#4637;&#4962; &#4632;&#4678;&#4936;&#4649; &#4706;&#4640;&#4651; &#4758;&#4654; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4661;&#4616; &#4709;&#4675;&#4725; &#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4768;&#4621;&#4640;&#4651;&#4637;&#4962; &#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4621;&#4757;&#4648;&#4659;&#4813; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4609;&#4756;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4768;&#4875;&#4899;&#4634; &#4773;&#4757;&#4853;&#4755;&#4661;&#4720;&#4813;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4621;&#4869;&#4727; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#4768;&#4899;&#4733;?</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763;&#4813; &#4878;&#4757; &#4677;&#4653;&#4921; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4843;&#4619;&#4872;&#4707;&#4733; &#4621;&#4869; &#4704;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4619;&#4845; &#4709;&#4825; &#4768;&#4725;&#4723;&#4845;&#4637;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4878;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4845;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621; &#8212; &#4808;&#4901; &#4708;&#4721;&#4963; &#4707;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813;&#4755; &#4768;&#4654;&#4874;&#4727; &#4661;&#4637; &#4768;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4773;&#4653;&#4663;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4616;&#4776;&#4725; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756; &#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4768;&#4707;&#4727; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4704;&#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4639; &#4768;&#4941; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813;&#4962; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4709;&#4731; &#4845;&#4656;&#4899;&#4723;&#4621;&#4966; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4708;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; &#4811;&#4667;&#4813; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4808;&#4899; &#4709;&#4731;&#4811;&#4757; &#4773;&#4653;&#4663; &#4755;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4756;&#4638;&#4757;&#4757; &#4843;&#4851;&#4752;&#4813; &#4941;&#4677;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4768;&#4875;&#4899;&#4634;?</strong> &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637;&#4964; &#4677;&#4848;&#4637; &#4720;&#4776;&#4720;&#4617; &#4877;&#4757; &#4845;&#4616;&#4843;&#4621;&#4962; &#4808;&#4848; &#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4849; &#4840;&#4899;&#4616;&#4813; &#4768;&#4875;&#4899;&#4634; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4707;&#4621;&#4850;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4854;&#4635;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4768;&#4654;&#4874;&#4725; &#4773;&#4869;&#4962; &#4941;&#4677;&#4653; &#4662;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4726;&#4661;&#4757; &#4704;&#4782;&#4648;&#4709;&#4723;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4678;&#4840;&#4813;&#4962; &#4808;&#4848; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4808;&#4648;&#4848;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4878;&#4653;&#4874;&#4843;&#4661; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813; &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4840;&#4843;&#4824;&#4733;&#4813; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4768;&#4621;&#4683;&#4621; &#4709;&#4844; &#4661;&#4621; &#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4768;&#4619;&#4704;&#4675;&#4637; &#4661;&#4619;&#4616; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4827;&#4813;&#4757;&#4721; &#4720;&#4616;&#4813;&#4903;&#4621;&#4963; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649;&#4757; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4883;&#4621;&#4963; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4721;&#4757; &#4936;&#4653;&#4639;&#4621;&#4964; &#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757; &#4620;&#4619; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725; &#4904;&#4632;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867;</strong> &#8212; &#4648;&#4869;&#4633; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4840;&#4781;&#4756;&#4638;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4942; &#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4661;&#4636;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4706;&#4614;&#4757; &#4758;&#4654; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4707;&#4621;&#4936;&#4648;&#4632; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4677;&#4848;&#4637; &#4720;&#4776;&#4720;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4878;&#4653;&#4874;&#4843;&#4661;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616;&#4813; &#4776;&#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4853; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4808;&#4899;&#4963; &#4872;&#4755; &#4773;&#4840;&#4720;&#4757;&#4672;&#4896;&#4672;&#4896; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4721; &#4872;&#4707;&#4963; &#4704;&#4649;&#4757; &#4824;&#4875;&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4656;&#4653;&#4873; &#4768;&#4621;&#4612;&#4848;&#4637;&#4962; &#4621;&#4865; &#4725;&#4851;&#4655;&#4757; &#4725;&#4845;&#4827;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4765;&#4727;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4673;&#4661;&#4617; &#4656;&#4704;&#4709; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4678;&#4661;&#4623;&#4621; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4656;&#4653;&#4877; &#4658;&#4612;&#4853; &#4768;&#4827;&#4813;&#4757;&#4721; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4616;&#4616; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4640;&#4651;&#4720;&#4766;&#4733; &#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4616;&#4813;&#4897; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4621;&#4704;&#4675; &#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4664;&#4776;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4658;&#4664;&#4776;&#4633;&#4725; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4635;&#4853;&#4648;&#4877; &#4843;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;&#4813; &#4621;&#4781; &#4843; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4661;&#4616; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4843;&#4808;&#4899; &#4656;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4936;&#4723; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4776;&#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4853; &#4658;&#4843;&#4808;&#4897;&#4725; &#4936;&#4677;&#4855;&#4621;&#4964; &#4808;&#4848; &#4656;&#4653;&#4873; &#4658;&#4808;&#4661;&#4849;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4672;&#4848;&#4637;&#4962; &#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4878;&#4757; &#4616;&#4878;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4902; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4669;&#4637;&#4877;&#4621;&#4755;&#4755; &#4873;&#4653;&#4667;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4669;&#4637;&#4877;&#4621;&#4755; &#4658;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677; &#4720;&#4899;&#4845;&#4814;&#4729; &#4661;&#4636;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4875;&#4709; &#4773;&#4661;&#4778;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4896;&#4704;&#4673;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4637;&#4661;&#4781;&#4654;&#4733; &#4938;&#4725; &#4776;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4906;&#4725; &#4845;&#4704;&#4619;&#4617;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4705; &#4873;&#4851;&#4841;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875; &#4845;&#4678;&#4901;&#4648;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4757;&#4925;&#4925;&#4649;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4651;&#4663; &#4725;&#4808;&#4661;&#4848;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4669;&#4637;&#4877;&#4621;&#4755;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4640;&#4651;&#4813; &#4661;&#4636;&#4721;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648;&#4813; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4661;&#4636;&#4721;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4896;&#4709;&#4677; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4843;&#4621;&#4941; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4873;&#4653;&#4667;&#4813; &#4821;&#4653;&#4677; &#4840;&#4634;&#4707;&#4621;&#4704;&#4725; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4637;&#4616;&#4907; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4704;&#4776;&#4938;&#4621; &#4725;&#4661;&#4635;&#4635;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; &#4704;&#4946;&#4652;&#4840;&#4661; &#4840;&#4707;&#4821;&#4853; &#4902;&#4653; &#4768;&#4616;&#4963; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756;&#4813; &#4776;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4813;&#4906; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4613; &#4843;&#4616; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4723; &#4733;&#4877;&#4653; &#4845;&#4936;&#4621;&#4875;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4661;&#4616; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;&#4755; &#4661;&#4616; &#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4632;&#4808;&#4656;&#4757; &#4768;&#4725;&#4733;&#4621;&#4637;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4827;&#4813;&#4757;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4726;&#4729; &#4875;&#4653; &#4632;&#4723;&#4648;&#4677; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763; &#4840;&#4672;&#4649; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763;&#4814;&#4729; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4661;&#4635;&#4635;&#4721; &#4672;&#4901;&#4623;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#171;&#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4813; &#4621;&#4781;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4624;&#4648;&#4877; &#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4848;&#4872;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673;&#4757; &#4632;&#4896;&#4840;&#4677; &#4658;&#4843;&#4677;&#4720;&#4813; &#4704;&#4725;&#4757;&#4665; &#4619;&#4845; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4658;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4840;&#4640;&#4651;&#4813; &#4845;&#4758;&#4648;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850;&#4755; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850; &#4840;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4850;&#4638;&#4781;&#4651;&#4658; &#4651;&#4663;&#4757; &#4840;&#4872;&#4616;&#4920;&#4733;&#4704;&#4725; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733;&#4962; &#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4757; &#4632;&#4813;&#4848;&#4677; &#4768;&#4616; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4757; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4936;&#4723; &#4733;&#4877;&#4653; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4937; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4821;&#4653;&#4677; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4845;&#4731;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4709; &#4720;&#4704;&#4723;&#4725;&#4758;&#4637; 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&#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4725; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4896;&#4757; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4781;&#4756;&#4638;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4848;&#4704;&#4848;&#4704;&#4637;&#4964; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813; &#4635;&#4661;&#4632;&#4648;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4872;&#4752;&#4707;&#4813; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653;&#4723; &#4704;&#4634;&#4731;&#4621;&#4704;&#4725; &#4632;&#4896;&#4757; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4843; &#4677;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4709;&#4621;&#4896;&#4725;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4901;&#4619;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4941;&#4653;&#4611;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; 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&#4840;&#4672;&#4848;&#4632;&#4813; &#4672;&#4621;&#4848;&#4763; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938; &#8212; &#4704;&#4706;&#4827;&#4757;&#4723;&#4845;&#4757; &#4840;&#4757;&#4707;&#4709; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4653; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4872;&#4709;&#4726; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4722;&#4915;&#4901;&#4654;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755;&#4757; &#4843;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;&#4813; &#4632;&#4676;&#4854;&#4757;&#4843;&#4810; &#8212; &#4704;&#4946;&#4652;&#4840;&#4661; &#4637;&#4669;&#4877; &#4902;&#4653; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;&#4964; &#4757;&#4709;&#4648;&#4725; &#4840;&#4620;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4828;&#4878;&#4733; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4872;&#4936;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4938;&#4620;&#4638;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4720;&#4672;&#4755;&#4675;&#4765; &#8212; &#4704;&#4813;&#4853;&#4853;&#4654;&#4729; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4709;&#4827;&#4763;&#4813;&#4757; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4664;&#4757;&#4936;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4714;&#4781;&#4726;&#4653; &#4635;&#4653;&#4722;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4673;&#4897;&#4813;&#187;&#4757; &#4768;&#4659;&#4725;&#4638; &#4843;&#4808;&#4899; &#4637;&#4609;&#4653; &#8212; &#4776;&#4666;&#4613; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4619;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813;&#4757; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4840;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4650;&#4843;&#4725;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4756;&#4638;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721; &#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4936;&#4675;&#4849; &#4616;&#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4901;&#4649; &#4675;&#4621; &#4720;&#4755;&#4877;&#4654; &#4840;&#4635;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4768;&#4827;&#4813;&#4757;&#4725; &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4853; &#4808;&#4853;&#4678; &#4808;&#4901;&#4726; &#4648;&#4869;&#4633;&#4757; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4845;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4878;&#4653;&#4874;&#4843;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4781;&#4756;&#4638;&#4757; &#4634;&#4661;&#4725; &#4776;&#4672;&#4853;&#4638; &#4707;&#4623; &#4840;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4733;&#4813; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4853; &#4840;&#4808;&#4648;&#4848;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4672;&#4757; &#4840;&#4708;&#4721; &#4808;&#4651;&#4669; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4662;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4726;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899; &#4608;&#4709;&#4723;&#4637; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#8212; &#4896;&#4811;&#4721;&#4757; &#4633;&#4617; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4659;&#4843;&#4840;&#4813; &#4678;&#4941;&#4654; &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4619;&#4632;&#4899;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4781;&#4756;&#4638;&#4757; &#4621;&#4869;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4661;&#4616; &#4875;&#4709;&#4731;&#4811; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4733;&#4813; &#4621;&#4867;&#4872;&#4648;&#4853; &#8212; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4619;&#4725;&#4637;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4708;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; &#4811;&#4667;&#4813; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4808;&#4899; &#4709;&#4731;&#4811;&#4757; &#4773;&#4653;&#4663; &#4755;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4658;&#4634;&#4780;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4781;&#4756;&#4638;&#4757; &#4708;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616;&#4733; &#4768;&#4654;&#4874;&#4725; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4845; &#8212; &#4707;&#4621;&#4850;&#4813;&#4757;&#4637; &#4854;&#4635;&#4813;&#4757;&#4637; &#4808;&#4848; &#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4853; &#4840;&#4899;&#4616;&#4733; &#4773;&#4869;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4658;&#4782;&#4757;&#4755; &#4876;&#4723;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4704;&#4819;&#4617; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813; &#4808;&#4901; &#4708;&#4725;&#4755; &#4707;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#8212; &#4720;&#4707;&#4648;&#4649;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725; &#4768;&#4827;&#4813;&#4757;&#4721;&#4757; &#4720;&#4664;&#4781;&#4632;&#4813; &#4808;&#4656;&#4849;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4947;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4773;&#4648;&#4766;&#4733;&#4755; &#4840;&#4704;&#4648;&#4611; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781;&#4964; &#4840;&#4811;&#4667;&#4813; &#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4725; &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4757; &#4776;&#4941;&#4726; &#4808;&#4848; &#4811;&#4667;&#4813; &#4872;&#4707;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4637;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4937;&#4620;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4947;&#4653;&#4756;&#4661; &#4720;&#4651;&#4651; &#4878;&#4757; &#4843;&#4616;&#4733; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4673;&#4621;&#4673;&#4616;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4845;&#4779;&#4612;&#4851;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4947;&#4757; &#4811;&#4667;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4754;&#4637;&#4942;&#4733;&#4755; &#4840;&#4947;&#4757; &#4632;&#4632;&#4616;&#4778;&#4843; &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4619;&#4845; &#4776;&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4704;&#4654;&#4733; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4616;&#4763;&#4813;&#4964; &#4656;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4704;&#4813;&#4661;&#4897; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4946;&#4652;&#4840;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4808;&#4848;&#4709; &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4676;&#4854;&#4757;&#4843; &#4902;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4840;&#4757;&#4873;&#4641;&#4757; &#4877;&#4709;&#4835; &#4725;&#4726; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4813;&#4739;&#4813; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4634;&#4722;&#4620;&#4754;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4620;&#4829;&#4710;&#4661; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4733; &#4710;&#4723; &#8212; &#4776;&#4816;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4733; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4726;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4643;&#4617;&#4704;&#4725; &#4808;&#4616;&#4621; &#4638;&#4827;&#4845;&#4781; &#4843;&#4616;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4624;&#4648;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4877;&#4709;&#4933; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4645;&#4653; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733; &#8212; &#4872;&#4704;&#4843;&#4811;&#4755; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853; &#4708;&#4727; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4617; &#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4776;&#4619;&#4845; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4707;&#4821;&#4853; &#4872;&#4837; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4668;&#4781; &#4609;&#4660;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4707;&#4620; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4765; &#4710;&#4723; &#8212; &#4704;&#4720;&#4616;&#4632;&#4848;&#4813; &#4874;&#4828; &#4920;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616;&#4963; &#4704;&#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4720;&#4883;&#4837;&#4755; &#4704;&#4752;&#4875;&#4852; &#4840;&#4634;&#4638;&#4619;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4925;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4850;&#4661;&#4782;&#4622;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781;&#4763; &#4661;&#4637; &#8212; &#4768;&#4709;&#4654; &#4616;&#4632;&#4758;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4728;&#4877;&#4653;&#4963; &#4896;&#4707;&#4841; &#4840;&#4776;&#4648;&#4648; &#4656;&#4813; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4824;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653;&#4845;&#4964; &#4704;&#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4824;&#4757;&#4853; &#4829;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616; &#8212; &#4704;&#4677;&#4866;&#4813; &#4704;&#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723; &#4661;&#4633; &#4709;&#4731; &#4720;&#4925;&#4942; &#4845;&#4872;&#4763;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4721; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4942;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4829;&#4637;&#4723; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848; &#4677;&#4653;&#4925; &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4813;&#4654;&#4947;&#4755; &#4808;&#4848; &#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4810;&#4813; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4909;&#4757;&#4709;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4768;&#4850;&#4657; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850; &#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4824;&#4875;&#4869;&#4727;&#4621; &#8212; &#4840;&#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4645;&#4651; &#4909;&#4757;&#4709;&#4617; &#4840;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813;&#4757; &#4635;&#4941;&#4648;&#4661; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4704;&#4654;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4864;&#4653;&#4707; &#4840;&#4720;&#4640;&#4649; &#4632;&#4781;&#4936;&#4731;&#4814;&#4733; &#8212; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4704;&#4653; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4708;&#4725; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4776;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4709; &#4768;&#4843;&#4632;&#4899;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4707;&#4629;&#4653;&#4843;&#4725;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4724;&#4814;&#4941;&#4651;&#4661;&#4902;&#4661; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#8212; &#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4651;&#4725;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4824;&#4648;&#4829;&#4653; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4768;&#4621;&#4707; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4653;&#4964; &#171;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4904;&#4632;&#4648;&#4813; &#4636;&#4755;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4710; / &#4813;&#4709;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4875;&#4651; &#4840;&#4773;&#4653;&#4667; &#4645;&#4651; &#4621;&#4635;&#4853; &#8212; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725;&#4757; &#4632;&#4901;&#4651;&#4725;&#4755; &#4720;&#4896;&#4653;&#4726; &#4840;&#4632;&#4612;&#4853; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;&#4964; &#4776;&#4813;&#4906; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648; &#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4747;&#4619; &#4845;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4617;&#4811;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4658;&#4851;&#4635; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4867; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#8212; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4779;&#4813; &#4768;&#4709;&#4654; &#4704;&#4720;&#4757;&#4672;&#4659;&#4672;&#4656;&#4813; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4638;&#4875;&#4659;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4774;&#4654;&#4638; &#4707;&#4613;&#4621; &#4776;&#4813;&#4906; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899; &#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; &#4878;&#4659;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4707;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#4661;&#4637; &#4845;&#4656;&#4896;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4632;&#4709;&#4721; &#4845;&#4616;&#4808;&#4899;&#4621;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4720;&#4616;&#4808;&#4896; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4720;&#4664;&#4776;&#4633;&#4725;&#4962;</strong> &#4781;&#4756;&#4638;&#4757; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649;&#4757; &#4720;&#4755;&#4877;&#4654; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4721;&#4757; &#4936;&#4648;&#4632;&#4964; &#4808;&#4848; &#4704;&#4819;&#4617; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4725;&#4776;&#4667; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4635;&#4896;&#4675;&#4616;&#4843; &#4843;&#4752;&#4709;&#4704;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4621;&#4704;&#4675; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4659;&#4845; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4707;&#4704;&#4843; &#4752;&#4813; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4757; &#4661;&#4723;&#4661;&#4723;&#4813;&#4657; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4653;&#4707;&#4733;&#4609; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4649; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4632;&#4664;&#4776;&#4633;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4840;&#4725;&#4763;&#4813; &#4773;&#4845;&#4723; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;&#4962;</strong> &#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850; &#4632;&#4813;&#4848;&#4677; &#4768;&#4616; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850;&#4813; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4936;&#4723; &#4733;&#4877;&#4653; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4901;&#4704;&#4707;&#4810; &#4773;&#4845;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813; &#4709;&#4622; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4813; &#4704;&#4840;&#4725;&#4763;&#4813; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4632;&#4758;&#4653; &#4845;&#4667;&#4619;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4704;&#4725;&#4757;&#4665; &#4632;&#4653;&#4779;&#4725; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673;&#4757; &#4632;&#4896;&#4840;&#4677;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4616;&#4720;&#4656;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4840;&#4725;&#4763;&#4813; &#4845;&#4704;&#4621;&#4901; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4621;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4621;&#4962;</strong> &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4878;&#4653;&#4874;&#4843;&#4661;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4721; &#4768;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707;&#4963; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4867;&#4813;&#4757; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4656;&#4653;&#4877; &#4656;&#4704;&#4648; &#8212; &#4876;&#4723;&#4661;&#4757;&#4755; &#4658;&#4782;&#4757;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4645;&#4651; &#4709;&#4731; &#4808;&#4848; &#4877;&#4709;&#4835;&#4813; &#4768;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4808;&#4848; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4872;&#4705;&#4725; &#4773;&#4752;&#4635;&#4757; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4963; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725; &#4840;&#4640;&#4649;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4773;&#4752;&#4635;&#4757;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — Aristophanes: The Comedies]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661;&#4961; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850;&#4814;&#4733; &#171;&#4782;&#4636;&#4850;&#4637; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4723;&#4813;&#4675;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; Acharnians, The Clouds, Peace, Lysistrata]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/aristophanes-the-comedies</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/aristophanes-the-comedies</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 07:43:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/213180986/483d177564101a1d09ae073003ec505b.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" 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&#4768;&#4896;&#4939;&#4613;&#4962; &#4840;&#4781;&#4657; &#4813;&#4900;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677;&#4637;&#4962; &#4840;&#4634;&#4723;&#4808;&#4672;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616; &#8212; &#4704;&#4672;&#4899;&#4841; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4620;&#4619; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4768;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4963; &#4843; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4864;&#4637;&#4648;&#4813; &#171;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4651;&#4637;&#187; &#4704;&#4634;&#4621; &#4675;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 2 &#8212; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4640;&#4651;&#4813; (&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4776;&#4843;&#4966; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4704;&#4819;&#4621; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; 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&#4840;&#4634;&#4723;&#4848;&#4633;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721; &#4672;&#4619;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#4704;&#4707;&#4821;&#4851;&#4757; &#4938;&#4725; &#4768;&#4896;&#4939;&#4613;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4781;&#4661; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813; &#4704;&#4826;&#4613; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4704;&#4708;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4755; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851; &#4938;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4845;&#4776;&#4941;&#4619;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4819;&#4619;&#4725; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4645;&#4651; &#4752;&#4704;&#4649;&#4962; 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&#4773;&#4757;&#4673;&#4651;&#4650;&#4726;&#4733;&#4963; &#4720;&#4653;&#4710;&#4733;&#4963; &#4808;&#4942;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4947;&#4651;&#4707;&#4658;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4632;&#4611;&#4621; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4845;&#4678;&#4635;&#4621;&#4964; &#4720;&#4811;&#4755;&#4846;&#4729; &#4845;&#4808;&#4899;&#4617;&#4964; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4813; &#4705;&#4853;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4729; &#4830;&#4654; &#4840;&#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813;&#4757; &#4675;&#4621; &#4704;&#4672;&#4901;&#4723; &#4845;&#4755;&#4872;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725;&#4637; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657; &#4808;&#4901;&#4726; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653;&#4704;&#4725; &#4704;&#4653; &#4768;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850;&#4755; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850; &#4661;&#4616; 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&#4720;&#4811;&#4755;&#4846;&#4729; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4808;&#4757;&#4854;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4909;&#4757;&#4709;&#4621; &#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4875;&#4617;&#4962; &#4840;&#4782;&#4636;&#4850;&#4813; &#4768;&#4621;&#4707;&#4659;&#4725; &#4614;&#4757; &#4720;&#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4875;&#4752;&#4753; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4638;&#4619; &#4614;&#4853;&#4963; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4896;&#4896; &#4872;&#4619;&#4963; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4843;&#4634; &#4909;&#4757;&#4709;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4848; &#4720;&#4675;&#4651;&#4754; &#4768;&#4677;&#4899;&#4907; &#4840;&#4634;&#4811;&#4665;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4776;&#4632;&#4896;&#4753; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4875; &#4723;&#4659;&#4843;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4776;&#4632;&#4896;&#4753; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; 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&#4704;&#4672;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4616;&#4616; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4704;&#4819;&#4617; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4725;&#4614;&#4757; &#4757;&#4873;&#4641;&#4757;&#4637; &#4725;&#4659;&#4616;&#4677;&#4704;&#4723;&#4616;&#4613;&#4964; &#4704;&#4819;&#4617; &#4658;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677; &#4877;&#4757; &#4672;&#4753; &#4720;&#4651; &#4672;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4781;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757;&#4637; &#4781;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4611;&#4843; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#8212; &#4946;&#4622;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4661;&#4947;&#4653;&#4723; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4654;&#4733; &#4720;&#4776;&#4704;&#4813; &#4773;&#4869; &#4656;&#4897;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4723;&#4656;&#4709; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;&#4962; &#4853;&#4617;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4725; &#4843;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; 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&#4768;&#4845;&#4779;&#4612;&#4853;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4704;&#4707;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4648;&#4875;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4808;&#4757;&#4854;&#4733; &#4733;&#4710; &#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4658;&#4632;&#4897; &#4660;&#4726;&#4729; &#4840;&#4813;&#4611; &#4635;&#4656;&#4654; &#4843;&#4936;&#4657;&#4707;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;&#4966; &#171;&#4872;&#4619; &#4632;&#4723;&#4896;&#4706;&#4843; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4848;&#4653;&#4672;&#4611;&#4621;&#4964; &#4813;&#4611; &#4661;&#4757;&#4656;&#4901;&#4613; &#4723;&#4853;&#4875;&#4616;&#4613;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4707;&#4616;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4753;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4658;&#4658;&#4618;&#4813; &#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4776;&#4670;&#4632;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813; &#4768;&#4648;&#4875;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4720;&#4678;&#4899;&#4899;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849;&#4964; &#4776;&#4747;&#4619;&#4813; &#4840;&#4661;&#4778;&#4722;&#4843; &#4672;&#4661;&#4720;&#4766;&#4733; &#4768;&#4617;&#4962; &#4672;&#4661;&#4720;&#4766;&#4729; &#4618;&#4658;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4723;&#4757; &#4618;&#4845;&#4825; &#4658;&#4638;&#4781;&#4649; &#4840;&#4768;&#4725;&#4781;&#4621;&#4725;&#4963; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4673;&#4619;&#4621;&#4755; &#4840;&#4851;&#4710; &#4667;&#4909; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733; &#4808;&#4901;&#4720;&#4813; &#4848;&#4709;&#4853;&#4704;&#4813; &#4843;&#4707;&#4653;&#4655;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4705;&#4757; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4827;&#4733;&#4609;?</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4848;&#4653; &#4840;&#4616;&#4632;&#4853;&#4752;&#4813; &#4773;&#4763; &#4752;&#4757;&#4964; &#4840;&#4708;&#4721;&#4757; &#4808;&#4906; &#4840;&#4637;&#4757;&#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4773;&#4763; &#4752;&#4757;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4845;&#4824;&#4811;&#4616;&#4757;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4808;&#4757;&#4854;&#4733; &#4873;&#4851;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4704;&#4661;&#4613;&#4720;&#4725; &#4661;&#4725;&#4808;&#4661;&#4753;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4787; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4632;&#4781;&#4651;&#4733;&#4609; &#4720;&#4776;&#4621;&#4781;&#4616;&#4757;? &#4768;&#4609;&#4757; &#4661;&#4635;&#4962; &#4776;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4850;&#4613; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4660;&#4726;&#4733; &#4873;&#4851;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187; &#4660;&#4726;&#4729; &#4707;&#4616;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4753; &#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4664;&#4936;&#4763; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813; &#4840;&#4657;&#4941; &#4677;&#4653;&#4907;&#4725; &#4768;&#4661;&#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#171;&#4708;&#4725; &#4720;&#4672;&#4637;&#4896;&#4613; &#4657;&#4941; &#4941;&#4720;&#4621;&#187; &#4845;&#4617;&#4723;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4704;&#4877; &#4920;&#4873;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4773;&#4755;&#4901;&#4704;&#4811;&#4616;&#4757;&#4963; &#4678;&#4667;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4773;&#4755;&#4808;&#4899;&#4616;&#4757;&#4962; &#4808;&#4651;&#4854;&#4729;&#4757;&#4755; &#4773;&#4670;&#4614;&#4729;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4616;&#4677;&#4635;&#4616;&#4757;&#4962; &#4616;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4896;&#4672;&#4616;&#4617;&#4725;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755;&#4616;&#4757;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4609;&#4617;&#4757;&#4637; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4637; &#4936;&#4675;&#4853; &#4677;&#4653;&#4907;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4936;&#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4757;&#4964; &#4616;&#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4779;&#4707; &#4773;&#4757;&#4640;&#4651;&#4616;&#4757;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4811;&#4875;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4621;&#4870;&#4733; &#4773;&#4757;&#4808;&#4621;&#4851;&#4616;&#4757;&#4964; &#4808;&#4848; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4621;&#4779;&#4728;&#4811;&#4616;&#4757;&#4962;&#187; &#171;&#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4872;&#4755; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#4614;&#4752;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731;&#4733;&#4757;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4720;&#4763;&#4616;&#4757;&#4962;&#187; &#171;&#4808;&#4757;&#4853; &#4669;&#4704;&#4721; &#4808;&#4901;&#4726; &#4706;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4808;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#4660;&#4725; &#4843;&#4872;&#4707;&#4621;&#4962; &#4840;&#4660;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4909;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4652;&#4659; &#4840;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875;&#4864; &#4707;&#4616;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4633;&#4725; &#4768;&#4781;&#4618;&#4621; &#4768;&#4656;&#4649;&#4616;&#4725;&#4964; &#4616;&#4658;&#4774;&#4621; &#4704;&#4653; &#4896;&#4707;&#4674;&#4813; &#4813;&#4667; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4635;&#4653; &#4780;&#4781; &#4768;&#4661;&#4843;&#4825;&#4725;&#4964; &#171;&#4779;&#4654;&#4757; &#4773;&#4840;&#4896;&#4651;&#4613; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#4768;&#4617;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4664;&#4669;&#4720;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4897; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4855; &#4840;&#4634;&#4620;&#4902;&#4661; &#4657;&#4943;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4659;&#4725; &#4773;&#4651;&#4725; &#4773;&#4840;&#4720;&#4704;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4620;&#4619;&#4811; &#4720;&#4621;&#4707;&#4811;&#4757;&#4964; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4811; &#171;&#4773;&#4653;&#4873;&#4829; &#4752;&#4765;&#187; &#4709;&#4619; &#4776;&#4672;&#4634;&#4663; &#4645;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4848;&#4656; &#4840;&#4752;&#4624;&#4661; &#4840;&#4651;&#4661; &#4673;&#4653; &#4848;&#4709;&#4675;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4620;&#4622;&#4729; &#4704;&#4720;&#4672;&#4848;&#4656;&#4813; &#4773;&#4707;&#4709;&#4755; &#4704;&#4873;&#4873;&#4726;&#4729; &#4905;&#4792;&#4725; &#4632;&#4720;&#4763;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4621;&#4757;&#4637; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4634;&#4653;&#4610;&#4754;&#4755; &#4778;&#4756;&#4658;&#4843;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4629;&#4931;&#4753; &#171;&#4773;&#4635;&#4844;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4896;&#4653;&#4727;&#4725; &#4725;&#4808;&#4653;&#4851;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4768;&#4621;&#4875;&#4963; &#4941;&#4651;&#4669;&#4963; &#4725;&#4651;&#4661;&#4963; &#4709;&#4653;&#4853; &#4621;&#4709;&#4661;&#4963; &#4669;&#4726; &#4773;&#4843;&#4616;&#4733; &#4723;&#4824;&#4872;&#4840;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4962; &#171;&#4845;&#4613; &#4840;&#4632;&#4824;&#4877;&#4840;&#4725; &#4669;&#4723; &#4752;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4840;&#4640;&#4653;&#4877; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4661;&#4725;&#4612;&#4853; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4723;&#4661;&#4723;&#4813;&#4656;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; &#171;&#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4853;&#4725;&#4848;&#4877;&#4941; &#4768;&#4725;&#4653;&#4659;&#4962;&#187; &#4768;&#4725;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4808;&#4872;&#4758;&#4733; &#4720;&#4664;&#4752;&#4937;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4661;&#4947;&#4653;&#4723; &#4632;&#4621;&#4773;&#4781;&#4720;&#4763; &#4720;&#4878;&#4757;&#4709;&#4662; &#4845;&#4632;&#4899;&#4621;&#4964; &#171;&#4619;&#4637;&#4946;&#4726; &#4864;&#4632;&#4648;&#4733;&#4813;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4660;&#4726;&#4729; &#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4752;&#4725; &#4707;&#4622;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4872;&#4937;&#4962;&#187; &#4840;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;&#4637; &#4609;&#4756;&#4723; &#4720;&#4632;&#4659;&#4659;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4773;&#4653;&#4677; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4733; &#4660;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4853;&#4653;&#4853;&#4649; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813; &#4704;&#4773;&#4653;&#4663; &#4872;&#4619; &#4619;&#4845; &#4773;&#4843;&#4659;&#4841; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#171;&#4946;&#4622;&#4661;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4936;&#4621;&#4875;&#4616;&#4757;&#187; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617; &#4661;&#4947;&#4653;&#4723;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;&#4964; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4808;&#4669;&#4632;&#4897;&#4757;&#4963; &#4840;&#4636;&#4875;&#4651;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4648;&#4867;&#4869;&#4637; &#4877;&#4757;&#4710;&#4733;&#4755; &#4782;&#4648;&#4709;&#4723;&#4813;&#4757; &#4845;&#4896;&#4845;&#4675;&#4617;&#4962; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4661;&#4616; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4808;&#4651; &#4845;&#4632;&#4661;&#4619;&#4621;&#4963; &#4877;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4632;&#4964; &#4877;&#4709;&#4835; &#4720;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4901;&#4674;&#4725; &#4808;&#4651;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4733;&#4813; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4852;&#4638;&#4781;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4720;&#4669;&#4654; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4843;&#4825;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4648;&#4867;&#4813;&#4966; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4705; &#4768;&#4621;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4757;&#4637;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4773;&#4752;&#4657; &#4637;&#4757; &#4614;&#4753;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4637;&#4938;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661; &#4813;&#4874;&#4843; &#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4962; &#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4658;&#4843;&#4940;&#4829;&#4704;&#4725; &#4758;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4662;&#4677;&#4651;&#4896;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4824;&#4896;&#4755; &#4824;&#4896;&#4761; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4828;&#4878;&#4733; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4632;&#4653;&#4829; &#4896;&#4901;&#4726; &#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4724;&#4755;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4651;&#4721; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4773;&#4869; &#4656;&#4896;&#4733;&#4962; &#4852;&#4638;&#4781;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4720;&#4669;&#4654; &#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4720;&#4720;&#4776;&#4617;&#4707;&#4725;&#4964; &#4776;&#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4632;&#4899;&#4963; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4843;&#4730;&#4813; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4661;&#4725;&#4664;&#4752;&#4941; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4632;&#4923;&#4937;&#4757; &#4672;&#4896;&#4616;&#4962; <strong>&#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4776;&#4843;&#4966;</strong> &#4709;&#4825; &#4874;&#4828; &#171;&#4776;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4611;&#4637;&#4659; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4656;&#4635;&#4757;&#4843; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4758;&#4648;&#187; &#4845;&#4707;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4720;&#4632;&#4651;&#4635;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733; &#4827;&#4652; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4897;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4656;&#4635;&#4757;&#4843; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4840;&#4621;&#4848;&#4721;&#4637; &#4840;&#4638;&#4721;&#4637; &#4672;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4653;&#4877;&#4896;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4729;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4752;&#4704;&#4649;&#4964; &#4816;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4709;&#4731; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4848;&#4648;&#4657;&#4757;&#4962; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4843; &#4816;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4704;&#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4619;&#4845; &#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4937;&#4725; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763;&#4814;&#4729; &#4840;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4720;&#4672;&#4755;&#4675;&#4766;&#4729; &#4781;&#4651;&#4722;&#4758;&#4661;&#4963; &#4772;&#4813;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661;&#4963; &#4768;&#4636;&#4845;&#4949;&#4658;&#4843;&#4661; &#4661;&#4635;&#4728;&#4813; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813; &#4840;&#4617;&#4637;&#4962; &#171;&#4848;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725;&#4757;&#187; &#4843;&#4664;&#4752;&#4937;&#4725; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4733;&#4637; &#4896;&#4941;&#4720;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4840;&#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ol><li><p><strong>&#4850;&#4779;&#4846;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;?</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4853;&#4621; &#4768;&#4723;&#4752;&#4709;&#4704;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4616;&#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4726;&#4729; &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4619;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4637;&#4966; &#4840;&#4636;&#4875;&#4651;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4621;&#4870;&#4729;&#4757; &#4618;&#4664;&#4901; &#4658;&#4632;&#4899; &#4872;&#4827;&#4728;&#4813;&#4963; &#4840;&#4720;&#4651;&#4704;&#4813;&#4757; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652; &#4768;&#4707;&#4648;&#4648;&#4813;&#4962; &#4656;&#4619;&#4633; &#4840;&#4877;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4877;&#4619;&#4810;&#4637; &#4614;&#4758; &#4845;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962; &#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4848;&#4704;&#4672;&#4813;&#4637; &#8212; &#4768;&#4873;&#4621;&#4726; &#4752;&#4813; &#4843;&#4659;&#4840;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4848;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725;&#187; &#4662;&#4677;&#4651;&#4896;&#4661;&#4757; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;?</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4872;&#4848;&#4617;&#4725; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4840;&#4656;&#4897;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4616;&#4763;&#4813; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4877;&#4757; &#4620;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813;&#4966; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4733; &#4672;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850;&#4813; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4962; &#4843; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4632;&#4720;&#4813;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4731;&#4621;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4618;&#4658;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4723;&#187; &#4661;&#4616; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;?</strong> &#8212; &#4660;&#4726;&#4729; &#4843;&#4664;&#4757;&#4939;&#4617;&#4964; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4664;&#4757;&#4937;&#4725; &#4808;&#4757;&#4854;&#4729;&#4757; &#4704;&#4635;&#4659;&#4632;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4637; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4624;&#4659;&#4705;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648;&#4637; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4664;&#4752;&#4937;&#4725; &#4661;&#4616;&#4720;&#4848;&#4776;&#4633; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4808;&#4757;&#4854;&#4733; &#4848;&#4779;&#4635;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4677;&#4709;&#4757;?</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4619;&#4635;&#4782;&#4661; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4725;&#4821;&#4706;&#4720;&#4763; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#4720;&#4848;&#4653;&#4878; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4672;&#4653;&#4709; &#4658;&#4678;&#4661;&#4621; &#4659;&#4677; &#4845;&#4632;&#4899;&#4621;&#4962; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4901;&#4726; &#4840;&#4612;&#4848;&#4813; &#4720;&#4621;&#4782; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4656;&#4781;&#4654; &#4840;&#4872;&#4707;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4619;&#4776;&#4637;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4872;&#4811;&#4621; &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4673;&#4661;&#4617;&#4757;&#4963; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4896;&#4865;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4760;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4909;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#171;&#4632;&#4678;&#4840;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4776;&#4757;&#4721; &#4632;&#4910;&#4613;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4614;&#4757; &#4709;&#4619; &#4725;&#4678;&#4901;&#4648;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4843; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4909; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4633;&#4776;&#4651; &#4768;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677;&#4637;&#4962; &#4850;&#4779;&#4846;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4726; &#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4678;&#4648;&#4896;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4672;&#4757;&#4637; &#4633;&#4617; &#4840;&#4877;&#4621; &#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4768;&#4872;&#4760;&#4962; &#4635;&#4637;&#4616;&#4897; &#4704;&#4899;&#4637; &#4936;&#4899;&#4757;&#4755; &#4704;&#4899;&#4637; &#4637;&#4729; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4901;&#4649; &#4629;&#4618;&#4755; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4901;&#4649; &#4773;&#4651;&#4725;?</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4661;&#4616; &#4877;&#4709;&#4835;&#4813; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4609;&#4617; &#4829;&#4653;&#4829;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4757; &#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4819;&#4643;&#4813;&#4963; &#4645;&#4875;&#4813;&#4963; &#4896;&#4865;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4720;&#4675;&#4813;&#4638;</strong> &#8212; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4653;&#4941; &#4840;&#4877;&#4621; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4776;&#4634;&#4843;&#4936;&#4653;&#4661; &#4708;&#4725; &#4658;&#4808;&#4899; &#4708;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4936;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4708;&#4721; &#4840;&#4875;&#4651; &#4776;&#4614;&#4752;&#4661;? &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4873;&#4707;&#4772; &#4840;&#4634;&#4640;&#4651;&#4813; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4872;&#4827;&#4616;&#4725; &#4658;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#171;&#4840;&#4651;&#4660;&#4757; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4768;&#4872;&#4760;&#4609;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4776;&#4731;&#4616; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813;&#4637; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4873;&#4707;&#4772;&#4813; &#4632;&#4656;&#4709;&#4656;&#4705;&#4757; &#4843;&#4678;&#4635;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4936;&#4651;&#4634;&#4814;&#4729;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4621;&#4941; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4850;&#4779;&#4846;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4896;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4656;&#4619;&#4633; &#4776;&#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4875;&#4653; &#4845;&#4638;&#4723;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4843;&#4621;&#4656;&#4896;&#4704;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4733;&#4721; &#4901;&#4649; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4632;&#4941;&#4725;&#4628;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4877;&#4621;&#4925; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4962; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4658;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677; &#4873;&#4707;&#4772;&#4813; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757;&#4637; &#4720;&#4704;&#4619;&#4669;&#4727;&#4621;&#4963; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757;&#4637; &#4672;&#4901;&#4623;&#4621;&#4963; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4808;&#4896;&#4813; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4637; &#4773;&#4651;&#4725; &#4635;&#4877;&#4760;&#4721; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4661;&#4848;&#4656;&#4725;&#4755; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4843;&#4661;&#4661;&#4675;&#4621; &#8212; &#4877;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4653;&#4964; &#4852;&#4635;&#4878;&#4878;&#4733; &#4843;&#4661;&#4848;&#4661;&#4723;&#4617; &#8212; &#4877;&#4757; &#4616;&#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4729; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4632;&#4616;&#4840;&#4725; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;? &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4659;&#4677; &#4651;&#4657; &#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4649;&#4757; &#4843;&#4848;&#4704;&#4829;&#4827;&#4621;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4651;&#4657; &#4896;&#4845;&#4678;&#4723;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#171;&#4848;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725;&#187; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4848;&#4779;&#4635;&#4813; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4664;&#4757;&#4936;&#4813; &#4704;&#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4808;&#4848; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4729; &#4830;&#4654; &#171;&#4768;&#4709;&#4827;&#4763;&#4733;&#4609; &#4776;&#4840;&#4725;&#4766;&#4729; &#4755;&#4733;&#4609;?&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4720;&#4848;&#4651;&#4669; &#4632;&#4614;&#4757;&#4755; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4768;&#4709;&#4648;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4635;&#4845;&#4612;&#4849; &#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4659;&#4845;&#4727;&#4621;&#4962; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4848;&#4651;&#4669;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4939;&#4653; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4720;&#4936;&#4677;&#4854;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;?</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4909;&#4757;&#4709;&#4621; &#4640;&#4650;&#4813; &#4936;&#4651;&#4963; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4651;&#4637;&#4964; &#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4639;&#4619; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4909;&#4757;&#4709;&#4621; &#4640;&#4650;&#4813; &#4661;&#4633; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677; &#4840;&#4773;&#4869; &#4633;&#4843;&#4720;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4733;&#4963; &#4661;&#4950;&#4757;&#4656;&#4653;&#4755; &#4704;&#4704;&#4819;&#4617; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936; &#4661;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4725;&#4757;&#4665; &#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4845;&#4848;&#4653;&#4661;&#4704;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4656;&#4813; &#4669;&#4621;&#4635;&#4725; &#4843;&#4872;&#4763;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4672;&#4848; &#4757;&#4852;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4720;&#4683;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4672;&#4848; &#4757;&#4852;&#4725; &#4658;&#4936;&#4901;&#4653; &#4757;&#4852;&#4721; &#4808;&#4848; &#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653; &#4768;&#4845;&#4612;&#4853;&#4637;&#4962; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4729; &#4720;&#4656;&#4637;&#4726;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4720;&#4656;&#4637;&#4726;&#4723;&#4621; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4752;&#4875;&#4723;&#4813; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4845;&#4672;&#4845;&#4651;&#4621; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4729; &#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763; &#4808;&#4897;&#4964; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4672;&#4896;&#4616;&#4964; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4901;&#4653;&#4899;&#4652;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4826;&#4613; &#4768;&#4632;&#4781;&#4757;&#4846; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4632;&#4720;&#4728;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4637;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4672;&#4853;&#4621;&#4613; &#4725;&#4733;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#171;&#4848;&#4939;&#4653;&#187; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4632;&#4896;&#4651;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4637;&#4962; &#171;&#4773;&#4756; &#4725;&#4780;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4843;&#4616;&#4609;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4720; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813;&#4757; &#4723;&#4843;&#4616;&#4613;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4611;&#4843; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4662;&#4677;&#4651;&#4896;&#4661;&#4757; &#4840;&#4936;&#4648;&#4849;&#4704;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4661;&#4616; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4768;&#4619;&#4656;&#4705;&#4637;&#4962; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4720;&#4664;&#4757;&#4939;&#4963; &#4852;&#4638;&#4781;&#4651;&#4658;&#4811; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4720;&#4872;&#4621;&#4709;&#4902;&#4963; &#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4709;&#4825; &#4828;&#4878;&#4733;&#4757; &#4872;&#4853;&#4616;&#4813; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4776;&#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4840;&#4662;&#4677;&#4651;&#4896;&#4661; &#4848;&#4672; &#4632;&#4827;&#4633;&#4653;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4649;&#4962; &#4843; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4949;&#4619;&#4726; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4896;&#4672;&#4656;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4662;&#4677;&#4651;&#4896;&#4661; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4896;&#4672;&#4656;&#4813; &#4949;&#4619;&#4726; &#4704;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4949;&#4619;&#4726; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4632;&#4637;&#4613;&#4649;&#4757; &#4840;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4853;&#4757;&#4673;&#4653;&#4755; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4635;&#4659;&#4840;&#4725; &#4845;&#4936;&#4621;&#4875;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4650;&#4780;&#4728;&#4653; &#4704;&#4768;&#4941; &#4845;&#4883;&#4827;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#171;&#4848;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725;&#187; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4706;&#4808;&#4899;&#4637; &#4637;&#4661;&#4617; &#4758;&#4648;&#4962; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4779;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704; &#4768;&#4845;&#4758;&#4653;&#4637;&#4964; &#4672;&#4621;&#4853; &#4877;&#4757; &#4779;&#4621;&#4720;&#4808;&#4848;&#4848; &#4773;&#4757;&#4787; &#4845;&#4758;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616;&#4733;&#4813;&#4637; &#8212; &#171;&#4877;&#4757; &#4618;&#4614;&#4757; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4768;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4729; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733;&#4757; &#4848;&#4875;&#4877;&#4638; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4638;&#4766;&#4733;&#4755; &#4776;&#4851;&#4846;&#4733; &#4843;&#4659;&#4843;&#4621;&#4964; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4704;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4632;&#4672;&#4896;&#4621; &#4768;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848;&#4634;&#4621; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4720;&#4896;&#4877;&#4726; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4616;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755;&#4810; &#4840;&#4672;&#4621;&#4849; &#4673;&#4637; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4720;&#4872;&#4621;&#4709;&#4902; &#4618;&#4752;&#4704;&#4709; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621; &#8212; &#171;&#4620;&#4619; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4632;&#4936;&#4616;&#4877; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4660;&#4725; &#4635;&#4656;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4841; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4845;&#4613; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4827;&#4652; &#4616;&#4773;&#4756; &#4845;&#4613; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#171;&#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4813; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4936;&#4621;&#4878; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4845;&#4896;&#4845;&#4675;&#4621;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4658;&#4848;&#4707;&#4616;&#4673; &#4752;&#4813; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4840;&#4634;&#4827;&#4707;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4637;&#4757; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4656;&#4619;&#4637;?</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4624;&#4659;&#4705;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4845;&#4648;&#4813; &#4704;&#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4840;&#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653;&#4757; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4635;&#4875;&#4752;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4773;&#4653;&#4677; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4808;&#4872;&#4758;&#4733; &#4632;&#4672;&#4896;&#4621; &#4658;&#4843;&#4677;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4768;&#4709;&#4827;&#4763;&#4813; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763; &#4656;&#4619;&#4637;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4826;&#4843; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4704;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4840; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4619;&#4845; &#4848;&#4648;&#4657;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4659;&#4845;&#4656;&#4635; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4632;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4811;&#4875; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;?</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4840;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4616;&#4773;&#4763; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4962; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4678;&#4637; &#4936;&#4621;&#4878; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4768;&#4621;&#4678;&#4632;&#4637;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4726; &#171;&#4845;&#4613; &#4661;&#4613;&#4720;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4721; &#4651;&#4657; &#4704;&#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4845;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4705;&#4637; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4845;&#4752;&#4704;&#4707;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4651;&#4721; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4773;&#4869; &#4661;&#4725;&#4656;&#4901; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811;&#4757; &#4776;&#4808;&#4848;&#4709;&#4811; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4872;&#4755;&#4761;&#4725; &#4648;&#4867;&#4869;&#4637; &#4877;&#4757;&#4710;&#4733; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4936;&#4653;&#4657; &#4720;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4962; &#4828;&#4758;&#4942;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757;&#4710;&#4729; &#4658;&#4936;&#4653;&#4657; &#4811;&#4669;&#4757;&#4725; &#4720;&#4907;&#4811;&#4734;&#4733; &#4720;&#4896;&#4653;&#4720;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4704;&#4848;&#4661;&#4723; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4672;&#4757; &#4840;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4768;&#4656;&#4705;&#4725;&#4962; &#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661;&#4637; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</h3><ol><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4853;&#4875;&#4634; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725;&#4962;</strong> &#171;&#4773;&#4757;&#4673;&#4651;&#4650;&#4726;&#4733;&#187; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4721; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763; &#4808;&#4899;&#4964; &#4901;&#4757;&#4723;&#4810;&#4813; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4704;&#4853;&#4875;&#4634; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4672;&#4653;&#4709; &#4632;&#4848;&#4648;&#4873;&#4757; &#4845;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4755;&#4621; &#8212; &#4616;&#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657; &#4808;&#4901;&#4726; &#4704;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725;&#4962; 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&#4808;&#4901;&#4727;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4637;&#4755;&#4752;&#4709;&#4704;&#4813; &#171;&#4848;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725;&#187; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4843;&#4841;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962;</strong> &#4776;&#4669;&#4757;&#4936;&#4721; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4720;&#4864;&#4632;&#4648;&#4963; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4896;&#4755;&#4672;&#4672; &#4635;&#4667;&#4667;&#4843; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4840;&#4808;&#4899;&#4813; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4651;&#4657; &#4896;&#4941;&#4727;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661;&#4757; &#4840;&#4637;&#4755;&#4813;&#4672;&#4813; &#4720;&#4672;&#4755;&#4675;&#4766;&#4729; &#4661;&#4616;&#4896;&#4937; &#4909;&#4637;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</strong> &#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4923;&#4936;&#4964; &#4816;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4709;&#4731; 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<em>&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4909;&#4757;&#4709;&#4621; &#4640;&#4650;&#4813; &#4936;&#4653;&#4727;&#4621;&#4962; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4651;&#4637;&#4962; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4656;&#4619;&#4633; &#4840;&#4877;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4773;&#4755;&#4637; &#4877;&#4619;&#4810; &#4614;&#4758; &#4845;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962; &#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4848;&#4704;&#4672;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4768;&#4873;&#4621;&#4726; &#4752;&#4813; &#4843;&#4659;&#4840;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4656;&#4619;&#4633;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4656;&#4619;&#4633;&#4757; &#4896;&#4704;&#4672;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4808;&#4848; &#4901;&#4649; &#4629;&#4618;&#4755; &#4773;&#4843;&#4632;&#4651;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4808;&#4848; &#4901;&#4649; &#4773;&#4651;&#4725; &#4773;&#4843;&#4632;&#4651;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4768;&#4848;&#4872;&#4763; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4725;&#4780;&#4725; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4872;&#4827;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4779;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704; &#4768;&#4845;&#4758;&#4653;&#4637;&#4964; &#4672;&#4621;&#4853; &#4877;&#4757; &#4779;&#4621;&#4720;&#4808;&#4848;&#4848; &#4773;&#4757;&#4787; &#4845;&#4758;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#8249;&#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4721; &#4758;&#4648;&#8250; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4848;&#4661; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4925;&#4755;&#4755;&#4813; &#4773;&#4763;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962;&#187;<br>&#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2>&#4661;&#4638;&#4733;&#4755; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;</h2><h3>&#4656;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4729; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4964; &#4776;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4656;&#4635;&#4757;&#4843; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; 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&#4824;&#4632;&#4731; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837; &#8212; &#4704;&#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4725; &#4661;&#4853;&#4709; &#4781;&#4661; &#4720;&#4896;&#4653;&#4901;&#4654; &#4808;&#4848; &#4661;&#4947;&#4653;&#4723; &#4840;&#4664;&#4664;&#4755; &#4704;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4619;&#4845; &#4637;&#4781;&#4653; &#4840;&#4656;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4772;&#4813;&#4650;&#4946;&#4850;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658; &#8212; &#4704;&#171;&#4768;&#4779;&#4653;&#4754;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;&#187; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4942;&#4661;&#4757; &#4904;&#4653;&#4677; &#4843;&#4811;&#4656; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4772;&#4661;&#4778;&#4616;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4672;&#4853;&#4638;&#4813; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4840;&#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658; &#8212; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4733; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4632;&#4616;&#4778;&#4843; &#4840;&#4634;&#4896;&#4672;&#4661;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4949;&#4619;&#4726;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4662;&#4677;&#4651;&#4896;&#4661; &#4848;&#4672; &#4632;&#4829;&#4633;&#4653; &#8212; &#4632;&#4776;&#4619;&#4776;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757;&#4637; &#171;&#4877;&#4709;&#4835;&#187;&#4757;&#4637; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4964; &#4782;&#4636;&#4850;&#4813;&#4757; &#4632;&#4901;&#4672;&#4661; &#4616;&#4819;&#4619;&#4635;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4733; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4828;&#4758;&#4942;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4648;&#4867;&#4869;&#4637; &#4877;&#4757;&#4710;&#4729; &#4704;&#4811;&#4669;&#4757;&#4725; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4658;&#4936;&#4653;&#4657; &#4840;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4618;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4726;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4814;&#4729; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4733; &#4704;&#4661;&#4633; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4705;&#4704;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4654;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4939;&#4752;&#4661; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4814;&#4729; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4733; &#4704;&#4661;&#4633; &#4672;&#4648;&#4705;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4651;&#4722;&#4758;&#4661;&#4963; &#4772;&#4813;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661;&#4963; &#4768;&#4636;&#4845;&#4949;&#4658;&#4843;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4672;&#4755;&#4675;&#4765; &#4840;&#4782;&#4636;&#4850; &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4814;&#4733; &#8212; &#4661;&#4635;&#4728;&#4813; &#4768;&#4616;&#4963; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813; &#4840;&#4617;&#4637;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4650;&#4843;&#4725;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4850;&#4779;&#4846;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4923;&#4853;&#4677; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;/&#4923;&#4853;&#4677; &#4828;&#4875;&#187; &#8212; &#4704;&#171;&#4768;&#4779;&#4653;&#4754;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;&#187; &#4840;&#4877;&#4621; &#4840;&#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4619;&#4635;&#4782;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4868;&#4756;&#4651;&#4621; &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4704;&#4648;&#4854;&#4813; &#4632;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4938;&#4843; &#4720;&#4621;&#4782; &#4673;&#4661;&#4616;&#4763; &#4614;&#4758; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4637;&#4938;&#4724;&#4814;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4639;&#4733; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4609;&#4637;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621;&#4964; &#4656;&#4619;&#4633;&#4757; &#4704;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4896;&#4653;&#4633;&#4661; &#4843;&#4632;&#4899;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4725;&#4652;&#4949;&#4658;&#4843;&#4850;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4821;&#4851; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4896; &#4768;&#4648;&#4875;&#4810; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652;&#4964; &#4840;&#171;&#4848;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725;&#187; &#4811;&#4755; &#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4650;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4938;&#4850;&#4946;&#4850;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4621;&#4865;&#4964; &#171;&#4678;&#4899;&#4706; &#4936;&#4648;&#4661;&#187; &#8212; &#4848;&#4779;&#4635;&#4813;&#4757; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4720;&#4637;&#4654; &#4768;&#4707;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4723;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4650;&#4875;&#4846;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4773;&#4704;&#4725; &#4901;&#4757;&#4826;&#4827; &#4808;&#4848; &#4656;&#4635;&#4845; &#4840;&#4704;&#4648;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#171;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637;&#187; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4618;&#4658;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4723;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4936;&#4723;&#187; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4632;&#4650;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4622;&#4754;&#4780;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4618;&#4658;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4723; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725; &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4675;&#4808;&#4632;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4619;&#4637;&#4946;&#4726;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4661;&#4947;&#4653;&#4723;&#4811; &#4660;&#4725; &#8212; &#4709;&#4731;&#4811;&#4757; &#4808;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4635;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4634;&#4653;&#4610;&#4754;&#4755; &#4778;&#4756;&#4658;&#4843;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4829;&#4752;&#4763;&#4813; &#4840;&#4635;&#4824;&#4877;&#4840;&#4725; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4725; &#4707;&#4621;&#4755; &#4634;&#4661;&#4725;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4850;&#4846;&#4754;&#4656;&#4661; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4781;&#4654;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661; &#4848;&#4705;&#4707;&#4810; &#4878;&#4757; &#4645;&#4653;&#4964; &#4776;&#4816;&#4645;&#4653; &#4666;&#4613; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4733; &#4840;&#4634;&#4845;&#4829;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4949;&#4754;&#4781;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4873;&#4707;&#4772;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4656;&#4704;&#4656;&#4709;&#4704;&#4725; &#4782;&#4648;&#4709;&#4723; &#8212; &#4704;&#171;&#4768;&#4779;&#4653;&#4754;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;&#187; &#4632;&#4781;&#4936;&#4731; &#4619;&#4845; &#4707;&#4854; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4781;&#4654;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4877;&#4637;&#4867; &#4708;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4704;&#171;&#4618;&#4658;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4723;&#187; &#4704;&#4768;&#4648;&#4875;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4843;&#4824;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4779;&#4653;&#4754;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4776;&#4656;&#4621; &#4640;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#8212; &#4661;&#4947;&#4653;&#4723;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4840;&#4808;&#4845;&#4651; &#4827;&#4942;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4675;&#4901;&#4616;&#4813;&#4707;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4636;&#4875;&#4651;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4704;&#4661;&#4720; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4709; &#4843;&#4616;&#4733; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#8212; &#4704;&#4816;&#4811;&#4865; &#4872;&#4704;&#4843;&#4811; &#4840;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4710;&#4846;&#4722;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4704;&#4661;&#4720; &#4656;&#4636;&#4757;&#4964; &#4776;&#4661;&#4947;&#4653;&#4723; &#4875;&#4653; &#4840;&#4808;&#4872;&#4752;&#4733; &#8212; &#4840;&#4782;&#4947;&#4845;&#4661; &#4624;&#4845;&#4677; &#4770;&#4621; &#4632;&#4872;&#4763;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4946;&#4622;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4611;&#4843; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4661;&#4947;&#4653;&#4723;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4720;&#4776;&#4704;&#4813; &#4773;&#4869; &#4840;&#4656;&#4897;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4637;&#4938;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757;&#4755; &#4709;&#4651;&#4658;&#4851;&#4661; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4617;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4658;&#4658;&#4618;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4902;&#4653; &#4840;&#4619;&#4776;&#4733;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4632;&#4653;&#4776;&#4710;&#4735; &#4840;&#4896;&#4937;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4925;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4852;&#4635;&#4878;&#4877;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#171;&#4840;&#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4632;&#4650;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4633; &#4877;&#4757; &#4629;&#4829;&#4705;&#4757; &#4704;&#4661;&#4636;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4851; &#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4720;&#4616;&#4808;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4620;&#4754;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4781;&#4648;&#4637;&#4725; &#4768;&#4875;&#4635;&#4669; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4648;&#4877; &#4704;&#4819;&#4621;&#4964; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4753;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4723;&#4619;&#4673; &#4850;&#4846;&#4754;&#4658;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4928;&#4848;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4648;&#4877; &#4704;&#4819;&#4621;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4707;&#4650; &#4776;&#4720;&#4638;&#4733; &#4632;&#4621;&#4773;&#4781;&#4720;&#4766;&#4733;&#4755; &#4877;&#4709;&#4653; &#4768;&#4637;&#4906;&#4814;&#4733; &#4840;&#4634;&#4723;&#4848;&#4633;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4608;&#4709;&#4723;&#4633; &#4828;&#4875; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4813;&#4757; &#4705;&#4853;&#4757; &#4840;&#4635;&#4640;&#4621;&#4896;&#4757;&#4963; &#4840;&#4632;&#4632;&#4872;&#4709;&#4755; &#4840;&#4635;&#4621;&#4704;&#4661; &#4808;&#4906; &#4840;&#4632;&#4664;&#4776;&#4637; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#8212; &#4621;&#4872;&#4659; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;&#4963; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4720;&#4632;&#4659;&#4659;&#4845; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4632;&#4616;&#4778;&#4843;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4947;&#4651;&#4707;&#4658;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4840;&#4634;&#4678;&#4637;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4813; &#4705;&#4853;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4729; &#4830;&#4654; &#4840;&#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813;&#4757; &#4675;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653;&#4704;&#4725; &#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4950;&#4757;&#4851;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4877;&#4650;&#4781; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828; &#171;&#4840;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725;&#187; &#4773;&#4755; &#171;&#4616;&#4768;&#4635;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4661; &#4840;&#4808;&#4845;&#4757; &#4896;&#4869;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4896;&#4653;&#4633;&#4662;&#4733; &#4672;&#4621;&#4853; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4640;&#4648;&#4720;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4672;&#4841; &#4872;&#4632;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4873;&#4707;&#4772; &#4672;&#4757; &#4872;&#4704;&#4843; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4672;&#4649; &#4828;&#4878;&#4733;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4782;&#4648;&#4709;&#4723;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4851;&#4704;&#4725; &#4704;&#4672;&#4616;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4707; &#4872;&#4632;&#4853;&#4964; &#4672;&#4616;&#4633; &#4840;&#4752;&#4779;&#4813; &#4845;&#4672;&#4899;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4661;&#4778;&#4722;&#4843; &#4672;&#4661;&#4720;&#4766;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4950;&#4618;&#4661; &#4840;&#4614;&#4753; &#4707;&#4650;&#4843;&#4814;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4850;&#4758;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4669;&#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4650;&#4725;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4720;&#4632;&#4659;&#4659;&#4845; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4781;&#4709; &#4840;&#4664;&#4781;&#4619; &#4875;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4828;&#4813;&#4661;&#4757; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4675;&#4621; &#4845;&#4720;&#4779;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4635;&#4656;&#4706;&#4843; &#4708;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4848;&#4779;&#4635;&#4813;&#4757; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4768;&#4664;&#4755;&#4938; &#4635;&#4853;&#4648;&#4877; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4637;&#4651;&#4617; &#4840;&#4634;&#4707;&#4621;&#4704;&#4725; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; &#4708;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4896;&#4757;&#4779;&#4651;&#4813;&#4755; &#4848;&#4779;&#4635;&#4813; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4632;&#4661;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4897; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4654;&#4733; &#8212; &#4848;&#4779;&#4635;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4664;&#4757;&#4936;&#4813; &#4704;&#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4729; &#4830;&#4654; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4896;&#4683;&#4634;</strong> &#8212; &#4828;&#4878;&#4733;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853; &#4708;&#4725; &#4773;&#4840;&#4878;&#4720;&#4720; &#4840;&#4634;&#4720;&#4851;&#4848;&#4653; &#4656;&#4813; &#8212; &#4704;&#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#171;&#4704;&#4768;&#4724;&#4755; &#4709;&#4731; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4648;&#4725; &#4821;&#4675;&#187;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4704;&#4819;&#4617; &#4901;&#4704;&#4675;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4704;&#4819;&#4621; &#4672;&#4757; &#4757;&#4873;&#4641;&#4757;&#4637; &#4632;&#4659;&#4616;&#4677; &#4845;&#4731;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4901;&#4704;&#4675;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4672;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4616;&#4616; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4877;&#4621; &#4656;&#4619;&#4637;&#4962;</strong> &#4850;&#4779;&#4846;&#4950;&#4618;&#4661; &#4840;&#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4808;&#4661;&#4854; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4896;&#4704;&#4704;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4678;&#4653;&#4902; &#4840;&#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4658;&#4936;&#4621;&#4877; &#4840;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813; &#4656;&#4709;&#4819;&#4810; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4840;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845;&#4661; &#4878;&#4648;&#4708;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4653;&#4941; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4672;&#4848; &#4725;&#4733;&#4725;&#4962;</strong> &#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4840;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4963; &#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4707;&#4616;&#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4813;&#4963; &#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811; &#4851;&#4766;&#4733; &#4848;&#4648;&#4867; &#4840;&#4656;&#4897;&#4725; &#4725;&#4733;&#4725; &#8212; &#4725;&#4733;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725;? &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4725;&#4780;&#4721;&#4757; &#4723;&#4843;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4843;&#4621;&#4962; &#4773;&#4755;&#4757;&#4720; &#4840;&#4725;&#4763;&#4813;&#4757;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4813; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635;&#4755; &#4840;&#4768;&#4757;&#4707;&#4706;&#4813; &#4757;&#4707;&#4709;&#4962;</strong> &#171;&#4618;&#4658;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4723;&#187; &#4827;&#4652; &#4840;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4752;&#4704;&#4707;&#4621;&#4964; &#4616;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4768;&#4724;&#4755;&#4810; &#4877;&#4757; &#4672;&#4621;&#4849; &#4720;&#4872;&#4621;&#4709;&#4902; &#4618;&#4752;&#4704;&#4709; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4776;&#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4813; &#4673;&#4901;&#4901;&#4653; &#4813;&#4906; &#4618;&#4843;&#4853;&#4877; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;? &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4658;&#4848;&#4707;&#4616;&#4673;&#4661; &#4637;&#4757; &#4845;&#4896;&#4939;&#4621;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — T. E. Lawrence: Seven Pillars of Wisdom]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4722;. &#4770;. &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661;&#4961; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4840;&#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4637;&#4656;&#4662;&#4814;&#4733; &#171;&#4704;&#4648;&#4611; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4896;&#4651;&#4811;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4845;&#4656;&#4709;&#4648;&#4811;&#4621; &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4710;&#4723; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962;&#187;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/t-e-lawrence-seven-pillars-of-wisdom</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/t-e-lawrence-seven-pillars-of-wisdom</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/213225411/8152b7f3b79e1d26b7d207570e59c8d9.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4704;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4840;&#4632;&#4781;&#4936;&#4731; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4619;&#4845; &#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4637;&#4758; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616;&#4813; &#4873;&#4851;&#4845; &#4845;&#4613; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 2 &#8212; &#4675;&#4617;&#4757; &#4707;&#4854; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4873;&#4725; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4726;&#4733; (&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4963; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4768;&#4648;&#4709;&#187; &#4840;&#4683;&#4757;&#4683;&#4755; &#4840;&#4725;&#4813;&#4621;&#4853; &#4661;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#171;&#4721;&#4653;&#4781;&#187; &#4840;&#4620;&#4619; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4661;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#171;&#4633;&#4661;&#4618;&#4637;&#187; &#4840;&#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; 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&#4632;&#4621;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4672;&#4899;&#4841; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4779;&#4845;&#4654; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4649; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4840;&#4768;&#4648;&#4709; &#4723;&#4811;&#4674; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4768;&#4672;&#4648;&#4705;&#4964; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4721; &#4707;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4768;&#4648;&#4710;&#4733; &#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4752;&#4923; &#4843;&#4808;&#4897;&#4725; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4840;&#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621; &#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4962; &#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4649;&#4907; &#4776;&#4826;&#4613; &#4768;&#4757;&#4672;&#4925; &#4845;&#4632;&#4752;&#4907;&#4621;&#4962; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4651;&#4657; &#4637;&#4757; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813;&#4757; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4659;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813;&#4964; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4666;&#4613; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4637;&#4659; &#4666;&#4613; &#4768;&#4808;&#4648;&#4848;&#4813;&#4962; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725;&#4637; &#4776;&#4725;&#4829;&#4723; &#4840;&#4720;&#4640;&#4651;&#4963; &#4848;&#4875;&#4877;&#4638; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4813; &#4720;&#4659;&#4723;&#4938;&#4963; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653;&#4755; &#4848;&#4632;&#4808;&#4829; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4720;&#4632;&#4659;&#4659;&#4845; &#4874;&#4828; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4653;&#4853; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4707;&#4706;&#4813; &#4840;&#4819;&#4845;&#4757; &#4637;&#4661;&#4781;&#4649;&#4757; &#4635;&#4632;&#4757;&#4755; &#4720;&#4776;&#4659;&#4665;&#4757; &#4632;&#4896;&#4651;&#4896;&#4653; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4872;&#4925; &#4619;&#4845; &#4635;&#4853;&#4648;&#4877; &#4768;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 3 &#8212; &#4840;&#4821;&#4851; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653; (&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;)</h2><p>&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4666;&#4613; &#4778;&#4622; &#4636;&#4725;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4704;&#4648;&#4611;&#4963; &#4704;&#4848;&#4653;&#4824;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4678;&#4896;&#4649; &#4808;&#4648;&#4651;&#4814;&#4733;&#4755; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4720;&#4777;&#4621; &#4845;&#4845;&#4827;&#4621;&#4962; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4704;&#4672;&#4757; &#4632;&#4673;&#4896;&#4650;&#4843; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4821;&#4851; &#4704;&#4821;&#4851; &#4725;&#4808;&#4661;&#4848;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4966; &#4637;&#4757; &#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4963; &#4773;&#4755; &#4635;&#4757; &#4776;&#4936;&#4616;&#4962;</p><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763;&#4813; &#4821;&#4851;&#4966; &#4704;&#4808;&#4869; &#4840;&#4720;&#4907;&#4752; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725;&#4963; &#4636;&#4845;&#4962; &#4776;&#4672;&#4845; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653; &#4851;&#4653;&#4731;&#4811; &#4808;&#4869; &#4768;&#4637;&#4659; &#4656;&#4813; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4720;&#4752;&#4659;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4664;&#4650;&#4941; &#4755;&#4661;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4939;&#4845;&#4659;&#4621; &#4632;&#4848;&#4704;&#4763; &#4902;&#4653; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837;&#4964; &#4905;&#4792;&#4725; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813;&#4963; &#4648;&#4869;&#4633;&#4757; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4845;&#4829; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4816;&#4813;&#4851; &#4768;&#4705; &#4723;&#4842;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4609;&#4812;&#4845;&#4723;&#4725; &#4878;&#4659; &#4768;&#4616;&#4675;&#4964; &#4853;&#4757;&#4787;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677;&#4963; &#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4853; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677;&#4963; &#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4635;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4611;&#4843; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4666;&#4613; &#4840;&#4808;&#4653;&#4677; &#4659;&#4757;&#4722;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4875;&#4653; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4824;&#4632;&#4731;&#4813; &#4776;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4672;&#4757; &#4864;&#4637;&#4654; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4840;&#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4757;&#4677;&#4755;&#4676;&#4755; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4877;&#4622;&#4725;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4821;&#4851;&#4966; &#4816;&#4675;&#4707; &#4776;&#4864;&#4653;&#4707;&#4811;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4721;&#4653;&#4782;&#4733; &#4632;&#4853;&#4942;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4808;&#4848; &#4707;&#4629;&#4649; &#4768;&#4825;&#4648;&#4813; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4705;&#4853;&#4753; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4872;&#4707;</p></li><li><p>&#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4659;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4704;&#4704;&#4648;&#4611; &#4720;&#4883;&#4825;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4851;&#4728;&#4813; &#4878;&#4659;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4773;&#4843;&#4752;&#4875;&#4872;&#4649; &#4776;&#4768;&#4637;&#4659; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4848;&#4873;</p></li><li><p>&#4704;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4709;&#4825; &#4872;&#4925; &#4845;&#4845;&#4827;&#4621;&#4964; &#4813;&#4874;&#4843;&#4813; &#4901;&#4674;&#4725; &#4872;&#4925; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4840;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4720;&#4675;&#4811;&#4634; &#4721;&#4653;&#4781; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4632;&#4652;&#4721; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p>&#4865;&#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4619;&#4845; &#4816;&#4813;&#4851; &#4768;&#4637;&#4659; &#4936;&#4648;&#4656;&#4766;&#4733;&#4757; &#4845;&#4830; &#4720;&#4808;&#4648;&#4808;&#4648;&#4964; &#4755;&#4661;&#4653;&#4755; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4877;&#4632;&#4616;&#4766;&#4733;&#4757; &#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4776;&#4878;&#4757; &#4872;&#4705;&#4962; &#4721;&#4653;&#4782;&#4733; &#4632;&#4853;&#4942;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4635;&#4830;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4617;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4731;&#4813; &#4632;&#4723;&#4896;&#4938;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4848;&#4709;&#4963; &#4768;&#4677;&#4653;&#4710;&#4725;&#4963; &#4773;&#4813;&#4677;&#4755;&#4962; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4648;&#4936;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4658;&#4755; &#4704;&#4648;&#4611;&#4757; &#4768;&#4683;&#4653;&#4902; &#4808;&#4848; &#4661;&#4810;&#4829; &#4720;&#4883;&#4824;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4768;&#4616;&#4757;&#4706; &#4875;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4721;&#4653;&#4782;&#4733;&#4757; &#4704;&#4637;&#4645;&#4651;&#4677; &#4779;&#4661;&#4728;&#4872;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813; &#4768;&#4616;&#4757;&#4706; &#4808;&#4848; &#4770;&#4840;&#4649;&#4659;&#4620;&#4637; &#4843;&#4824;&#4637;&#4723;&#4621;&#4962; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4616; &#4770;&#4840;&#4649;&#4659;&#4620;&#4637; &#4720;&#4752;&#4877;&#4655;&#4621;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4637;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4821;&#4851;&#4966; &#4635;&#4851;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4635;&#4853;&#4776;&#4637;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4624;&#4869; &#4624;&#4850;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4632;&#4850;&#4755; &#4666;&#4613; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4778;&#4622; &#4636;&#4725;&#4653; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635;&#4962; &#4840;&#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4672;&#4757; &#4840;&#4877;&#4632;&#4621; &#4873;&#4830;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4672;&#4757; &#4768;&#4808;&#4648;&#4848;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4705; &#4776;&#4840;&#4725; &#4632;&#4899;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4768;&#4813;&#4654;&#4947; &#4709;&#4853;&#4653; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4776;&#4633;&#4661;&#4618;&#4633; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4704;&#4720;&#4656;&#4704;&#4656;&#4704; &#4632;&#4811;&#4910;&#4964; &#4768;&#4709;&#4827;&#4763;&#4813;&#4637; &#4776;&#4774;&#4726;&#4635;&#4757; &#4877;&#4827;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;&#4962; &#4616;&#4720;&#4651;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4645;&#4651; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4872;&#4925;&#4723;</strong> &#8212; &#4843; &#4624;&#4850;&#4853; &#4720;&#4659;&#4619;&#4634; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4902;&#4653;&#4637; &#4843;&#4632;&#4619;&#4621;&#4659;&#4621;&#4964; &#4840;&#4632;&#4779;&#4755; &#4840;&#4632;&#4850;&#4755; &#4768;&#4634;&#4654;&#4733;&#4757;&#4637; &#4901;&#4872;&#4763; &#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4875;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4645;&#4653; &#4666;&#4613; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4840;&#4704;&#4648;&#4611; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4779; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4853;&#4635; &#4776;&#4773;&#4865; &#4808;&#4901;&#4723;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4632;&#4850;&#4755;&#4757; &#4632;&#4621;&#4672;&#4677; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4813;&#4757; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4877; &#4632;&#4621;&#4672;&#4677; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4902;&#4649; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;&#4813; &#4704;&#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4661;&#4620;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4661;&#4620;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4637;&#4781;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4850;&#4755;&#4757; &#4768;&#4725;&#4843;&#4825;&#4964; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4649;&#4757; &#4661;&#4704;&#4649;&#4964; &#4877;&#4757; &#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4768;&#4723;&#4901;&#4937;&#4725;&#4962; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4649; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4629;&#4632;&#4637; &#4619;&#4845; &#4776;&#4678;&#4840; &#4902;&#4649; &#4720;&#4672;&#4637;&#4902; &#4845;&#4651;&#4707;&#4621;&#4963; &#4720;&#4672;&#4637;&#4902; &#4845;&#4896;&#4939;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4624;&#4850;&#4849; &#4704;&#4720;&#4848;&#4875;&#4875;&#4634; &#4720;&#4752;&#4672;&#4616;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4901;&#4757;&#4853; &#4624;&#4850;&#4853; &#4720;&#4752;&#4659;&#4962; &#4632;&#4850;&#4755; &#4704;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4874;&#4828; &#4609;&#4617; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4843;&#4824;&#4733;&#4637;&#4964; &#4902;&#4649;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4632;&#4899;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4661;&#4620;&#4721; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4848;&#4779;&#4635; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4704;&#4720;&#4651; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4845;&#4664;&#4752;&#4939;&#4621;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4626;&#4659;&#4705;&#4757; &#4672;&#4840;&#4648;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4648;&#4710;&#4733; &#4877;&#4757;&#4707;&#4653; &#4840;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637;&#4963; &#4840;&#4634;&#4776;&#4619;&#4776;&#4617;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4840;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637; &#8212; &#4896;&#4619;&#4725; &#4618;&#4632;&#4723;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4733;&#4621; &#4752;&#4901;&#4709; &#4840;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4721;&#4653;&#4782;&#4733; &#4704;&#4720;&#4675;&#4651;&#4754;&#4813; &#4609;&#4617;&#4757;&#4637; &#4632;&#4896;&#4704;&#4677; &#4768;&#4616;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4704;&#4656;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4673;&#4659;&#4673;&#4661; &#4619;&#4845;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#4721;&#4653;&#4781; &#4725;&#4720;&#4779;&#4811;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4672;&#4616; &#4624;&#4850;&#4853; &#4877;&#4757; &#4632;&#4720;&#4779;&#4725; &#4808;&#4651;&#4725; &#4845;&#4808;&#4661;&#4851;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4878;&#4659;&#4814;&#4729; &#4821;&#4851;</strong> &#8212; &#4707;&#4705;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4936;&#4752;&#4851;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4845;&#4758;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4721;&#4653;&#4782;&#4733; &#4840;&#4634;&#4704;&#4672;&#4617;&#4725; &#4704;&#4677;&#4653;&#4709; &#4707;&#4616; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4724;&#4866;&#4813; &#4653;&#4779;&#4669; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4829; &#4848;&#4637; &#4658;&#4656;&#4619; &#4709;&#4731; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4925;&#4943;&#4621;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4821;&#4851;&#4966; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4808;&#4899;&#4726;&#4733;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4936;&#4651;&#4869;&#4755; &#4851;&#4813;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4846;&#4733;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4634;&#4661;&#4673;&#4963; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4637;&#4657;&#4963; &#4677;&#4899;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4704;&#4825; &#4621;&#4870;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4843;&#4616; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723;&#4656;&#4709;&#4637;</p></li><li><p>&#4851;&#4813;&#4853; &#4704;&#4768;&#4829;&#4651;&#4677; &#4768;&#4779;&#4707;&#4706; &#4704;&#4824;&#4709; &#4619;&#4845; &#4659;&#4616; &#4704;&#4673;&#4653; &#4723;&#4637;&#4638; &#4638;&#4720;&#4962; &#4936;&#4651;&#4869; &#4672;&#4648;&#4964; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4843; &#4808;&#4651;&#4725; &#4658;&#4925;&#4941; &#4621;&#4865; &#4829;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4616; &#4845;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4755;&#4621;</p></li><li><p>&#4936;&#4651;&#4869; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4648;&#4651; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4853;&#4757; &#4673;&#4661;&#4621; &#4720;&#4632;&#4723;&#4962; &#4705;&#4853;&#4753; &#4704;&#4669;&#4669;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4632;&#4720;&#4813;&#4637; &#4845;&#4830; &#4632;&#4654;&#4901;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4731;&#4621;&#4637;&#4962; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4621;&#4848;&#4704;&#4672;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4768;&#4619;&#4659;&#4632;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637;&#4637;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4821;&#4851;&#4966; &#4848;&#4651;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725;&#4963; &#4758;&#4716;&#4637;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4710;&#4723;&#4813;&#4757; &#4618;&#4675;&#4765; &#4872;&#4709;&#4726; &#4720;&#4843;&#4824;&#4964; &#4720;&#4848;&#4704;&#4848;&#4704;&#4964; &#4776;&#4853;&#4709;&#4848;&#4707;&#4813;&#4637; &#4840;&#4776;&#4939; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p>&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4813;&#4661;&#4897;&#4757; &#4704;&#4683;&#4634;&#4752;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4878;&#4851;&#4813; &#4925;&#4943;&#4621;</p></li><li><p>&#4661;&#4616;&#4826;&#4843; &#4620;&#4618;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909; &#4840;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4675;&#4621; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4720;&#4632;&#4651;&#4635;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4827;&#4652; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4633;&#4704;&#4725;&#4637; &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4854;&#4729; &#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4845;&#4672;&#4704;&#4617;&#4723;&#4621;&#4963; &#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4704;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4841; &#4874;&#4828;&#4843;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4840; &#4824;&#4872;&#4707; &#4632;&#4661;&#4896;&#4721;&#4757; &#4896;&#4677;&#4656;&#4813; &#4845;&#4896;&#4651;&#4896;&#4651;&#4617;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4821;&#4851;&#4966; &#4899;&#4939;&#4661;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725;&#4963; &#4660;&#4949;&#4724;&#4637;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4936;&#4872;&#4941;&#4872;&#4813; &#4840;&#4774;&#4726;&#4635;&#4757; &#4902;&#4653; &#4704;&#4899;&#4939;&#4661; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4648;&#4936;&#4964; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733;&#4755; &#4629;&#4931;&#4755;&#4725;&#4757; &#4904;&#4637;&#4654; &#4709;&#4825; &#4656;&#4813; &#4720;&#4904;&#4936;&#4904;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4899;&#4619;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4899;&#4939;&#4661; &#4840;&#4773;&#4657; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4755;&#4725;&#4962; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4649;&#4757; &#4768;&#4840;&#4964; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4721;&#4653;&#4781; &#4768;&#4637;&#4853; &#4875;&#4616;&#4704;&#4964; &#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;</p></li><li><p>&#4704;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;&#4966; &#171;&#4776;&#4899;&#4939;&#4661; &#4768;&#4661;&#4936;&#4650;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848; &#4773;&#4709;&#4848;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4621;&#4757;&#4964; &#4872;&#4848;&#4621;&#4757;&#4962;&#187; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4672;&#4757; &#4637;&#4653;&#4782;&#4763; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4776;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4909;&#4941;&#4904;&#4939;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4864;&#4632;&#4648;&#4813; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4649; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; &#4901;&#4675;&#4725; &#4840;&#4774;&#4726;&#4635;&#4757; &#4768;&#4637;&#4853; &#4645;&#4651; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4720;&#4632;&#4651;&#4635;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733;&#4637; &#4725;&#4821;&#4827;&#4825; &#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4840;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4709;&#4731; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4845;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4651;&#4617;&#4962; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4739;&#4619;&#4938;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4620;&#4619; &#4768;&#4619;&#4830;&#4648;&#4637; &#8212; &#171;&#4872;&#4848;&#4621;&#4757;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4704;&#4673;&#4901;&#4649; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4656;&#4707;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4821;&#4851;&#4966; &#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725;&#4963; &#4774;&#4781;&#4726;&#4704;&#4653; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4962; &#4840;&#4768;&#4648;&#4709; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4848;&#4653; &#4720;&#4683;&#4683;&#4632;&#4964; &#4939;&#4845;&#4659;&#4621; &#4632;&#4899;</p></li><li><p>&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4901;&#4674;&#4725; &#4672;&#4755;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4936;&#4675;&#4853; &#4896;&#4845;&#4678; &#4808;&#4899;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4720;&#4777;&#4621; &#4658;&#4640;&#4651;&#4704;&#4725; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813; &#4877;&#4709; &#4704;&#4773;&#4865; &#4872;&#4707;&#4964; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4726; &#4612;&#4848;</p></li><li><p>&#4808;&#4848; &#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4757; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4661;&#4616; &#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4654;&#4733; &#4616;&#4632;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4653; &#4638;&#4776;&#4648;&#4962; &#4661;&#4616; &#4669;&#4621;&#4635;&#4725; &#4658;&#4896;&#4840;&#4677; &#4773;&#4637;&#4706; &#4768;&#4616;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4849; &#4618;&#4678;&#4637; &#4840;&#4731;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723;</strong></p><ul><li><p>&#4704;&#4632;&#4781;&#4936;&#4731;&#4813; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4619;&#4845; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813;&#4966; &#4840;&#4768;&#4648;&#4710;&#4733; &#4725;&#4877;&#4621; &#4704;&#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4675;&#4621; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4632;&#4645;&#4653;&#4727;&#4621;&#4964; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4843; &#4675;&#4621; &#4707;&#4854; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4614;&#4757; &#4843;&#4637;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765; &#4768;&#4635;&#4779;&#4650; &#4706;&#4614;&#4757; &#4758;&#4654; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4845;&#4632;&#4621;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4768;&#4621;&#4632;&#4616;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637; &#8212; &#4635;&#4909;&#4704;&#4653;&#4704;&#4649;&#4757; &#4720;&#4664;&#4781;&#4638; &#4612;&#4848;&#4963; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4768;&#4941;&#4654; &#4758;&#4648;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4808;&#4852;&#4725; &#4848;&#4648;&#4657;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4939;&#4845;&#4659;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4611;&#4843; &#4704;&#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678; &#4840;&#4662;&#4653;&#4843; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4865;&#4619;&#4845; &#4619;&#4845; &#4704;&#4634;&#4659;&#4617;&#4757; &#4840;&#4662;&#4653;&#4843; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4720;&#4704;&#4720;&#4752;&#4963; &#4776;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811;&#4637; &#4720;&#4707;&#4648;&#4648;&#4962; &#4704;&#4634;&#4672;&#4901;&#4616;&#4813; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4840;&#4770;&#4651;&#4677; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4875; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4632;&#4896;&#4733;&#4813;&#4962; <strong>&#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4776;&#4843;&#4966;</strong> &#4770;&#4651;&#4677; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4672;&#4757; &#4752;&#4923; &#4768;&#4872;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752;&#4733;&#4637; &#8212; &#4704;&#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4638;&#4877;&#4826;&#4725;&#4752;&#4725; &#4645;&#4653; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733;&#4964; &#4633;&#4617; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4776;&#4768;&#4645;&#4653; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4678;&#4845;&#4726; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4843;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4813; &#4825;&#4939;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4617;&#4819;&#4619;&#4810;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4664;&#4650;&#4941; &#4609;&#4660;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4877;&#4827;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4720;&#4752;&#4901;&#4678; &#4776;&#4768;&#4648;&#4706;&#4843; &#4808;&#4899;&#4962; &#4621;&#4870;&#4729; &#4752;&#4872;&#4641;&#4964; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4872;&#4640;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4816;&#4813;&#4851; &#4768;&#4705; &#4723;&#4842;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4878;&#4659;&#4813; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4776;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4901;&#4674;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4768;&#4648;&#4936;&#4962; &#4704;&#4768;&#4850;&#4657; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4710;&#4723; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637; &#8212; &#4616;&#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4811;&#4875;&#4637;&#4963; &#4616;&#4661;&#4637; &#4720;&#4811;&#4875;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4664;&#4650;&#4941; &#4755;&#4661;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4920;&#4901;&#4723; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4612;&#4848;&#4962; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4840;&#4843;&#4824;&#4813; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4899;&#4619;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4899;&#4939;&#4661; &#4619;&#4845; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4649;&#4637; &#4776;&#4773;&#4657; &#4875;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4936;&#4651;&#4869;&#4755; &#4851;&#4813;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4648;&#4611; &#4672;&#4649;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4868;&#4756;&#4651;&#4621; &#4768;&#4616;&#4757;&#4706;</strong> &#8212; &#4770;&#4840;&#4649;&#4659;&#4620;&#4637;&#4757;&#4755; &#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678;&#4757; &#4845;&#4830; &#4704;&#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4964; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4704;&#4877;&#4709;&#4933; &#4776;&#4941;&#4720;&#4763; &#4782;&#4634;&#4669;&#4752;&#4653; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4936;&#4797;&#4650; &#4947;&#4667;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4850;&#4755; &#4902;&#4653; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837;&#4962; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4768;&#4621;&#4678; &#4776;&#4774;&#4726;&#4635;&#4757; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#171;&#4773;&#4869;&#4613;&#4757; &#4661;&#4901;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4725;&#4821;&#4827;&#4829; &#4658;&#4848;&#4653;&#4656;&#4813; &#4773;&#4637;&#4706; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4840;&#4872;&#4827; &#4632;&#4782;&#4757;&#4758;&#4729; &#4843;&#4825;&#4725;&#4755; &#4768;&#4661;&#4648;&#4776;&#4705;&#4725;&#4962; &#4632;&#4850;&#4755; &#4840;&#4720;&#4843;&#4824;&#4733;&#4813; &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4867;&#4757;&#4811;&#4650; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4779;&#4704;&#4675; &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4808;&#4653; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4678;&#4845;&#4726;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4721;&#4757; &#4616;&#4678; &#4808;&#4899;&#4964; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4672;&#4845;&#4654; &#4704;&#4720;&#4651; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;&#4964; &#4720;&#4875;&#4621;&#4902; &#4720;&#4707;&#4648;&#4648;&#4964; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4872;&#4755; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4661;&#4637; &#4872;&#4707;&#4962; &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4704;&#4638;&#4720;&#4653; &#4709;&#4661;&#4781;&#4620;&#4725; &#4768;&#4848;&#4875; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#4768;&#4653;&#4707; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4840;&#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></p><ol><li><p><strong>&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678; &#4619;&#4845; &#4659;&#4845;&#4678;&#4845; &#4808;&#4899;?</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4825; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4634;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661; &#4853;&#4779;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; &#4768;&#4723;&#4637;&#4757;&#4637;&#4966; &#4704;&#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4848;&#4649; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4706;&#4678;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4901;&#4617;&#4725; &#4808;&#4651;&#4725; &#4720;&#4779;&#4939;&#4845; &#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4840;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4813; &#4704;&#4779;&#4653;&#4723;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4649; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4808;&#4848; &#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4757; &#4658;&#4848;&#4653;&#4661; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4757;&#4704;&#4649; &#4720;&#4845;&#4830; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4707;&#4705;&#4649; &#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4724;&#4866; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4909;&#4779;&#4756;?</strong> &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637;&#4962; &#4709;&#4825; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4768;&#4853;&#4759;&#4621;&#4964; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4672;&#4617; &#4808;&#4848; &#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4612;&#4853;&#4637;&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4896;&#4872;&#4705; &#4808;&#4851;&#4616; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4653; &#4845;&#4612;&#4851;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4616; &#4651;&#4657; &#4840;&#4776;&#4939;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936; &#4656;&#4813; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765; &#4752;&#4813; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;?</strong> &#8212; &#4899;&#4939;&#4661;&#4757;&#4963; &#4936;&#4651;&#4869;&#4757;&#4963; &#171;&#4635;&#4909;&#4704;&#4653;&#4704;&#4653;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4896;&#4651;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4848;&#4704;&#4672;&#4637;&#4962; &#4614;&#4758;&#4637; &#4781;&#4657;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4923;&#4936;&#4813;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849;&#4757; &#4768;&#4675;&#4896;&#4616;&#4813;&#4962; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4720;&#4632;&#4659;&#4659;&#4845; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4720;&#4640;&#4651; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4613; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4768;&#4845;&#4899;&#4648;&#4657;&#4637;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4753;&#4827;&#4828; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853;?</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#171;&#4720;&#4659;&#4661;&#4731;&#4616;&#4609;&#187; &#4768;&#4619;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#171;&#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4616;&#4763;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4637;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4768;&#4813;&#4677; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813;&#4757; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4776;&#4632;&#4941;&#4648;&#4849; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4851;&#4763; &#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4910;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4720;&#4755;&#4877;&#4654; &#4632;&#4813;&#4899;&#4725;&#4964; &#4659;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4632;&#4672;&#4896;&#4621;&#4964; &#4773;&#4843;&#4808;&#4672; &#4632;&#4672;&#4896;&#4621;&#4962; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4840;&#4635;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4656;&#4813; &#4658;&#4843;&#4659;&#4661;&#4725; &#4661;&#4629;&#4720;&#4725; &#4640;&#4651; &#4845;&#4707;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4656;&#4813; &#4658;&#4843;&#4659;&#4661;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4661;&#4759;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4632;&#4621;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907;&#4813; &#4704;&#4901;&#4649;&#4755; &#4704;&#4632;&#4901;&#4942; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4901;&#4942;&#4755; &#4704;&#4707;&#4656; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4706;&#4808;&#4899; &#4758;&#4654; &#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4661;&#4616; &#4768;&#4648;&#4710;&#4733; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4904;&#4752;&#4677; &#4620;&#4619; &#4632;&#4782;&#4757;&#4757; &#4725;&#4621;&#4781; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678; &#4619;&#4845;&#4637; &#4840;&#4768;&#4648;&#4709; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4848;&#4653; &#4768;&#4845;&#4683;&#4683;&#4637;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4637;&#4619;&#4669;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4635;&#4877;&#4760;&#4725; &#4776;&#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4845;&#4667;&#4619;&#4621;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4709;&#4825; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4725;&#4757;&#4665;&#4757; &#4616;&#4634;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4616;&#4634;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4661;&#4620;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4640;&#4651;&#4813; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4899;&#4619;&#4621; &#4661;&#4616; &#4661;&#4620;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4936;&#4723; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4661;&#4619;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4845;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4633;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4621;&#4709;&#4657;</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4620;&#4619; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4840;&#4634;&#4612;&#4853; &#4768;&#4813;&#4654;&#4947;&#4810; &#4616;&#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4612;&#4848;&#4813;&#4964; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4635;&#4648;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4720;&#4651; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4964; &#4757;&#4921;&#4629; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4962; &#4621;&#4709;&#4657;&#4757; &#4840;&#4616;&#4704;&#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677; &#4720;&#4664;&#4781;&#4638; &#4878;&#4659; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4656;&#4707;&#4661;&#4709; &#4840;&#4661;&#4616;&#4619; &#4632;&#4782;&#4757;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4632;&#4776;&#4707;&#4704;&#4653;&#4637; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;&#4637; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4829;&#4755;&#4813;&#4757; &#4664;&#4664; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4720;&#4907;&#4808;&#4720;&#4704;&#4725;?</strong> &#8212; &#4622;&#4813;&#4621; &#4726;&#4635;&#4661; &#4840;&#4776;&#4936;&#4720;&#4813;&#4757; &#4725;&#4653;&#4770;&#4725; &#4709;&#4825; &#4666;&#4613; &#4656;&#4813; &#4773;&#4843;&#4840; &#4659;&#4616; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657; &#4709;&#4825; &#4874;&#4828; &#4612;&#4854; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4781;&#4726;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4672;&#4845;&#4654; &#4704;&#4720;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725;&#4637; &#4776;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4723;&#4811;&#4674; &#4920;&#4624;&#4941;&#4725;&#4755; &#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4776;&#4766;&#4733; &#4875;&#4653; &#4845;&#4923;&#4923;&#4941; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4704;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4878;&#4853;&#4726; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4632;&#4848;&#4704;&#4677;&#4637; &#4632;&#4723;&#4840;&#4725;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4640;&#4649;&#4616;&#4725;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4841; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4661;&#4633; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4617;&#4637;&#4962; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4659;&#4752;&#4661; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4637;&#4659; &#4666;&#4613; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725; &#4923;&#4936;&#4964; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4938;&#4621;&#4637; &#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4768;&#4877;&#4829;&#4942; &#4768;&#4678;&#4632;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4938;&#4621;&#4633; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4843;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4678;&#4632; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4816;&#4675;&#4707;&#4757; &#4843;&#4656;&#4704;&#4813; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4843;&#4616; &#4816;&#4813;&#4851; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4752;&#4659;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4843;&#4616; &#4755;&#4661;&#4653; &#4704;&#4632;&#4611;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4678;&#4845;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4637; &#4848;&#4637; &#4658;&#4808;&#4621;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4899;&#4939;&#4661; &#4824;&#4632;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4872;&#4616;&#4704;&#4896;&#4813;&#4964; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4661;&#4616; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4845;&#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4813; &#4626;&#4659;&#4709; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4896;&#4939;&#4813; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#8212; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4678;&#4633; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4726;&#4733;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4896;&#4939;&#4621;&#4962; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4669;&#4635;&#4877;&#4620;&#4813; &#4845;&#4896;&#4939;&#4621;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4678;&#4896;&#4651;&#4813; &#4845;&#4864;&#4637;&#4651;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4635;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;?</strong> &#8212; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4704;&#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4661;&#4637; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4964; &#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4672;&#4848;&#4733;&#4616;&#4725;&#4637;&#4962; &#4939;&#4845;&#4659;&#4621;&#4637; &#4704;&#4768;&#4648;&#4709; &#4878;&#4659;&#4814;&#4733; &#4661;&#4637; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4964; &#4878;&#4659;&#4814;&#4729; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4853;&#4757;&#4787;&#4757; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4768;&#4840;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4757;&#4896;&#4621;&#4901;&#4623;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4664;&#4781;&#4633;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4907;&#4752;&#4704;&#4725;?</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4966; &#4877;&#4616;&#4656;&#4709; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4618;&#4664;&#4776;&#4632;&#4813; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4664;&#4781;&#4637; &#4720;&#4907;&#4752;&#4704;&#4725;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4966; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763;&#4813; &#4840;&#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4808;&#4778;&#4621; &#4773;&#4756; &#4621;&#4609;&#4757; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4907;&#4752;&#4704;&#4725;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4753;&#4827;&#4828; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4725;&#4653;&#4770;&#4725;?</strong> &#8212; &#4753;&#4827;&#4828; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813;&#4966; &#4899;&#4939;&#4661; &#4768;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4963; &#4936;&#4651;&#4869; &#4768;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4963; &#171;&#4635;&#4909;&#4704;&#4653;&#4704;&#4653;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4675;&#4621; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4941; &#4720;&#4925;&#4942; &#4768;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4962; &#4725;&#4653;&#4770;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4813;&#4966; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4720;&#4925;&#4943;&#4621;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4720;&#4675;&#4901;&#4623;&#4621;&#4963; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4768;&#4637;&#4661;&#4725; &#4666;&#4613; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4637;&#4659; &#4666;&#4613; &#4720;&#4678;&#4653;&#4896;&#4811;&#4621; &#8212; &#4768;&#4653;&#4723;&#4818;&#4813; &#4720;&#4776;&#4659;&#4665; &#4651;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4672;&#4653;&#4704;&#4813; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867;</strong> &#8212; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4768;&#4621;&#4704;&#4616;&#4920;&#4872;&#4637;&#4964; &#4720;&#4776;&#4656;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4768;&#4725;&#4781;&#4853;&#4637;&#4964; &#4901;&#4653;&#4899;&#4652;&#4811;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4869;&#4873; &#4843;&#4851;&#4781;&#4635;&#4621; &#8212; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4661;&#4808;&#4872;&#4848;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</h3><ol><li><p><strong>&#4653;&#4821;&#4657; &#4840;&#4826;&#4613; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4614;&#4758; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4637;&#4962;</strong> &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4776;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4661;&#4616; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4616;&#4763;&#4813; &#4637;&#4645;&#4651;&#4677; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4723;&#4619;&#4619;&#4677; &#4776;&#4720;&#4638;&#4733; &#4620;&#4619; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4618;&#4925;&#4941; &#4768;&#4661;&#4710; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4779;&#4845;&#4654;&#4963; &#4661;&#4634;&#4653;&#4755;&#4963; &#4673;&#4661;&#4901;&#4757;&#4901;&#4757;&#4843;&#4963; &#4708;&#4845;&#4649;&#4725;&#4963; &#4768;&#4620;&#4950;&#4963; &#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678;&#4755; &#4632;&#4850;&#4755;&#4962; &#4645;&#4651;&#4813;&#4757; &#4720;&#4808;&#4813;&#4964; &#4653;&#4821;&#4657;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4707;&#4776;&#4752;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4624;&#4648;&#4873; &#4651;&#4657; &#4776;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4936; &#4637;&#4659;&#4620; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4848; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4664;&#4896; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653; &#4845;&#4776;&#4661;&#4653; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962;</strong> &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4611;&#4843; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4616;&#4720;&#4632;&#4829;&#4875;&#4706;&#4814;&#4733; &#4709;&#4731; &#4621;&#4841; &#4821;&#4725;&#4637; &#4768;&#4659;&#4720;&#4632; &#8212; &#4632;&#4726; &#4656;&#4707; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4633;&#4617; &#4677;&#4866;&#4814;&#4733;&#4963; &#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4704;&#4720;&#4616;&#4840; &#4773;&#4869; &#4720;&#4896;&#4653;&#4830; &#4704;&#4723;&#4811;&#4674; &#4640;&#4819;&#4618;&#4814;&#4733; &#4645;&#4821;&#4621; &#4720;&#4638;&#4621;&#4726;&#4962; &#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4677;&#4866; &#4720;&#4632;&#4829;&#4875;&#4706;&#4813; &#4776;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616;&#4813; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4773;&#4901;&#4941; &#4843;&#4661;&#4808;&#4899;&#4813; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4704;&#4634;&#4672;&#4901;&#4616;&#4813; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4666;&#4613; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4768;&#4909;&#4653; &#4821;&#4725;&#4637; &#4768;&#4808;&#4899;&#4964; &#4704;&#4899;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4664;&#4896;&#4733;&#4813; &#4843;&#4733; &#4755;&#4725;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4723;&#4811;&#4674; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962;</strong> &#4622;&#4813;&#4621; &#4726;&#4635;&#4661; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616; &#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779;&#4810; &#4875;&#4828;&#4896;&#4763; &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4704;&#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4757; &#4942;&#4726;&#4755; &#4938;&#4621;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4619;&#4672;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4725;&#4653;&#4770;&#4725; &#4776;&#4936;&#4720;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4659;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4618;&#4678;&#4845; &#4723;&#4661;&#4710; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4808;&#4653; &#4612;&#4848;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4896;&#4675;&#4619;&#4845; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4634;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4656;&#4813; &#4768;&#4840;&#4813;&#4962; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937; &#4872;&#4755; &#4659;&#4845;&#4723;&#4720;&#4637; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4829;&#4752;&#4763; &#4614;&#4758; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4757;&#4873;&#4641;&#4755; &#4704;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4722;&#4721; &#4938;&#4725; &#4773;&#4637;&#4706; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962;</strong> &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4774;&#4781;&#4726;&#4704;&#4653; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4870;&#4653;&#4869; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4896;&#4651;&#4813;&#4962; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4661;&#4616; &#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4654;&#4733; &#4616;&#4632;&#4752;&#4875;&#4872;&#4653; &#4632;&#4661;&#4622;&#4725; &#4612;&#4848;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4651;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4616;&#4669;&#4621;&#4635;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4873;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4672;&#4704;&#4621; &#4773;&#4637;&#4706; &#4768;&#4616; &#8212; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4613; &#4843;&#4616; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4720;&#4656;&#4637;&#4726; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936; &#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4896;&#4619;&#4721; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4843;&#4824;&#4637;&#4962;</strong> &#4840;&#4632;&#4850;&#4755; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837; &#4936;&#4797;&#4650; &#4947;&#4667; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4779;&#4704;&#4675; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4776;&#4872;&#4827; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4721; &#171;&#4773;&#4869;&#4613;&#4757; &#4661;&#4901;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4725;&#4821;&#4827;&#4829; &#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813;&#4962; &#4773;&#4637;&#4706; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4776;&#4645;&#4651;&#4813; &#4720;&#4707;&#4648;&#4648;&#4964; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4656;&#4896;&#4637;&#4962; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4632;&#4782;&#4757;&#4758;&#4729; &#4768;&#4656;&#4649;&#4725;&#4755; &#4768;&#4661;&#4648;&#4776;&#4705;&#4725;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4638;&#4720;&#4653; &#4709;&#4661;&#4781;&#4620;&#4725; &#4840;&#4651;&#4661; &#4673;&#4653;&#4962;</strong> &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4658;&#4808;&#4853;&#4677; &#4840;&#4843;&#4824;&#4813; &#4624;&#4778;&#4637; &#4610;&#4813; &#4780;&#4653;&#4757;&#4661; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616; &#4840;&#4752;&#4653;&#4717; &#4672;&#4854; &#4629;&#4781;&#4637;&#4755; &#4707;&#4616;&#4633;&#4843; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4840;&#4651;&#4661; &#4673;&#4653; &#4706;&#4758;&#4648;&#4813; &#4758;&#4654; &#4656;&#4813;&#4840;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845;&#4638;&#4725; &#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4813;&#4622; &#4704;&#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4704;&#4638;&#4720;&#4653; &#4709;&#4661;&#4781;&#4620;&#4725; &#4632;&#4621;&#4773;&#4781;&#4725; &#4768;&#4853;&#4651;&#4669; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4654;&#4733; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4653;&#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4651;&#4661; &#4873;&#4851;&#4725; &#4768;&#4896;&#4755;&#4755; &#4840;&#4651;&#4661; &#4673;&#4653; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4845;&#4609;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4632;&#4848;&#4637;&#4848;&#4634;&#4843; &#4768;&#4659;&#4720;&#4632;&#4962; &#4704;&#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4808;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813; &#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4651;&#4810; &#4614;&#4752;&#4964; &#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4877;&#4757; &#4616;&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4768;&#4669;&#4776;&#4653;&#4779;&#4650; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4733;&#4813; &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4776;&#4638;&#4720; &#4776;&#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2>&#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4901;&#4677;&#4662;&#4733;</h2><blockquote><p>&#171;&#4840;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683; 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&#4704;&#4865;&#4619;&#4845; &#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4611;&#4843; &#4840;&#4662;&#4653;&#4843; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4704;&#4720;&#4752;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li></ul><h3>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4925;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4664;&#4650;&#4941;</strong> &#8212; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4877; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4661;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4633; &#4776;&#4752;&#4706;&#4841; &#4632;&#4624;&#4632;&#4853; &#4824;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4792;&#4618;&#4939;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4619;&#4813; &#4633;&#4661;&#4618;&#4637; &#4632;&#4757;&#4936;&#4659;&#4810; &#4632;&#4650; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4840;&#4657;&#4621;&#4899;&#4753; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4877; &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4779;&#4755; &#4704;&#4632;&#4850;&#4755; &#4619;&#4845; &#4707;&#4616;&#4813; &#4673;&#4901;&#4901;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4920;&#4755;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4708;&#4849;&#4810;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4768;&#4648;&#4709;&#4763; &#171;&#4704;&#4848;&#4810;&#187; = &#4840;&#4704;&#4648;&#4611; &#4656;&#4813; &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4759;&#4759;&#4653; &#4661;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4840;&#4824;&#4653; &#4661;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4964; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725;&#4757; &#4704;&#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4813;&#4611; &#4873;&#4853;&#4883;&#4853;&#4755; &#4704;&#4877;&#4902;&#4669; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4673;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4635;&#4781;&#4635;&#4613;&#4757;&#8211;&#4609;&#4660;&#4757; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708;&#4814;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4675;&#4621; &#4778;&#4851;&#4757;&#4964; &#4840;&#4768;&#4648;&#4709; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4704;&#4656;&#4938;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4877;&#4941;&#4963; &#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4649; &#4877;&#4757; &#4614;&#4757; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4848;&#4704;&#4824;&#4824;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4659;&#4845;&#4781;&#4661;&#8211;&#4946;&#4782; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725;&#4964; &#4662;&#4653;&#4843;&#4755; &#4618;&#4707;&#4758;&#4661; &#4808;&#4848; &#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845;&#4963; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4808;&#4848; &#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4720;&#4925;&#4821;&#4758; &#4840;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616; &#4637;&#4661;&#4898;&#4651;&#4810; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4707;&#4621;&#4942;&#4653; &#4632;&#4877;&#4616;&#4907;</strong> &#8212; &#4666;&#4613; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765; &#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725;&#4964; &#4704;&#4941;&#4621;&#4661;&#4900;&#4637; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4616;&#4768;&#4845;&#4609;&#4853; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4709;&#4628;&#4651;&#4810; &#4632;&#4758;&#4650;&#4843; &#4661;&#4616; &#4632;&#4632;&#4645;&#4648;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4624;&#4869; &#4624;&#4850;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4848;&#4635;&#4661;&#4678; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4632;&#4850;&#4755; &#4666;&#4613; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4778;&#4622; &#4636;&#4725;&#4653; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4840;&#4634;&#4648;&#4829;&#4637; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#8212; &#4704;&#4633;&#4661;&#4618;&#4633; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4632;&#4811;&#4910; &#4840;&#4720;&#4640;&#4651; &#4840;&#4720;&#4659;&#4619;&#4634; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853;&#4755; &#4704;&#4720;&#4632;&#4659;&#4659;&#4845; &#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4877;&#4827;&#4725; &#4872;&#4632;&#4853;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4704;&#4656;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4673;&#4659;&#4673;&#4661; &#4619;&#4845;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4661;&#4621;&#4725;&#4966; &#4896;&#4619;&#4725;&#4757; &#4704;&#4651;&#4657; &#4664;&#4781;&#4637; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4635;&#4656;&#4653;&#4964; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#4845;&#4720;&#4779;&#4621;&#4963; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4672;&#4616; &#4624;&#4850;&#4853; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4651;&#4725; &#4845;&#4808;&#4661;&#4851;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4628;&#4812;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4666;&#4613; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4656;&#4635;&#4757;&#4843; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725;&#4964; &#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4704;&#4657;&#4851;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4704;&#4705; &#4840;&#4877;&#4709;&#4933; &#4902;&#4653; &#4656;&#4936;&#4654;&#4733;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4813;&#4899;&#4725; &#4840;&#4768;&#4924; &#4846;&#4624;&#4757;&#4661;&#4757; &#4773;&#4653;&#4851;&#4723; &#4896;&#4845;&#4675; &#4704;&#4637;&#4619;&#4665; &#4704;&#4637;&#4925;&#4811; &#4704;&#4777;&#4621; &#4752;&#4923; &#4632;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4938;&#4843; &#4811;&#4661;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4656;&#4896;&#4733;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#4661;&#4620;&#4727; &#4658;&#4672;&#4840;&#4653; &#4704;&#4829;&#4637;&#4723; &#4840;&#4720;&#4720;&#4808;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4813;&#4907;&#4620; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4672;&#4925; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4666;&#4613; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4656;&#4635;&#4757;&#4843; &#4824;&#4896;&#4765;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4635;&#4653;&#4763;&#4813; &#171;&#4725;&#4733;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#187;&#4963; &#4704;&#4899;&#4618;&#4843;&#4757;&#4763;&#4813; &#171;&#4768;&#4616;&#4707;&#4725;&#187; &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4675;&#4621; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4752;&#4923; &#4768;&#4872;&#4653;&#4755; &#4840;&#4901;&#4872;&#4763; &#4768;&#4872;&#4653; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725;&#4962; &#4637;&#4754;&#4621;&#4781; &#4704;&#4666;&#4613; &#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4824;&#4896;&#4755; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4656;&#4648;&#4824;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4873;&#4635;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4774;&#4654;&#4638; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616; &#4840;&#4848;&#4637; &#4779;&#4659;&#4755; &#4821;&#4653;&#4677; &#4610;&#4848;&#4725; &#8212; &#4669;&#4635;&#4877;&#4620;&#4814;&#4733; &#4872;&#4709;&#4720;&#4813; &#4840;&#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4656;&#4757;&#4656;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4673;&#4648;&#4901; &#4840;&#4720;&#4640;&#4651;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4740;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4662;&#4635;&#4620; &#4707;&#4629;&#4621; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936; &#4840;&#4669;&#4635;&#4877;&#4620;&#4814;&#4733; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#8212; &#4635;&#4757; &#4704;&#4635;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#4632;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4733;&#4621;&#4755; &#4779;&#4621;&#4720;&#4936;&#4920;&#4632; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4776;&#4941;&#4621; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4853;&#4638; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4845;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4773;&#4843;&#4808;&#4673; &#4632;&#4672;&#4896;&#4621;&#4962;</strong> &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4704;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4768;&#4635;&#4651;&#4909; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896; &#8212; &#4773;&#4843;&#4808;&#4672; &#4632;&#4672;&#4896;&#4621;&#4962; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4845;&#4613; &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4840;&#4776;&#4939; &#4752;&#4813; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907;&#4813; &#4704;&#4632;&#4901;&#4942;&#4755; &#4704;&#4707;&#4656; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962; &#4773;&#4755;&#4757;&#4720; &#4840;&#4725; &#4725;&#4678;&#4635;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4635;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637;?</strong> &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4704;&#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4661;&#4637; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4964; &#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4672;&#4848;&#4733;&#4616;&#4725;&#4637;&#4962; &#4939;&#4845;&#4659;&#4621;&#4637; &#4704;&#4878;&#4659;&#4814;&#4729; &#4661;&#4637; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;&#4964; &#4878;&#4659;&#4814;&#4729; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757; &#4704;&#4635;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#4632;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4733;&#4621; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677;&#4704;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4707; &#4675;&#4621; &#4637;&#4757; &#4811;&#4875; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4651;&#4661;&#4757; &#4632;&#4781;&#4656;&#4661;&#4962;</strong> &#4622;&#4648;&#4757;&#4661; &#4901;&#4939;&#4721;&#4757; &#4848;&#4709;&#4678; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4768;&#4873;&#4621;&#4726; &#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#8212; &#4877;&#4757; &#4781;&#4657;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4813;&#4963; &#4840;&#4678;&#4648;&#4896;&#4813;&#4755; &#4843;&#4659;&#4720;&#4632;&#4813; &#4773;&#4653;&#4657; &#4651;&#4657; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4651;&#4661;&#4757; &#4632;&#4781;&#4656;&#4661; &#4624;&#4672;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4781;&#4657;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4869; &#4840;&#4635;&#4853;&#4648;&#4877; &#4824;&#4852;? &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4618;&#4758;&#4649; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4617;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት - Lewis and Clark Journals]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4617;&#4810;&#4661;&#4755; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781;&#4961; &#4840;&#4873;&#4830; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667;&#4814;&#4733; &#171;&#4616;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648; &#4656;&#4813;&#4963; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725; &#4776;&#4843;&#4824; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4776;&#4651;&#4657; &#4875;&#4653; &#4773;&#4757;&#4852;&#4725; &#4845;&#4758;&#4651;&#4621;?&#187;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/lewis-and-clark-journals</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/lewis-and-clark-journals</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2026 21:07:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/209421579/6e725fc83eeb57af0024919c263b9a66.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#4620;&#4618;&#4725;&#4963; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4659; &#4661;&#4709; &#4667;&#4635; &#4709;&#4653;&#4611;&#4757;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4883;&#4837; &#4752;&#4939;&#4657;&#4757;&#4963; &#4813;&#4739;&#4813;&#4757;&#4963; &#4840;&#4723;&#4632;&#4632;&#4813;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813;&#4755; &#4872;&#4755; &#4704;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4843;&#4621;&#4872;&#4707;&#4757; &#4808;&#4941; &#4845;&#4632;&#4824;&#4877;&#4707;&#4621;&#4962; &#4840;&#4634;&#4925;&#4936;&#4813; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#8212; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4843; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4720;&#4936;&#4901;&#4654;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4672;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4843;&#4621;&#4964; &#4757;&#4877;&#4853;&#4757; &#4843;&#4656;&#4939;&#4621;&#4964; &#4840;&#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4763;&#4621; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4896;&#4755;&#4781;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4851;&#4753;&#4725; &#4629;&#4829;&#4710;&#4733; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4632;&#4652;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4897;&#4964; &#4704;&#4899;&#4637; &#4808;&#4659;&#4765; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733;&#4813; &#4660;&#4725; &#4704;&#4848;&#4632;&#4808;&#4829; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4721; &#4619;&#4845; &#4661;&#4639; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4962; &#4723;&#4850;&#4843; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#171;&#4720;&#4872;&#4760;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813; &#4632;&#4732; &#4752;&#4813;? &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4853;&#4757; &#4840;&#4725;&#4813;&#4661;&#4723; &#4659;&#4901;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4616;&#4634;&#4632;&#4899; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZnOu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff85e63b3-736e-4e43-a435-e8666515a6ee_993x1500.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZnOu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff85e63b3-736e-4e43-a435-e8666515a6ee_993x1500.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZnOu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff85e63b3-736e-4e43-a435-e8666515a6ee_993x1500.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 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21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 1 &#8212; &#4704;&#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4827; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; (&#4659;&#4707;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4755; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4873;&#4830; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667;&#4814;&#4729; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4659;&#4843;&#4813;&#4673; &#4704;&#4840;&#4672;&#4753; &#4840;&#4720;&#4923;&#4937; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4872;&#4925; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4813; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4843;&#4752;&#4709;&#4704;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4659;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4720;&#4923;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>1803 &#8212; &#4840;&#4617;&#4810;&#4826;&#4843;&#4755; &#4877;&#4834;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779; &#4776;&#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845; 828,000 &#4661;&#4777;&#4812;&#4653; &#4635;&#4845;&#4621; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4704;15 &#4634;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4854;&#4619;&#4653; &#4872;&#4827;&#4733;&#4964; &#4840;&#4608;&#4872;&#4650;&#4721; &#4661;&#4939;&#4725; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4938;&#4653;&#4635; &#4704;&#4773;&#4901;&#4941; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4768;&#4848;&#4872;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4872;&#4834;&#4813;&#4637; &#4667;&#4905;&#4637; &#4768;&#4619;&#4841;&#4725;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4637;&#4853;&#4649; &#4840;&#4758;&#4649;&#4725; &#4635;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4963; &#4610;&#4851;&#4659;&#4963; &#4670;&#4670;&#4756;&#4963; &#4756;&#4829; &#4944;&#4653;&#4661;&#4963; &#4709;&#4619;&#4781;&#4938;&#4725;&#4963; &#4658;&#4841;&#4755; &#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4629;&#4829;&#4710;&#4733; &#4808;&#4757;&#4830;&#4729;&#4757;&#4755; &#4632;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4938;&#4843;&#4814;&#4729;&#4757; &#4843;&#4813;&#4673; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4669;&#4843;&#4905; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4896;&#4840;&#4673;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4873;&#4621;&#4725; &#4725;&#4845;&#4841;</strong> &#8212; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4648;&#4877;&#4902;&#4725; &#4840;&#4635;&#4843;&#4813;&#4672;&#4813;&#4757; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4619;&#4841; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4649;&#4725;&#4757; &#4872;&#4704;&#4652;&#4814;&#4733; &#4704;&#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4616;&#4656;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4616;&#4872;&#4851;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4656;&#4901; &#4609;&#4617;&#4963; &#4704;&#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4843;&#4824; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4773;&#4877;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4872;&#4896; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4726;&#4635;&#4661; &#4864;&#4936;&#4653;&#4656;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4949;&#4652;&#4826;&#4851;&#4757;&#4725;&#4964; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4776;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4776;&#4763; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4841;&#4725;&#4757; &#4632;&#4653;&#4613;&#4963; &#4840;&#4638;&#4651;&#4621; &#4782;&#4637;&#4947;&#4661;&#4963; &#4651;&#4821;&#4845;&#4755; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4632;&#4941;&#4896;&#4653; &#4733;&#4622;&#4723; &#4840;&#4843;&#4824; &#4632;&#4650; &#4720;&#4848;&#4653;&#4878; &#4672;&#4648;&#4704;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4720;&#4621;&#4821;&#4782;&#4963; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4704;&#4864;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4864;&#4936;&#4653;&#4656;&#4757; &#4616;&#4637;&#4781;&#4653; &#4708;&#4721; &#4704;&#4637;&#4645;&#4898;&#4653; 2,500 &#4854;&#4619;&#4653; &#4896;&#4845;&#4678; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635;&#4813;&#4757; &#171;&#4840;&#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779;&#4757; &#4840;&#4813;&#4909; &#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4635;&#4661;&#4939;&#4939;&#4725;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4656;&#4840;&#4632;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4939;&#4649;&#4757; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;29 &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4636;&#4650;&#4812;&#4824;&#4653; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4776;&#4632;&#4883;&#4825; &#4704;&#4938;&#4725; &#4840;&#4782;&#4776;&#4709; &#4621;&#4780;&#4725;&#4963; &#4629;&#4781;&#4637;&#4755;&#4963; &#4626;&#4659;&#4709;&#4963; &#4840;&#4707;&#4629;&#4653; &#4873;&#4830; &#4661;&#4620;&#4725;&#4963; &#4840;&#4768;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4677;&#4650;&#4720; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621; &#4901;&#4755;&#4725; &#4773;&#4755; &#4840;&#4821;&#4933;&#4811;&#4725; &#4821;&#4813;&#4672;&#4725; &#4720;&#4635;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4853;&#4941;&#4648;&#4725; &#4776;&#4821;&#4813;&#4672;&#4725; &#4875;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4840;&#4864;&#4709;&#4849; &#4725;&#4648;&#4779; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4661; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4864;&#4936;&#4653;&#4656;&#4757; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661;&#4757; &#4776;&#4853;&#4941;&#4648;&#4721; &#4875;&#4653; &#4645;&#4621;&#4896;&#4755; &#4768;&#4661;&#4845;&#4830; &#4661;&#4616;&#4619;&#4776;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4874;&#4669; &#4819;&#4707;&#4845; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;</strong> &#8212; &#4948;&#4853;&#4654; &#4947;&#4772;&#4829; &#4704;1618 &#4840;&#4819;&#4707;&#4845;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909; &#4925;&#4942; &#4776;150 &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4868;&#4637;&#4661; &#4709;&#4649;&#4661; &#171;&#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4768;&#4813;&#4654;&#4947;&#4810; &#4773;&#4756; &#4752;&#4765;&#187; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4840;&#4874;&#4669; &#4819;&#4707;&#4845; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4877;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757;&#4905;&#4757; &#4776;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725; &#4843;&#4813;&#4673;&#4723;&#4621; &#8212; &#171;&#4877;&#4765;&#4725;&#187; &#4704;&#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4704;&#4637;&#4757;&#4905; &#4768;&#4845;&#4936;&#4896;&#4653;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4621;&#4963; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4853;&#4651;&#4621;&#4963; &#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4706;&#4755; &#4723;&#4875;&#4669; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4776;&#4632;&#4612;&#4853; &#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4635;&#4639;&#4843; &#4656;&#4813; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4779;&#4946;&#4724;&#4758;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653; &#4634;&#4754;&#4661;&#4725;&#4649; &#4616;&#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4840;&#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4616;&#4675; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4877; &#4709;&#4731; &#4706;&#4656;&#4901;&#4637; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721;&#4757; &#4616;&#4720;&#4883;&#4838;&#4729; &#4848;&#4704;&#4672;&#4964; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4773;&#4777;&#4621; &#171;&#4779;&#4946;&#4724;&#4757;&#187; &#4720;&#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4720;&#4896;&#4649;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4813;&#4664;&#4725; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725;?</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4776;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4873;&#4757; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#171;&#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4704;&#4725;&#4757; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635; &#4768;&#4639;&#4621;&#4727;&#4621;&#187; &#4709;&#4622; &#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4814;&#4733;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4658;&#4925;&#4941; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4872;&#4616;&#4704;&#4896;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4840;&#4648;&#4659;&#4813;&#4757; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4638;&#4619;&#4964; &#4840;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667; &#4725;&#4829;&#4723; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4843;&#4872;&#4755;&#4824;&#4705;&#4725; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 2 &#8212; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649;&#4757; &#4840;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4813; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; (&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4848; &#4707;&#4854; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4872;&#4705;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4872;&#4705;&#4725; &#4872;&#4704;&#4843;&#4963; &#4813;&#4621;&#4755; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4808;&#4851;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4901;&#4757;&#4723;&#4810; &#4840;&#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4632;&#4648;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4634;&#4825;&#4650; &#4840;&#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4810;&#4963; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4618;&#4827;&#4810;&#4755; &#4779;&#4755;&#4851;&#4810; &#4777;&#4707;&#4757;&#4843;&#4814;&#4733; &#4840;&#4706;&#4712;&#4653; &#4928;&#4873;&#4653; &#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4619;&#4845; &#4845;&#4808;&#4851;&#4848;&#4649; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813;&#4637; &#4808;&#4757;&#4830;&#4733;&#4757;&#4963; &#4632;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4938;&#4843;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757;&#4755; &#4840;&#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4877;&#4757;&#4761;&#4752;&#4726;&#4733;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4808;&#4677; &#4720;&#4619;&#4776;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4840;&#4757;&#4877;&#4853;&#4755; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4864;&#4936;&#4653;&#4656;&#4757; &#4768;&#4936;&#4653;&#4757;&#4963; &#4635;&#4821;&#4853;&#4757;&#4757;&#4963; &#4768;&#4840;&#4653;&#4757;&#4963; &#4840;&#4629;&#4829;&#4710;&#4733;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637;&#4963; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653;&#4963; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683;&#4963; &#4621;&#4635;&#4853;&#4755; &#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4632;&#4824;&#4877;&#4705; &#4768;&#4824;&#4824; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4883;&#4837; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4678;&#4896;&#4651;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4707;&#4706;&#4814;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4632;&#4651;&#4635;&#4650;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4901;&#4654; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709; &#4843;&#4752;&#4709;&#4707;&#4621;&#4964; 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&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653; &#4843;&#4825;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4706;&#4638;&#4725; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4813;&#4739; &#4706;&#4808;&#4661;&#4848;&#4813; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4720;&#4653;&#4941;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4704;&#4619;&#4664;&#4813; &#4938;&#4848;&#4621; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#4704;&#4709;&#4825; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4632;&#4923;&#4937; &#4675;&#4617; &#4704;&#4720;&#4653;&#4883;&#4634; &#4656;&#4757;&#4656;&#4616;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4709;&#4825; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683; &#4768;&#4621;&#4942; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813; &#4843;&#4659;&#4843;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4651;&#4657; &#4720;&#4621;&#4821;&#4782;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4726;&#4729; &#4704;&#4824;&#4845;&#4725; &#4704;&#4720;&#4616;&#4704;&#4896; &#4904;&#4653;&#4677; &#4720;&#4896;&#4677;&#4621;&#4616;&#4813; &#4704;&#4709;&#4648;&#4725; &#4659;&#4901;&#4757; &#4845;&#4883;&#4825; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4864;&#4621;&#4707; &#4661;&#4725;&#4824;&#4752;&#4704;&#4621; &#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4704;&#4720;&#4753;&#4725;&#4757; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4726;&#4733;&#4755; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;&#4814;&#4733; &#4776;&#4813;&#4739; &#4768;&#4851;&#4752;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4669;&#4873;&#4901; &#4673;&#4661;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4610;&#4851;&#4659;&#4963; &#4709;&#4619;&#4781;&#4938;&#4725;&#4755; &#4768;&#4658;&#4754;&#4710;&#4845;&#4757; &#4776;&#4779;&#4755;&#4851; &#4752;&#4875;&#4852;&#4814;&#4733; &#4669;&#4873;&#4901; &#4768;&#4877;&#4765;&#4720;&#4813; &#4659;&#4616; &#4670;&#4670;&#4756; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721; 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&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4776;&#4672;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4672;&#4757; (&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4704;&#4673;&#4901;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4776;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4808;&#4653;&#4963; 8,000 &#4635;&#4845;&#4621; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635;&#4964; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4704;&#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4725; &#4808;&#4659;&#4765; &#4635;&#4648;&#4938;&#4843;&#4814;&#4733; &#4720;&#4776;&#4720;&#4616;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763;&#4813; &#4635;&#4648;&#4938;&#4843;&#4966; &#4877;&#4757;&#4710;&#4725; 1804 &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4752;&#4667;&#4813; &#4672;&#4757;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4757;&#4825;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4619;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4779;&#4637;&#4949; &#4849;&#4710;&#4845;&#4661; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4720;&#4813; &#4776;&#4634;&#4825;&#4650; &#4941;&#4656;&#4725; &#4720;&#4675;&#4651;&#4754; &#4672;&#4824;&#4937;&#4963; 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&#4616;&#4632;&#4612;&#4853; &#4658;&#4638;&#4781;&#4653; &#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843; &#4632;&#4621;&#4773;&#4781;&#4721;&#4757; &#4656;&#4637;&#4723; &#4616;&#4707;&#4623; &#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4733;&#4964; &#4616;&#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4824;&#4877;&#4845;&#4726; &#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4963; &#4779;&#4636;&#4768;&#4811;&#4845;&#4725;&#4637; &#4624;&#4659;&#4705;&#4757; &#4616;&#4813;&#4902; 29 &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4936;&#4648;&#4662;&#4733;&#4755; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4632;&#4650; &#4656;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4733;?</strong> &#8212; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4727;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;&#4964; &#4661;&#4636;&#4727;&#4757;&#4755; &#4704;&#4824;&#4632;&#4854;&#4735;&#4963; &#4704;&#4705;&#4853;&#4753;&#4755; &#4704;&#4621;&#4871; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4733;&#4813;&#4757; &#4813;&#4661;&#4899;&#4810; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4768;&#4621;&#4923;&#4936;&#4637;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4661;&#4637;&#4757;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4635;&#4648;&#4938;&#4843;&#4966; &#4632;&#4661;&#4776;&#4648;&#4637; &#8212; &#4704;&#4704;&#4648;&#4854; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4672;&#4757; &#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4648;&#4854;&#4963; &#4720;&#4851;&#4939;&#4725;&#4755; &#4648;&#4611;&#4709; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4651;&#4824;&#4633;&#4964; &#4661;&#4757;&#4675;&#4728;&#4813; &#4658;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677; &#4877;&#4621;&#4872;&#4621; &#4936;&#4648;&#4662;&#4733;&#4757;&#4963; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4672; &#4670;&#4653;&#4707; &#4849;&#4676;&#4725;&#4757;&#4755; &#4840;&#4667;&#4635; &#4661;&#4709;&#4757; &#4704;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4658;&#4651;&#4709; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4843;&#4901;&#4651;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#171;&#4720;&#4883;&#4838;&#4729; &#4848;&#4781;&#4632;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4848;&#4781;&#4636;&#4843;&#4616;&#4609;&#4964; &#4840;&#4637;&#4704;&#4619;&#4813; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#187; &#4704;&#4634;&#4617; &#4768;&#4907;&#4909;&#4653; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725; &#4840;&#4768;&#4779;&#4621;&#4757; &#4632;&#4813;&#4848;&#4677; &#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4754;&#4634;&#4945; &#4768;&#4851;&#4759;&#4728;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4651;&#4705;&#4725;&#4757; &#4720;&#4883;&#4838;&#4733; &#4704;&#4848;&#4648;&#4672; &#4819;&#4643;&#4755; &#4704;&#4779;&#4635;&#4661; &#4645;&#4653; &#4632;&#4872;&#4705;&#4964; &#4704;&#4754;&#4634;&#4945; &#4840;&#4675;&#4621; &#4725;&#4813;&#4938;&#4725; &#4811;&#4725;&#4777;&#4812;&#4845;&#4661; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4733; &#4660;&#4725; &#171;&#4768;&#4725;&#4757;&#4777;&#4768;&#4728;&#4813;&#187; &#4709;&#4619; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4851;&#4752;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813; &#4845;&#4752;&#4872;&#4651;&#4621; &#8212; &#4661;&#4639; &#4704;&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4941; &#4720;&#4648;&#4936;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4813;&#4739;&#4813; &#4904;&#4813; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757;&#4755; &#4632;&#4632;&#4616;&#4667;&#4813;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#171;&#4813;&#4677;&#4843;&#4758;&#4661; &#4845;&#4723;&#4843;&#4621;&#4964; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4848;&#4661;&#4723;&#187;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4843;&#4840;&#4813; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4782;&#4622;&#4637;&#4706;&#4843; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829; &#4768;&#4941; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653; 20 &#4635;&#4845;&#4621; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4845;&#4672;&#4653; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4840;&#4848;&#4776;&#4632;&#4813;&#4757; &#4819;&#4845;&#4757; &#4661;&#4613;&#4720;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4656;&#4653;&#4829; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843;&#4755; &#4846;&#4653;&#4781; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4656;&#4897;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4648;&#4637;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4843;&#4659;&#4621;&#4937; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4843;&#4840;&#4725; &#4658;&#4656;&#4704;&#4656;&#4709; &#4840;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648;&#4776;&#4733;&#4813; &#4660;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4707;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4648;&#4813; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4720;&#4896;&#4845;&#4678; &#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4964; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4779;&#4946;&#4724;&#4758;&#4729; &#4773;&#4869; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4942;&#4653;&#4725; &#4781;&#4619;&#4725;&#4662;&#4949;</strong> &#8212; &#4829;&#4755;&#4709;&#4963; &#4673;&#4757;&#4907;&#4755; &#4669;&#4941;&#4723; &#4707;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4781;&#4648;&#4637;&#4725; &#4904;&#4813; &#4640;&#4649;&#4963; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4768;&#4896;&#4755;&#4672;&#4673;&#4963; &#4840;&#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4661; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667;&#4814;&#4729;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4755;&#4824;&#4705;&#4964; &#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843;&#4637; &#4723;&#4619;&#4673;&#4757; &#4813;&#4739;&#4755; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720;&#4813;&#4757; &#4819;&#4643; &#4752;&#4707;&#4650; &#4616;&#4635;&#4840;&#4725; &#4896;&#4845;&#4675; &#4612;&#4848;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4709;&#4619;&#4781;&#4938;&#4725; &#4848;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4632;&#4616;&#4667;&#4813; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#4709;&#4619;&#4781;&#4938;&#4725; &#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4617;&#4964; &#4661;&#4635;&#4728;&#4813; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4637;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616; &#4620;&#4618;&#4721;&#4637; &#4840;&#4637;&#4755;&#4813;&#4672;&#4813; &#4776;&#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4781;&#4661;&#4720;&#4721; &#4616;&#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4840;&#4896;&#4619;&#4725;&#4752;&#4725; &#4824;&#4653; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4704;&#4720;&#4883;&#4833; &#4901;&#4845;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4883;&#4837; &#4768;&#4875;&#4824;&#4757; &#4632;&#4661;&#4622;&#4725; &#4909;&#4753;&#4757; &#4632;&#4723;&#4813;&#4964; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4616;&#4659;&#4637;&#4757;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4864;&#4621;&#4707; &#4619;&#4845; &#4704;&#4614;&#4849; &#4720;&#4765;&#4726; &#4720;&#4883;&#4824;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4848;&#4808;&#4622;&#4729; &#4672;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4661;&#4776;&#4648;&#4637; 1806 &#4840;&#4660;&#4757;&#4725; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4848;&#4808;&#4622;&#4733; &#4910;&#4793;&#4964; &#4638;&#4720;&#4811;&#4621; &#4720;&#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4723;&#4656;&#4705;&#4725; &#4720;&#4883;&#4838;&#4733; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723;&#4963; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653;&#4963; &#4776;170 &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4781;&#4622;&#4733;&#4755; &#4776;120 &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4659;&#4725; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709; &#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4657;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4651;&#4661;&#4757; &#4632;&#4731;&#4621; &#4704;&#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4848;&#4877;&#4752;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4936;&#4648;&#4661; &#4840;&#4656;&#4897;&#4725; &#4670;&#4670;&#4756;&#4963; &#4704;&#4720;&#4651;&#4654;&#4729; &#4843;&#4851;&#4753;&#4725; &#4754;&#4634;&#4945;&#4963; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4843;&#4659;&#4841;&#4725; &#4840;&#4768;&#4779;&#4707;&#4706;&#4813; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4840;&#4864;&#4877;&#4757;&#4752;&#4721; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4704;&#4840;&#4808;&#4659;&#4761; &#4672;&#4757; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4813; &#4821;&#4653;&#4851;&#4723; &#4619;&#4845; &#4678;&#4639;&#4621;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4661;&#4639;&#4757; &#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4621;&#4964; &#4848;&#4632;&#4808;&#4825; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4725;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843; &#4776;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4808;&#4659;&#4765; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4768;&#4757;&#4855; &#4709;&#4725;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813;&#4755; 500 &#4854;&#4619;&#4653; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4609;&#4637; &#4840;&#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616;&#4813; &#4707;&#4623; &#4667;&#4653;&#4710;&#4758; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4704;&#4813;&#4617; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4773;&#4663; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4636;&#4768;&#4811;&#4845;&#4725; &#4704;&#4827;&#4652;&#4755; &#4704;&#4752;&#4872; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4936;&#4648;&#4662;&#4729;&#4757; &#4845;&#4830; &#4827;&#4652; &#4629;&#4829;&#4705;&#4757; &#4632;&#4632;&#4872;&#4709; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4656;&#4901;&#4726; &#4808;&#4848;&#4938;&#4725; &#4757;&#4877;&#4853;&#4755; &#4669;&#4873;&#4901; &#4635;&#4877;&#4760;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4840;&#4768;&#4616;&#4675; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4877;&#4757; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813;&#4757; &#4845;&#4704;&#4619;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616; &#4811;&#4875;</strong> &#8212; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4840;&#4634;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813; &#4669;&#4873;&#4901; &#4659;&#4845;&#4758;&#4648;&#4813; &#4636;&#4851;&#4618;&#4843;&#4963; &#4725;&#4757;&#4707;&#4614;&#4963; &#4672;&#4845; &#4672;&#4616;&#4637;&#4755; &#4840;&#4808;&#4848;&#4938;&#4725; &#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4675;&#4621; &#4768;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#171;&#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4720;&#4632;&#4619;&#4669; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813;&#187; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907;&#4963; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907;</strong> &#8212; &#4779;&#4636;&#4768;&#4811;&#4845;&#4725; &#4936;&#4648;&#4662;&#4729;&#4757; &#4619;&#4616;&#4632;&#4661;&#4896;&#4725; &#4618;&#4808;&#4661;&#4757; &#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4706;&#4843;&#4899; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4829;&#4757;&#4704;&#4725;&#4963; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4706;&#4843;&#4899; &#4840;&#4634;&#4638;&#4725;&#4704;&#4725; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4658;&#4758;&#4653; &#4853;&#4653;&#4853;&#4649; &#4773;&#4777;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843; &#4621;&#4871;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4733;?</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4705;&#4853;&#4753; &#4779;&#4621;&#4672;&#4896;&#4616; &#4621;&#4871;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4635;&#4845;&#4720;&#4653;&#4941; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723; &#4632;&#4648;&#4867;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4936;&#4733; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4877;&#4757; &#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4727;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4727;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4923;&#4936;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4872;&#4760;&#4727; &#4651;&#4657; &#4632;&#4621;&#4773;&#4781;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4621;&#4869; &#4840;&#4843;&#4824;&#4733; &#4660;&#4725; &#4776;&#4705;&#4853;&#4753; &#4875;&#4653; &#4632;&#4758;&#4655; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653; &#4705;&#4853;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4621;&#4614;&#4753; &#4843;&#4659;&#4845; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#171;&#4632;&#4872;&#4760;&#4727; &#4896;&#4675;&#4634; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#187; &#4661;&#4757;&#4621; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4632; &#4632;&#4896;&#4840;&#4677; &#4768;&#4616;&#4709;&#4757; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4779;&#4946;&#4724;&#4758;&#4733; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4899;&#4617;&#4637;?</strong> &#8212; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4720;&#4632;&#4651;&#4635;&#4650;&#4755; &#4877;&#4621;&#4941;&#4720;&#4763;&#4963; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4723;&#4875;&#4669; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4851;&#4650;&#4755; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4640;&#4650; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4635;&#4639;&#4843;&#4752;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813;&#4755; &#4632;&#4776;&#4707;&#4704;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4851;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4632;&#4616;&#4779;&#4776;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4752;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813; &#4704;&#4704;&#4648;&#4854; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4768;&#4851;&#4752;&#4964; &#4704;&#4819;&#4619;&#4635;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4675;&#4813;&#4638; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4758;&#4649; &#4877;&#4757; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4661;&#4616; &#4637;&#4853;&#4649; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4773;&#4845;&#4723; &#4709;&#4731; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4845;&#4829; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4869; &#4872;&#4707;?</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4632;&#4651;&#4635;&#4650; &#4840;&#4720;&#4781;&#4621;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637;&#4755; &#4840;&#4853;&#4654;&#4813;&#4757; &#4645;&#4752; &#4637;&#4613;&#4851;&#4653; &#4843;&#4752;&#4709;&#4707;&#4621;&#4964; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4632;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4938;&#4843;&#4757;&#4963; &#4840;&#4720;&#4811;&#4874;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653;&#4755; &#4840;&#4629;&#4829;&#4710;&#4733;&#4757; &#4877;&#4909;&#4725; &#4843;&#4752;&#4709;&#4707;&#4621; &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4872;&#4616;&#4877;&#4619;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4828;&#4755;&#4609; &#4616;&#4875;&#4619; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4707; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653;&#4845; &#4704;&#4720;&#4675;&#4651;&#4754;&#4813; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4614;&#4758; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4661;&#4616; &#4774;&#4654;&#4638; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4656;&#4938; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909; &#4614;&#4752;&#4964; &#4637;&#4757;&#4905;&#4757; &#4632;&#4899;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4731;&#4621;&#4637;&#4963; &#4768;&#4853;&#4621;&#4814;&#4813;&#4757;&#4637; &#4632;&#4653;&#4659;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4731;&#4621;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4656;&#4637;&#4755; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677;</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4633; &#4840;&#4768;&#4840;&#4653; &#4609;&#4756;&#4723;&#4755; &#4840;&#4720;&#4781;&#4621; &#4661;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4808;&#4653;&#4673; &#4840;&#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4763;&#4621; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4901;&#4942; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909; &#4779;&#4616;&#4632;&#4758;&#4653; &#4845;&#4667;&#4619;&#4621;?</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4707;&#4845;&#4758;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4849;&#4725; &#4629;&#4829;&#4710;&#4733; &#4661;&#4616; &#4677;&#4853;&#4632; &#4768;&#4843;&#4726;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4752;&#4709;&#4705;&#4725; &#4845;&#4896;&#4939; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4827;&#4652; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4710;&#4729; &#4925;&#4625;&#4937;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757;&#4704;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813; &#171;&#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4813;&#4757; &#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4632;&#4813;&#4656;&#4853;&#187; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4616;&#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4814;&#4729; &#4637;&#4661;&#4875;&#4755; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4617;&#4810;&#4661;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4678;&#4757;&#4870; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4768;&#4755;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4616;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4621;&#4821;&#4782; &#4720;&#4936;&#4901;&#4654; &#4720;&#4621;&#4821;&#4782;&#4813; &#4658;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#187; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4757;&#4707;&#4709; &#4843;&#4637;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4629;&#4632;&#4637;&#4963; &#4821;&#4851;&#4963; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4616;&#4776;&#4617; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4726;&#4733;&#4963; &#4660;&#4651;&#4963; &#4632;&#4896;&#4901;&#4755; &#4843;&#4621;&#4723;&#4720;&#4633; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4654;&#4733; &#4877;&#4757; &#4709;&#4825; &#4720;&#4651; &#4907;&#4755;&#4814;&#4733; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4720;&#4848;&#4651;&#4648;&#4705; &#4843;&#4659;&#4843;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4709;&#4825; &#4872;&#4632;&#4854;&#4733;?</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4873;&#4830;&#4963; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4848;&#4653;&#4755; &#4621;&#4869; &#4635;&#4659;&#4848;&#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4776;&#4723;&#4723;&#4845; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635;&#4814;&#4733; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#171;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635; &#4709;&#4731;&#187; &#4840;&#4704;&#4669;&#4723;&#4813; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4616; &#4808;&#4757;&#4830;&#4729; &#4923;&#4936;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4829;&#4637; &#4768;&#4616;</strong> &#8212; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4704;35 &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4658;&#4638;&#4725; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4654;&#4729; &#4872;&#4755; &#4768;&#4621;&#4723;&#4720;&#4633;&#4637; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4721; &#4840;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4637; &#4872;&#4925; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637; &#8212; &#4843; &#4829;&#4637;&#4723; &#4651;&#4657; &#4840;&#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</strong></h3><ol><li><p>&#4840;&#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4813;&#4667; &#4661;&#4637; &#4616;70 &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; <strong>&#171;&#4661;&#4779;&#4752;&#4757;&#187;</strong> &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4704;&#4661;&#4613;&#4720;&#4725; &#4720;&#4752;&#4704;&#4704;&#4964; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4704;&#4813;&#4667;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4656;&#4840;&#4632;&#4813; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829; &#4658;&#4872;&#4765; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4616;&#4763;&#4813; &#4661;&#4637; <strong>&#4658;&#4635;&#4757;</strong> &#4632;&#4614;&#4753; &#4720;&#4648;&#4875;&#4872;&#4896;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4654;&#4729; &#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4616;&#4632;&#4723;&#4720;&#4637; 100 &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4936;&#4865;&#4964; &#4840;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4720;&#4883;&#4837; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653; &#4704;&#4883;&#4851;&#4963; &#4840;&#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4840;&#4632;&#4661;&#4781; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667;&#4814;&#4733; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4776;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; 150 &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4704;&#4708;&#4725; &#4896;&#4648;&#4916;&#4827; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4872;&#4761;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4873;&#4830; &#4725;&#4648;&#4779; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4840;&#4938;&#4619;&#4848;&#4621;&#4938;&#4843;&#4813; &#4896;&#4704;&#4675; <strong>&#4754;&#4782;&#4619;&#4661; &#4706;&#4853;&#4621;</strong> &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4608;&#4872;&#4650;&#4721; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4707;&#4757;&#4781; &#4739;&#4619;&#4938; &#4614;&#4758; &#4776;&#4949;&#4652;&#4826;&#4851;&#4757;&#4721; &#4875;&#4653; &#4840;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4872;&#4896;&#4632;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4619;&#4777;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4840;&#4636;&#4851; &#4773;&#4757;&#4661;&#4659;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4941; &#4808;&#4848; &#4949;&#4652;&#4826;&#4851;&#4757;&#4721; &#4708;&#4725; &#4848;&#4653;&#4656;&#4813; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4808;&#4848; &#4720;&#4936;&#4901;&#4654; &#4633;&#4826;&#4840;&#4637; &#4720;&#4619;&#4777;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4776;&#4705;&#4853;&#4753; &#4875;&#4653; &#4808;&#4848; &#4637;&#4645;&#4651;&#4677; &#4840;&#4720;&#4883;&#4824;&#4813; &#4840;&#4635;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4675; &#4808;&#4848; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4649; &#4616;&#4632;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4896;&#4704;&#4672;&#4964; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4768;&#4867;&#4706; &#4705;&#4853;&#4757; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4776;&#4720;&#4707;&#4648;&#4648; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4840;&#4723;&#4896;&#4672; &#4705;&#4853;&#4757; &#4720;&#4632;&#4853;&#4710;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4708;&#4721; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843; &#4704;&#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779; &#4840;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4854;&#4619;&#4653; &#4659;&#4757;&#4722;&#4637; &#4619;&#4845; &#4725;&#4872;&#4763;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4704;&#4824;&#4632;&#4759; &#4840;&#4720;&#4659;&#4616; &#4645;&#4821;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4632;&#4621;&#4787;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4621;&#4925; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4661;&#4616;&#4620;&#4616; &#4704;&#4659;&#4757;&#4722;&#4633; &#4619;&#4845; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4938;&#4725; &#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4733;&#4757; &#4620;&#4619; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#4660;&#4725; &#4938;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4661;&#4639;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4632;&#4897;&#4963; &#4781;&#4941;&#4843;&#4811;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4776;&#4936;&#4617;&#4637;&#4963; &#4938;&#4727;&#4757;&#4637; &#4651;&#4659;&#4728;&#4813; &#4640;&#4649;&#4962;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4901;&#4677;&#4662;&#4733;</strong></h2><blockquote><p>&#171;&#4872;&#4834;&#4813;&#4637; &#4614;&#4752; &#4667;&#4905; &#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4768;&#4845;&#4720;&#4813;&#4725; &#4768;&#4843;&#4813;&#4673;&#4637;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; <em>&#4659;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4925;&#4936;&#4813; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667; &#4725;&#4829;&#4723; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813; &#4768;&#4872;&#4755;&#4829;&#4710; &#4840;&#4634;&#4925;&#4936;&#4813; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667; &#4877;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; <em>&#4659;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4840;&#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; <em>&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4776;&#4637;&#4877;&#4709; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4845;&#4896;&#4704;&#4677; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4721;&#4637; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4651;&#4657; &#4720;&#4621;&#4821;&#4782;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; <em>&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4658;&#4651;&#4709; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4649;&#4637; &#4843;&#4901;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; <em>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4661;&#4616; &#4651;&#4661;&#4757; &#4632;&#4731;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4813; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4704;&#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4849; &#4808;&#4659;&#4765; &#4672;&#4757; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619; &#4656;&#4813; &#4848;&#4877;&#4752;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4757;&#4896;&#4621;&#4901;&#4623;&#4621;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; <em>&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4661;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#171;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4773;&#4870;&#4733; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4648;&#4921;&#4725; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#187; &#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4661;&#4638;&#4733;&#4755; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;</strong></h2><h3><strong>&#4656;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4636;&#4650;&#4812;&#4824;&#4653; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4768;&#4709;&#4654; &#4632;&#4650;&#4963; &#4720;&#4936;&#4901;&#4654; &#4720;&#4632;&#4651;&#4635;&#4650;&#4755; &#4811;&#4755; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938; &#8212; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4872;&#4837; &#4614;&#4758; &#4720;&#4670;&#4632;&#4963; &#4704;35 &#4819;&#4632;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4768;&#4776;&#4651;&#4779;&#4650; &#4609;&#4756;&#4723; &#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4810;&#4618;&#4843;&#4637; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4709;&#4654; &#4632;&#4650;&#4963; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4640;&#4650;&#4755; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4851;&#4650; &#8212; &#4704;&#4845;&#4939; &#4840;&#4632;&#4726; &#4768;&#4616;&#4675; &#4706;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637; &#4704;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4773;&#4777;&#4621; &#4779;&#4946;&#4724;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4963; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619;&#4637; &#4872;&#4837; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4726;&#4635;&#4661; &#4864;&#4936;&#4653;&#4656;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4949;&#4652;&#4826;&#4851;&#4757;&#4725; &#8212; &#4840;&#4617;&#4810;&#4826;&#4843;&#4755;&#4757; &#4877;&#4834;&#4755; &#4840;&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4709; &#4720;&#4621;&#4821;&#4782; &#4843;&#4776;&#4755;&#4808;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4621;&#4869;&#4752;&#4727; &#4840;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648;&#4776;&#4733; &#4840;&#4670;&#4670;&#4756; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725;&#4964; &#4720;&#4653;&#4883;&#4634;&#4963; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4616;&#4763;&#4963; &#4840;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4840;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4726;&#4729; &#4768;&#4851;&#4765; &#8212; &#4704;&#4813;&#4617; &#4661;&#4639; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4755; &#4781;&#4941;&#4843; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4667;&#4653;&#4710;&#4758;</strong> &#8212; &#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4810; &#4720;&#4808;&#4619;&#4869; &#4752;&#4875;&#4852;&#4963; &#4840;&#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843; &#4707;&#4621;&#4755; &#4704;&#4845;&#4939; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4896;&#4648; &#4720;&#4653;&#4883;&#4634; &#8212; &#4781;&#4941;&#4843;&#4755; &#4840;&#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4808;&#4648;&#4672;&#4725; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4835;&#4757; &#4707;&#4722;&#4661;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843;&#4755; &#4840;&#4667;&#4653;&#4710;&#4758; &#4629;&#4931;&#4757; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4768;&#4659;&#4851;&#4874;&#4813; &#4614;&#4758; &#4720;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4636;&#4768;&#4811;&#4845;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4670;&#4670;&#4756; &#4768;&#4616;&#4675;&#4755; &#4840;&#4659;&#4779;&#4875;&#4810;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4853; &#8212; &#4704;&#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4648;&#4611;&#4709;&#4755; &#4704;&#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704; &#4840;&#4808;&#4848;&#4938;&#4725; &#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4936;&#4648;&#4662;&#4733;&#4757; &#4656;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4846;&#4653;&#4781;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4781;&#4619;&#4653;&#4781; &#4707;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4645;&#4653; &#4614;&#4758; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813;&#4757; &#4633;&#4617; &#4840;&#4720;&#4883;&#4824; &#4656;&#4813; &#8212; &#4704;&#4942;&#4653;&#4725; &#4781;&#4619;&#4725;&#4662;&#4949; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756; &#4624;&#4659;&#4705; &#4720;&#4896;&#4845;&#4678; &#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4963; &#4776;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4707;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4731;&#4653;&#4621;&#4661; &#4941;&#4622;&#4845;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763;&#4813; &#4840;&#4705;&#4853;&#4753; &#4768;&#4707;&#4621; &#8212; &#4704;&#4629;&#4632;&#4637; &#4638;&#4726; &#4704;&#4782;&#4648;&#4709;&#4723; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4811;&#4725;&#4777;&#4812;&#4845;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4754;&#4634;&#4945; &#4840;&#4675;&#4621; &#4725;&#4813;&#4938;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4854;&#4729; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4845;&#4872;&#4848;&#4617; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4651;&#4776;&#4648;&#4733; &#4660;&#4725; &#8212; &#4661;&#4639; &#4704;&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4923;&#4936;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4658;&#4635;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4813;&#4667; &#8212; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813;&#4757; &#4633;&#4617; &#4720;&#4883;&#4824;&#4963; &#4661;&#4633;&#4637; &#4616;70 &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4661;&#4613;&#4720;&#4725; &#4658;&#4752;&#4704;&#4709; &#4678;&#4840;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4650;&#4813; &#4772;&#4618;&#4782;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661;&#4757; &#4704;&#4782;&#4776;&#4709; &#4710;&#4723; &#4632;&#4808;&#4656;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648; &#4840;&#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4632;&#4616;&#4778;&#4843; &#4707;&#4616;&#4633;&#4843;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4708;&#4757;&#4867;&#4634;&#4757; &#4648;&#4669;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4629;&#4781;&#4637;&#4755; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4654;&#4704;&#4653;&#4725; &#4947;&#4720;&#4653;&#4656;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661;&#4757; &#4626;&#4659;&#4709;&#4755; &#4840;&#4707;&#4629;&#4653; &#4873;&#4830; &#4661;&#4620;&#4725; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4661;&#4944;&#4653; &#4810;&#4661;&#4723;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4840;&#4768;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4677;&#4650;&#4720; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621; &#4901;&#4755;&#4725; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4708;&#4757;&#4867;&#4634;&#4757; &#4661;&#4634;&#4829; &#4707;&#4653;&#4720;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4617;&#4810;&#4661; &#4840;&#4821;&#4933;&#4811;&#4725; &#4821;&#4813;&#4672;&#4725; &#4843;&#4661;&#4904;&#4704;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4816;&#4648;&#4709; &#4936;&#4674;&#4613;</strong> &#8212; &#4937;&#4721;&#4629; &#4768;&#4621;-&#4624;&#4704;&#4667;&#4757; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4666;&#4611;&#4709; &#4768;&#4853;-&#4850;&#4757; &#4768;&#4629;&#4632;&#4853; &#8212; &#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4731; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653;&#4757; &#4704;&#4710;&#4723; &#4661;&#4638;&#4733; &#4843;&#4661;&#4672;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4707; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;16&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;&#4726; &#4781;&#4941;&#4616; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4661;&#4616; &#4774;&#4654;&#4638; &#4632;&#4661;&#4939;&#4939;&#4725; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936; &#4632;&#4752;&#4777;&#4660; &#8212; &#4925;&#4625;&#4937; &#4811;&#4755; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909;&#4755; &#4840;&#4768;&#4853;&#4621;&#4814; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4874;&#4828; &#4614;&#4759;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4754;&#4782;&#4619;&#4661; &#4706;&#4853;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4873;&#4830; &#4725;&#4648;&#4779; &#4843;&#4824;&#4875;&#4864; &#4896;&#4704;&#4675; &#8212; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4707;&#4757;&#4781; &#4739;&#4619;&#4938; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4617;&#4810;&#4826;&#4843;&#4755;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;1803 &#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779; &#4776;&#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845; &#4840;&#4872;&#4827;&#4733;&#4813; &#4877;&#4825;&#4941; &#4877;&#4827;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4634;&#4825;&#4650; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4873;&#4830;&#4813; &#4811;&#4755; &#4840;&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4709; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853;&#4755; &#4840;&#4678;&#4840; &#4840;&#4928;&#4873;&#4653; &#4757;&#4877;&#4853; &#4632;&#4648;&#4709;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4637;&#4949; &#4849;&#4710;&#4845;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4705;&#4853;&#4753; &#4704;&#4877;&#4757;&#4710;&#4725; 1804 &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4659;&#4704;&#4725; &#4656;&#4936;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4755; &#4610;&#4851;&#4659; &#4632;&#4757;&#4848;&#4654;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4656;&#4636;&#4753; &#4636;&#4851; &#4872;&#4704;&#4843;&#4755; &#4705;&#4853;&#4753; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4781;&#4648;&#4637;&#4725; &#4843;&#4659;&#4616;&#4936;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4942;&#4653;&#4725; &#4781;&#4619;&#4725;&#4662;&#4949;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4947;&#4658;&#4938;&#4781; &#4768;&#4677;&#4651;&#4706;&#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4640;&#4651; &#4840;&#4829;&#4755;&#4709; &#4781;&#4648;&#4637;&#4725; &#4656;&#4936;&#4653; &#8212; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;&#4755; &#4840;&#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4661; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4710;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4755;&#4672;&#4673;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4782;&#4622;&#4637;&#4706;&#4843; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; &#4705;&#4853;&#4753;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4947;&#4658;&#4938;&#4781; &#4843;&#4808;&#4648;&#4848;&#4813; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829; &#8212; &#4656;&#4938;&#4813; &#4768;&#4937; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4813;&#4677;&#4843;&#4758;&#4661; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4720;&#4659;&#4661;&#4726; &#4720;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4660;&#4757;&#4725; &#4617;&#4810;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4720;&#4883;&#4838;&#4729; &#4704;&#4632;&#4661;&#4776;&#4648;&#4637; 1806 &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4872;&#4705;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4813; &#4848;&#4808;&#4622;&#4733; &#4840;&#4910;&#4793;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4874;&#4669; &#4819;&#4707;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#171;&#4877;&#4765;&#4725;&#187; &#4704;&#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4845;&#4723; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4656;&#4840;&#4637; &#4616;&#4635;&#4659;&#4840;&#4725; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4813; &#4840;&#4819;&#4707;&#4845; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4925;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4873;&#4830; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667;</strong> &#8212; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4659;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4704;&#4840;&#4672;&#4753; &#4840;&#4634;&#4923;&#4941; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709; &#8212; &#4725;&#4829;&#4723;&#4963; &#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4661;&#4963; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723;&#4755; &#4840;&#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4877;&#4765;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725; &#4616;&#4634;&#4758;&#4649;&#4704;&#4725; &#4629;&#4829;&#4710;&#4733; &#4840;&#4723;&#4808;&#4672; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653;&#4755; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4658;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4709; &#171;&#4768;&#4850;&#4661;&#187; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4634;&#4896;&#4651;&#4704;&#4725; &#4840;&#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4675;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4617;&#4810;&#4826;&#4843;&#4755; &#4877;&#4834;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4636;&#4650;&#4779;&#4757; &#4661;&#4939;&#4725; &#4704;&#4773;&#4901;&#4941; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4843;&#4659;&#4848;&#4872;&#4813; &#4840;1803 &#4877;&#4834; &#8212; &#4704;&#4637;&#4853;&#4649; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4649;&#4725; &#4629;&#4829;&#4710;&#4733; &#4659;&#4845;&#4896;&#4840;&#4673;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4709;&#4648;&#4725; &#4636;&#4851;&#4618;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4949;&#4652;&#4826;&#4851;&#4757;&#4721; &#4637;&#4661;&#4621;&#4755; &#4840;&#4720;&#4904;&#4707;&#4704;&#4897; &#4773;&#4870;&#4733; &#4840;&#4720;&#4672;&#4648;&#4921;&#4704;&#4725; &#4661;&#4902;&#4723; &#8212; &#4840;&#4850;&#4949;&#4622;&#4635;&#4658;&#4963; &#4840;&#4768;&#4616;&#4677;&#4752;&#4725; &#4665;&#4632;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4808;&#4848;&#4938;&#4725; &#4813;&#4621; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4653;&#4883;&#4634; &#4656;&#4757;&#4656;&#4616;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4757;&#4877;&#4877;&#4653; &#4704;&#4709;&#4825; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4755; &#4683;&#4757;&#4683;&#4814;&#4733; &#4768;&#4621;&#4942; &#4808;&#4848; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4653;&#4661;&#4704;&#4725; &#4610;&#4848;&#4725; &#8212; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4899;&#4651; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4669;&#4873;&#4901; &#4673;&#4661;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4757;&#4877;&#4853;&#4755; &#4840;&#4677;&#4765; &#4877;&#4827;&#4725; &#4950;&#4618;&#4658; &#4704;&#4629;&#4829;&#4710;&#4733; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4840;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;&#4963; &#4840;&#4637;&#4877;&#4709;&#4755; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4677;&#4661;&#4675;&#4660; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4638;&#4875;&#4659;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4865; &#4840;&#4824;&#4653; &#4624;&#4648;&#4877;&#4963; &#4632;&#4709;&#4725;&#4755; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707; &#4840;&#4774;&#4654;&#4638; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4937;&#4721;&#4629; &#4768;&#4621;-&#4624;&#4704;&#4667;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4816;&#4648;&#4709; &#4936;&#4674;&#4613; &#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4731; &#4725;&#4648;&#4779; &#8212; &#4840;&#4710;&#4723; &#4661;&#4638;&#4729; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4779;&#4653;&#4723; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4872;&#4616;&#4877;&#4617;&#4963; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4620;&#4619;&#4813;&#4757; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4843;&#4621;&#4896;&#4840;&#4672; &#4811;&#4755; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4637;&#4755; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677;</strong> &#8212; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649;&#4757; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4848;&#4648;&#4867; &#4840;&#4635;&#4757;&#4704;&#4709; &#4824;&#4852;&#4964; &#4704;&#4619;&#4841; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4901;&#4654; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709;&#4963; &#4776;&#4813;&#4661;&#4897; &#4840;&#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4763;&#4621;&#4755; &#4840;&#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4656;&#4752;&#4853;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4813;?</strong> &#4616;&#4752;&#4811;&#4650;&#4814;&#4729; &#4776;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725; &#4840;&#4723;&#4808;&#4672; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4851; &#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4653; &#4658;&#4872;&#4707; &#171;&#4720;&#4872;&#4760;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4637;&#4757; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4843;&#4621;? &#4635;&#4808;&#4677;&#4963; &#4632;&#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709;&#4755; &#4632;&#4877;&#4827;&#4725; &#4776;&#4840;&#4725; &#4720;&#4616;&#4843;&#4845;&#4720;&#4813; &#4840;&#4725; &#4845;&#4872;&#4755;&#4763;&#4617;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4632;&#4732; &#4752;&#4813; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813;?</strong> &#4779;&#4636;&#4768;&#4811;&#4845;&#4725; &#4936;&#4648;&#4662;&#4729;&#4757; &#4619;&#4616;&#4632;&#4661;&#4896;&#4725; &#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4877;&#4757; &#4853;&#4653;&#4853;&#4649; &#4704;&#4648;&#4611;&#4709;&#4963; &#4704;&#4669;&#4873;&#4901; &#4773;&#4902;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4808;&#4848;&#4938;&#4725; &#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4773;&#4777;&#4621; &#4843;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752; &#4768;&#4677;&#4637; &#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4632;&#4732; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4872;&#4811;&#4621;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4709;&#4720;&#4649; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4869; &#4872;&#4707;?</strong> &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4752;&#4853; &#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4661;&#4757;&#4963; &#4725;&#4813;&#4661;&#4723;&#4757;&#4755; &#4776;&#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4813;&#4909; &#4840;&#4672;&#4649; &#4629;&#4829;&#4710;&#4733;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#4658;&#4843;&#4853;&#4757;&#4963; &#4704;&#4720;&#4632;&#4659;&#4659;&#4845; &#4874;&#4828;&#4637; &#4632;&#4652;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4616;&#4634;&#4808;&#4661;&#4853; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4853; &#4658;&#4843;&#4659;&#4845;&#4963; &#4773;&#4757;&#4852;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4704;&#4941;&#4725;&#4629; &#4621;&#4755;&#4752;&#4704;&#4813; &#4840;&#4637;&#4757;&#4733;&#4616;&#4813;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት - Nibelungenlied]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4872;&#4757;&#4618;&#4853; (Nibelungenlied)&#4961; &#4840;&#4707;&#4619;&#4707;&#4725;&#4752;&#4725; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653;&#4755; &#4840;&#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4811;&#4875; "&#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4781;&#4937; &#4656;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4936;&#4621;&#4877;&#4637;&#4962;" &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 22 | 4 &#4781;&#4941;&#4622;&#4733;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/nibelungenlied</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/nibelungenlied</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2026 21:02:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/209419323/53082521f38301b0808d73e3c4cecbea.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.loyalbooks.com/book/das-nibelungenlied-by-karl-joseph-simrock" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6LRq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1c0d6d-f600-4395-84ed-117df559eedb_400x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6LRq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1c0d6d-f600-4395-84ed-117df559eedb_400x400.jpeg 848w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" 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&#4720;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4638;&#4733; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4632;&#4675;&#4709;&#4653; &#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4705;&#4653;&#4873;&#4757;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4840;&#4629;&#4877; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4705;&#4725; &#4873;&#4757;&#4851;&#4611;&#4650;&#4755; &#4874;&#4829;&#4619;&#4611;&#4650; &#4704;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4873;&#4757;&#4720;&#4653;&#4755; &#4874;&#4824;&#4621;&#4612;&#4653; &#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4657;</p></li><li><p><strong>453 &#8212; &#4768;&#4722;&#4619; &#4704;&#4640;&#4653;&#4873; &#4620;&#4618;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4722;&#4619; &#4770;&#4621;&#4850;&#4782; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4733; &#4864;&#4653;&#4632;&#4755;&#4810;&#4725; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#4707;&#4872;&#4707;&#4704;&#4725; &#4637;&#4669;&#4725; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#8220;&#4633;&#4669;&#4651;&#4811; 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&#4896;&#4757;&#4781;&#4655;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4872;&#4851;&#4841; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755;&#4813;&#4757; &#4658;&#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4811;&#4813;&#4677;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4814;&#4653;&#4637;&#4661; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669; &#4840;&#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853;&#4757; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4776;&#4813; &#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4853;&#4616;&#4813; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4709;&#4649;&#4757;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4813;&#4853;&#4853;&#4654;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4873;&#4757;&#4720;&#4653; &#4840;&#4770;&#4829;&#4619;&#4757;&#4855;&#4757; &#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4616;&#4635;&#4877;&#4707;&#4725; &#4658;&#4612;&#4853; &#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4845; &#4768;&#4661;&#4632;&#4661;&#4622; &#4704;&#4635;&#4845;&#4723;&#4840;&#4813; &#4779;&#4707; &#4648;&#4851;&#4813;&#4964; &#4709;&#4649;&#4757;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4720;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;&#4733;&#4963; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4664;&#4752;&#4939;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4808;&#4672;&#4733;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4640;&#4653;&#4877;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4704;&#4726;</strong> &#8212; &#4873;&#4757;&#4720;&#4653; &#4709;&#4649;&#4757;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853;&#4757;&#4963; &#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4705;&#4964; &#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4873;&#4757;&#4720;&#4653;&#4757; &#4616;&#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763; &#4874;&#4828; &#4648;&#4853;&#4726; &#4840;&#4709;&#4649;&#4757;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853;&#4757; &#4672;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4672;&#4704;&#4726; &#4808;&#4661;&#4854; &#4616;&#4634;&#4661;&#4721; &#4656;&#4899;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4704;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4768;&#4645;&#4653; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4726;&#4733; &#8220;&#4635;&#4757; &#4845;&#4677;&#4848;&#4637;?&#8221; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4720;&#4899;&#4617;&#4964; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4672;&#4616;&#4704;&#4721;&#4757;&#4755; &#4672;&#4704;&#4726;&#4813;&#4757; &#4704;&#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4938;&#4725; &#4768;&#4659;&#4845;&#4723; &#4709;&#4649;&#4757;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853;&#4757; &#4768;&#4811;&#4648;&#4848;&#4731;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4873;&#4851;&#4841; &#4720;&#4824;&#4875; &#8212; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4635;&#4616;&#4963; &#4873;&#4757;&#4720;&#4653;&#4637; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616;&#4813;&#4964; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4722;&#4721;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4707; &#4768;&#4845;&#4726; &#4840;&#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853;&#4757; &#4638;&#4725; &#4808;&#4656;&#4752;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725;&#4966; &#4637;&#4757;&#4905;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4904;&#4653;&#4677; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4656;&#4939; &#4632;&#4661;&#4672;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#8220;&#4704;&#4813;&#4874;&#4843; &#4773;&#4896;&#4709;&#4672;&#4811;&#4616;&#4609;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853;&#4757; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763; &#4848;&#4779;&#4635; &#4710;&#4723; &#4776;&#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4768;&#4661;&#4752;&#4872;&#4651;&#4725;&#4964; &#4773;&#4663;&#4637; &#4621;&#4725;&#4896;&#4709;&#4672;&#4813; &#4709;&#4619; &#4704;&#4621;&#4709;&#4657; &#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4661;&#4672;&#4621; &#4656;&#4939;&#4733; &#8212; &#4941;&#4677;&#4655; &#4840;&#4877;&#4853;&#4843;&#4813; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4813;&#4739;&#4813; &#4851;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4774;&#4848;&#4757;&#4715;&#4621;&#4853; &#4768;&#4848;&#4757; &#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4757;&#4873;&#4641; &#4773;&#4661;&#4778;&#4896;&#4899; &#4704;&#4768;&#4781;&#4709;&#4654;&#4725; &#4896;&#4704;&#4672;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4878;&#4757;&#4704;&#4661; &#4658;&#4621; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4632;&#4661;&#4672;&#4617;&#4757; &#4768;&#4877;&#4765;&#4726; &#4776;&#4864;&#4653;&#4707;&#4813; &#4808;&#4875;&#4813; &#8212; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4851;&#4757; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4720;&#4899;&#4656;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4633; &#4658;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4652;&#4659;&#4813; &#4658;&#4672;&#4653;&#4709; &#4840;&#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4673;&#4661;&#4621; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4872;&#4755; &#4848;&#4635;&#4964; &#4941;&#4653;&#4849; &#4720;&#4656;&#4896;&#4963; &#4677;&#4899;&#4721; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4656;&#4896;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4653;&#4673; &#4808;&#4848; &#4651;&#4845;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4840;&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4877;&#4757; &#4608;&#4709;&#4725; &#4616;&#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4656;&#4901;&#4723; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621; &#4661;&#4725;&#4656;&#4704;&#4661;&#4709; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4808;&#4653;&#4673;&#4757; &#4808;&#4757;&#4825; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4656;&#4896;&#4632;&#4813;&#4964; &#4707;&#4623;&#4757; &#4776;&#4808;&#4656;&#4848; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4840;&#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4768;&#4677;&#4639;&#4757;&#4637; &#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725;&#4966; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;13 &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#8220;&#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4659;&#4829;&#4757;&#4669; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4706;&#4848;&#4653;&#4661;&#4709;&#4669; &#4773;&#4704;&#4672;&#4621;&#4621;&#4667;&#4616;&#4609;&#8221; &#4658;&#4621; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4772;&#4725;&#4824;&#4621;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4877;&#4707;&#4725; &#4720;&#4661;&#4635;&#4635;&#4733;&#4964; &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4648;&#4851;&#4813; &#4821;&#4851; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4720;&#4936;&#4648;&#4632;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4620;&#4619; 13 &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4638;&#4735;&#4757;&#4755; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4772;&#4725;&#4824;&#4621; &#4708;&#4725; &#4875;&#4704;&#4824;&#4733;&#4964; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#8220;&#4808;&#4848; &#4638;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4637;&#4757;&#4612;&#4848;&#4813;&#8221; &#4706;&#4621;&#4637; &#8220;&#4936;&#4653;&#4720;&#4611;&#4621;&#8221; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4661;&#4853;&#4709; &#4776;&#4632;&#4672;&#4704;&#4621; &#4873;&#4830;&#4813;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4808;&#4757;&#4825; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4851;&#4753;&#4709; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4757;&#4873;&#4641; &#4779;&#4613;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4720;&#4752;&#4704;&#4841;&#4964; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4779;&#4613;&#4753;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829; &#4901;&#4622; &#4725;&#4757;&#4706;&#4721;&#4757; &#4936;&#4720;&#4752;&#4963; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4632;&#4614;&#4753;&#4757;&#4637; &#4658;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677; &#4632;&#4653;&#4776;&#4705;&#4757; &#4656;&#4709;&#4654; &#4632;&#4632;&#4616;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4896;&#4939;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4661;&#4902;&#4723;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4708;&#4792;&#4619;&#4648;&#4757; &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4616;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4854;&#4729; &#4661;&#4902;&#4723; &#4656;&#4896;&#4964; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757;&#4637; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4621;&#4869; &#4875;&#4667; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4616; &#8212; &#4843; &#4875;&#4667; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4813;&#4874;&#4843; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4845;&#4632;&#4899;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4707;&#4621;&#4635;&#4757;&#4877; &#4704;&#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4909;&#4757; &#4619;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4840;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4840;&#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#4845;&#4830; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853;&#4757; &#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4619;&#4725;&#4964; &#8220;&#4808;&#4653;&#4673; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757; &#4704;&#4651;&#4845;&#4757; &#4845;&#4758;&#4651;&#4621;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622;&#4637; &#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4619;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4942;&#4621;&#4776;&#4653; &#4704;&#4704;&#4649; &#4619;&#4845;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4773;&#4865; &#4715;&#4846;&#4618;&#4757;&#4963; &#4704;&#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#4840;&#4634;&#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4720;&#4811;&#4874; &#4620;&#4618;&#4721;&#4757; &#4704;&#4828;&#4635; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4875;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4661;&#4726; &#4776;&#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4875;&#4653; &#4704;&#4649;&#4757; &#4896;&#4704;&#4672;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4774;&#4653;&#4725;&#4618;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4840;&#4705;&#4653;&#4873;&#4757;&#4850;&#4843;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4875;&#4846;&#4733; &#4779;&#4896;&#4673; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4840;&#4772;&#4725;&#4824;&#4621;&#4755; &#4840;&#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853;&#4757; &#4621;&#4869; &#4704;&#4773;&#4755;&#4721; &#4938;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4964; &#4813;&#4874;&#4843;&#4813;&#4637; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665;&#4757; &#4638;&#4619;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4661;&#4897;&#4765;&#8221;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4659;&#4621;&#4936;&#4813; &#4706;&#4656;&#4903;&#4725; &#4620;&#4622;&#4729;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4637;&#4725;&#4616;&#4677; &#4752;&#4872;&#4648;&#4731;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4638;&#4735; &#4877;&#4757; &#4808;&#4851;&#4867;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4776;&#4632;&#4781;&#4851;&#4725; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4632;&#4638;&#4725;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4897;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665; &#4704;&#4773;&#4659;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665;&#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4675;&#4896;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4840;&#4720;&#4776;&#4704;&#4705;&#4725; &#4720;&#4811;&#4874;&#4814;&#4733; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851;&#4813; &#4901;&#4619; &#4645;&#4653; &#4620;&#4618;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4659;&#4621;&#4936;&#4813; &#4704;&#4635;&#4877;&#4661;&#4721; &#4872;&#4755; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4720;&#4872;&#4761;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4840;&#4872;&#4707;&#4813; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619;&#4755; &#4616;&#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4854;&#4729; &#4843;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4720;&#4875;&#4905;&#4964; &#4608;&#4709;&#4721;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4725;&#4726; &#4704;&#4877;&#4830;&#4725; &#4618;&#4808;&#4899; &#4706;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4936;&#4672;&#4848;&#4616;&#4725;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4875;&#4667;&#4813;&#4755; &#4656;&#4845;&#4937; &#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4657;</strong> &#8212; &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4618;&#4811;&#4875;&#4813; &#4616;&#4678;&#4632;&#4813; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4840;&#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4875;&#4667; &#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4964; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843; &#4876;&#4653;&#4758;&#4725; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4875;&#4853;&#4622; &#4651;&#4657; &#4704;&#4661;&#4902;&#4723; &#4704;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#4638;&#4720;&#4963; &#4876;&#4653;&#4758;&#4725;&#4637; &#4768;&#4709;&#4654;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4637;&#4661;&#4898;&#4649; &#4776;&#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4875;&#4653; &#4638;&#4720;</strong> &#8212; &#4850;&#4725;&#4650;&#4669; &#4873;&#4757;&#4720;&#4653;&#4757;&#4755; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757;&#4757; &#4635;&#4653;&#4782; &#4768;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704;&#4964; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4639;&#4757; &#4872;&#4853;&#4619; &#4840;&#4808;&#4653;&#4673;&#4757; &#4710;&#4723; &#4709;&#4725;&#4896;&#4845;&#4677;&#4637; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#8220;&#4637;&#4661;&#4898;&#4649; &#4704;&#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781;&#4755; &#4704;&#4773;&#4756; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4709;&#4731; &#4672;&#4648;&#8221; &#4768;&#4619;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4619;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4704;&#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757;&#4757; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4610;&#4621;&#4848;&#4709;&#4651;&#4757;&#4853;&#4637; &#4773;&#4663;&#4757; &#4872;&#4848;&#4619;&#4725;&#4964; &#4772;&#4725;&#4824;&#4621;&#4755; &#4850;&#4725;&#4650;&#4669; &#4678;&#4632;&#4813; &#4768;&#4616;&#4672;&#4657;&#4963; &#4808;&#4653;&#4673;&#4637; &#4704;&#4808;&#4757;&#4825; &#4672;&#4648;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4781;&#4937; &#4656;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4936;&#4621;&#4877;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4616;&#4808;&#4851;&#4865; &#4658;&#4621; &#4811;&#4664;&#4963; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4616;&#4757;&#4873;&#4641; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4658;&#4621; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4963; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4616;&#4707;&#4623; &#4661;&#4725;&#4621; &#4768;&#4896;&#4939;&#4733;&#4963; &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4675;&#4617;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4896;&#4704;&#4677; &#4658;&#4621; &#4720;&#4811;&#4875; &#8212; &#4840;&#4720;&#4875;&#4905; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733; &#4901;&#4649; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4773;&#4653;&#4661; &#4704;&#4653;&#4661; &#4768;&#4661;&#4872;&#4848;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4875;&#4667; &#8212; &#4813;&#4704;&#4725; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4669;&#4757;&#4936;&#4725;?</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4875;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4616;&#4896;&#4619;&#4721; &#4632;&#4661;&#4896;&#4721; &#4704;&#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936; &#4656;&#4709;&#4819;&#4810;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4632;&#4776;&#4707;&#4704;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757;&#4637; &#4661;&#4619;&#4619;&#4851;&#4752; &#4840;&#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4721; &#4669;&#4757;&#4936;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4808;&#4899; &#4811;&#4875; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4708;&#4721;&#4757;&#4755; &#4608;&#4709;&#4721;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4725;&#4726; &#4704;&#4877;&#4830;&#4725; &#4618;&#4808;&#4899; &#4936;&#4616;&#4872;&#4964; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4721; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4720;&#4875;&#4909; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733; &#4757;&#4921;&#4629; &#4632;&#4813;&#4907; &#4768;&#4621;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4733;&#4757; &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4645;&#4651; &#4720;&#4683;&#4637; &#4725;&#4773;&#4827;&#4829;&#4755; &#4704;&#4645;&#4651; &#4707;&#4621;&#4848;&#4648;&#4707; &#4619;&#4845; &#4707;&#4616; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;&#4963; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4720;&#4899;&#4617; &#4808;&#4851;&#4870;&#4733;&#4755; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4710;&#4733; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4658;&#4678;&#4637; &#4656;&#4813; &#4843;&#4757;&#4753; &#4840;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875; &#4704;&#4653; &#4843;&#4872;&#4763;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4638;&#4875;&#4659; &#4725;&#4845;&#4841;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4774;&#4654;&#4638; &#4707;&#4613;&#4621; &#4704;&#4675;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648; &#4829;&#4637;&#4853;&#4755; &#4776;&#4848;&#4637; &#4829;&#4637;&#4853;&#4755; &#4768;&#4843;&#4757;&#4661;&#4637;&#4964; &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653;&#4637; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;&#4814;&#4729;&#4757; &#8220;&#4725;&#4621;&#4677;&#4755; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4618;&#4848;&#4648;&#4853;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4840;&#4720;&#4864;&#4632;&#4648; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4901;&#4939;&#4721; &#4661;&#4616; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725;&#4963; &#4825;&#4939;&#4757; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4864;&#4632;&#4648;&#4637;&#4964; &#4808;&#4848; &#4708;&#4720; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4845;&#4677;&#4848;&#4637; &#4776;&#4634;&#4621; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4867;&#4755; &#4840;&#4629;&#4621;&#4813;&#4755; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4720;&#4752;&#4659;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4824;&#4875; &#4704;&#4653;&#4755; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4760; &#4632;&#4661;&#4782;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4649;&#4757;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4704;&#4635;&#4909;&#4704;&#4653;&#4704;&#4653; &#4720;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;&#4733;&#4964; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853;&#4637; &#4704;&#4824;&#4632;&#4854;&#4735; &#4704;&#4777;&#4621; &#4941;&#4725;&#4629; &#4635;&#4877;&#4760;&#4725; &#4661;&#4619;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;&#4733; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4616;&#4635;&#4877;&#4760;&#4725; &#4620;&#4619; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4768;&#4872;&#4707;&#4733; &#8212; &#4845;&#4613;&#4637; &#4645;&#4621;&#4899;&#4759;&#4757; &#4704;&#4621;&#4871;&#4755; &#4704;&#4621;&#4869; &#4621;&#4871; &#4661;&#4637; &#4776;&#4872;&#4752;&#4707;&#4733;&#4813; &#4776;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4637;&#4757;&#4725;&#4811;&#4709; &#4875;&#4653; &#4720;&#4752;&#4923;&#4920;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4840;&#4651;&#4661;&#4757;&#4637; &#4621;&#4869; &#4845;&#4704;&#4619;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4774;&#4653;&#4725;&#4618;&#4709;&#4757; &#4840;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4808;&#4848; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4665; &#4843;&#4632;&#4899;&#4733;&#4813; &#4877;&#4757; &#4773;&#4755;&#4721; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4755;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4704;&#4657;&#4661; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4677;&#4853;&#4632; &#4773;&#4661;&#4621;&#4637;&#4755; &#4768;&#4648;&#4709; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4877;&#4632;&#4621; &#4632;&#4872;&#4848;&#4623; &#4704;&#4720;&#4877;&#4618;&#4709;&#4755; &#4704;&#4781;&#4653; &#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4616;40 &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4872;&#4848;&#4635; &#4840;&#4678;&#4840; &#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4768;&#4661;&#4752;&#4659;&#4964; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4877;&#4632;&#4621;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4704;&#4653; &#4840;&#4725;&#4813;&#4621;&#4853; &#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4632;&#4752;&#4667; &#4614;&#4753;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4720;&#4651;&#4778;&#4813; &#4757;&#4921;&#4629; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4779;&#4733; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4704;&#4657;&#4661;&#4757; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;&#4637; &#4614;&#4752; &#4840;&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4878;&#4733;&#4757; &#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4843;&#4678;&#4841;&#4725; &#4872;&#4899;&#4634;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4964; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4704;&#4672;&#4621;&#4757; &#4618;&#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4637;&#4653;&#4637; &#4618;&#4843;&#4672;&#4899;&#4901;&#4621;&#4637; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#8212; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850;?</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4872;&#4851;&#4845; &#4614;&#4758; &#4704;&#4772;&#4725;&#4824;&#4621; &#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4637;&#4656;&#4662; &#4614;&#4752;&#4964; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4721; &#4757;&#4921;&#4629; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757;&#4963; &#4629;&#4931;&#4757;&#4757;&#4755; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4757; &#4768;&#4896;&#4939; &#8212; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4878;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4752;&#4813; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4723;&#4632;&#4757;&#4757; &#4658;&#4632;&#4648;&#4632;&#4653; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4877;&#4725;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4720;&#4675;&#4813;&#4638;?</strong> &#8212; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4840;&#4808;&#4653;&#4673;&#4757; &#4710;&#4723; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4755;&#4872;&#4649; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635; &#4843;&#4899; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4964; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4609;&#4617; &#4776;&#4720;&#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725; &#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4656;&#4709;&#4819;&#4810; &#4720;&#4675;&#4813;&#4638; &#4752;&#4813; &#4725;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4878;&#4752;&#4725; &#4651;&#4657; &#4840;&#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4873;&#4757;&#4720;&#4653; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4901;&#4939;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813;&#4757; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4768;&#4659;&#4621;&#4942; &#4776;&#4632;&#4661;&#4896;&#4725; &#4638;&#4725;&#4757; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4964; &#4840;&#4872;&#4848;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4808;&#4851;&#4867;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4632;&#4781;&#4851;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813; &#4704;&#4878; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616; &#4821;&#4851;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4901;&#4939;&#4725; &#4776;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4813;&#4653;&#4848;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4621;&#4632;&#4899;&#4637;&#4964; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653;&#4723; &#4661;&#4619;&#4621;&#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4963; &#4779;&#4659; &#4661;&#4619;&#4621;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616;&#4755; &#8220;&#4704;&#4848;&#4621; &#4848;&#4653;&#4662;&#4709;&#4667;&#4621;&#8221; &#4661;&#4619;&#4619;&#4616; &#4632;&#4899; &#8212; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4661;&#4616; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653;&#4723; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653;&#4723; &#4635;&#4899;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781;&#4963; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4758;&#4653;&#4661; &#4821;&#4725;&#4637; &#4873;&#4853;&#4649;&#4757; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4638;&#4735;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4768;&#4722;&#4619;&#4757; &#4725;&#4872;&#4853;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4704;&#4864;&#4653;&#4632;&#4753; &#4821;&#4725;&#4637; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4707;&#4623;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4638;&#4735;&#4757; &#4723;&#4896;&#4939;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4653;&#4920;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4720;&#4653;&#4776;&#4813; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4811;&#4877;&#4752;&#4653;&#4755; &#4840;&#4709;&#4628;&#4653; &#4941;&#4616;&#4875;</strong> &#8212; &#4811;&#4877;&#4752;&#4653; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4637;&#4669;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4864;&#4813;&#4757; &#4645;&#4651; &#4864;&#4653;&#4632;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4608;&#4872;&#4653; &#4616;&#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4637;&#4725;&#4723;&#4872;&#4621;&#4704;&#4725; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4864;&#4632;&#4648;&#4964; &#4811;&#4755; &#4637;&#4757;&#4905; &#4840;&#4758;&#4653;&#4661; &#4821;&#4725;&#4638;&#4733; &#4658;&#4614;&#4753; &#4776;&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4872;&#4757;&#4618;&#4853; &#4840;&#4877;&#4709;&#4835;&#4813;&#4757;&#4963; &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4721;&#4757;&#4755; &#4901;&#4939;&#4721;&#4757; &#4808;&#4656;&#4848;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;&#4840;&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4877; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725;&#8221;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;1909 &#4840;&#4864;&#4653;&#4632;&#4757; &#4632;&#4651;&#4628; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4776;&#4774;&#4661;&#4725;&#4650;&#4843; &#4878;&#4757; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4632;&#4678;&#4637;&#4757; &#4704;&#4826;&#4613; &#4661;&#4637; &#4872;&#4616;&#4920;&#4964; &#4704;1914 &#4675;&#4617; &#4808;&#4848; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4811;&#4869;&#4963; &#4776;&#4669;&#4757;&#4936;&#4721;&#4637; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4808;&#4848; &#8220;&#4720;&#4776;&#4853;&#4720;&#4755;&#4621;&#8221; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4808;&#4652; &#4872;&#4707;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4635;&#4757;&#4757; &#4843;&#4872;&#4621;&#4619;&#4621;?</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4707; &#4878;&#4653;&#4878;&#4653;&#4846;&#4661;&#4755; &#4617;&#4854;&#4621;&#4941; &#4840;&#4770;&#4725;&#4846;&#4917;&#4843;&#4757; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4616;&#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725;&#4755; &#4704;&#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4768;&#4672;&#4648;&#4705;&#4964; &#8220;&#4840;&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4877; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725;&#8221; &#4877;&#4757; &#4635;&#4757; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901;&#4755; &#4635;&#4757; &#4813;&#4909; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4845; &#4840;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4632;&#4936;&#4781;&#4653; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</strong></h3><ol><li><p>&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4616;&#4632;&#4726;&#4814;&#4733; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4648;&#4659; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; <strong>&#4704;1755</strong> &#4774;&#4704;&#4651;&#4845;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616; &#4624;&#4778;&#4637; &#4704;&#4614;&#4772;&#4757;&#4772;&#4637;&#4661; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4840;&#4773;&#4869; &#4925;&#4625;&#4937;&#4757; &#4768;&#4872;&#4760;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4645;&#4651;&#4813; &#4658;&#4723;&#4720;&#4637; &#4840;&#4949;&#4649;&#4658;&#4843;&#4813; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; <strong>&#4941;&#4652;&#4853;&#4650;&#4781;</strong> &#8220;&#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4840;&#4707;&#4649;&#4853; &#4901;&#4845;&#4725; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4773;&#4757;&#4787; &#4768;&#4845;&#4896;&#4677;&#4637;&#4637;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4755;&#4672;&#4813;&#4964; &#4878;&#4720;&#4755; &#4612;&#4877;&#4621;&#4637; &#4709;&#4825;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4808;&#4848;&#4849;&#4725;&#4637;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4704;<strong>2009</strong> &#4646;&#4661;&#4721; &#4811;&#4755; &#4840;&#4773;&#4869; &#4925;&#4625;&#4942;&#4733; &#4704;&#4841;&#4756;&#4661;&#4782; &#4840;&#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4725;&#4813;&#4661;&#4723; &#4632;&#4829;&#4872;&#4709; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4705;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4612;&#4704;&#4621;</strong> &#4723;&#4650;&#4777;&#4757; &#4707;&#4616; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4768;&#4659;&#4827;&#4765; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813;&#4964; <strong>&#4941;&#4650;&#4725;&#4829; &#4619;&#4757;&#4877;</strong> &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4704;1924 &#4768;&#4757;&#4849;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853;&#4963; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4720;&#4653;&#4777; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4768;&#4621;&#4707; &#4938;&#4621;&#4638;&#4733; &#4640;&#4651;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4723;&#4650;&#4777;&#4757; &#4632;&#4640;&#4648;&#4725; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872; &#4840;&#4724;&#4620;&#4714;&#4837;&#4757; &#4938;&#4621;&#4637; &#4704;<strong>2004</strong> &#4808;&#4899;&#4964; &#4827;&#4652; &#4704;&#4938;&#4621;&#4637;&#4963; &#4704;&#4782;&#4634;&#4781;&#4755; &#4704;&#4904;&#4811;&#4723; &#4840;&#4634;&#4723;&#4840;&#4813; &#4824;&#4757;&#4854; &#4872;&#4851;&#4845;&#4755; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4872;&#4632; &#4672;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4709;&#4827;&#4763;&#4813; &#4776;&#4811;&#4877;&#4752;&#4653;&#4755; &#4776;&#4758;&#4653;&#4661; &#4821;&#4725;&#4638;&#4733; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4840;&#4872;&#4827;&#4725; <strong>&#4708;&#4792;&#4619;&#4648;&#4757;</strong> &#4827;&#4652; &#4704;&#4774;&#4661;&#4725;&#4650;&#4843; &#4948;&#4797;&#4619;&#4653;&#4757; &#4725;&#4707;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#4704;&#4851;&#4753;&#4709; &#4851;&#4653; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4768;&#4779;&#4707;&#4706;&#4637; &#8220;&#4840;&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4877; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653;&#8221; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4896;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4840;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4726;&#4729; &#4896;&#4709; &#4704;&#4720;&#4779;&#4612;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725; <strong>&#4840;&#4814;&#4653;&#4637;&#4661; &#4779;&#4724;&#4853;&#4651;&#4621;</strong> &#4938;&#4725; &#4616;&#4938;&#4725; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4659;&#4845; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4810; &#4840;&#4724;&#4768;&#4725;&#4653; &#4704;&#4819;&#4621; &#4845;&#4779;&#4612;&#4851;&#4621; &#8212; &#4776;800 &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4896;&#4705; &#4872;&#4755; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843;&#4813; &#4848;&#4867;&#4941; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4901;&#4677;&#4662;&#4733;</strong></h2><blockquote><p>&#8220;&#4704;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725; &#4720;&#4648;&#4726;&#4733; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4661;&#4616; &#4709;&#4825; &#4853;&#4757;&#4677; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733; &#4720;&#4752;&#4877;&#4654;&#4755;&#4621;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4781;&#4705;&#4653; &#4864;&#4877;&#4758;&#4733;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4853;&#4779;&#4637;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616; &#4848;&#4661;&#4723;&#4755; &#4661;&#4616; &#4811;&#4845;&#4723;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616; &#4848;&#4939;&#4654;&#4733; &#4813;&#4874;&#4843;&#4962; &#4768;&#4609;&#4757;&#4637; &#4853;&#4757;&#4677; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;&#4757; &#4725;&#4656;&#4635;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4840;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4632;&#4781;&#4936;&#4731;</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4773;&#4755;&#4724; &#4614;&#4845;&#4963; &#4661;&#4616; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853; 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&#4658;&#4638;&#4721; &#4608;&#4709;&#4721; &#4872;&#4755; &#4704;&#4813;&#4661;&#4897; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4851;&#4753;&#4709; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4808;&#4757;&#4825; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733; &#4616;&#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4840;&#4901;&#4939;&#4721;&#4757; &#4725;&#4757;&#4706;&#4725; &#4840;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4649;&#4704;&#4725;&#4755; &#4773;&#4657; &#4632;&#4632;&#4616;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4896;&#4939;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4708;&#4792;&#4619;&#4648;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4877;&#4827;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4638;&#4677; &#4843;&#4616; &#4768;&#4672;&#4707;&#4704;&#4621; &#4710;&#4723; &#8212; &#4827;&#4652; &#4948;&#4797;&#4619;&#4653;&#4757; &#4725;&#4707;&#4619;&#4616;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4611;&#4757;&#4875;&#4650;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4772;&#4725;&#4824;&#4621; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4877;&#4709;&#4835; &#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4781;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4925;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4872;&#4757;&#4618;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4840;&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4877; &#4632;&#4829;&#4633;&#4653;&#8221; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4864;&#4877;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725;&#4963; &#4941;&#4677;&#4653;&#4963; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653;&#4963; &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4725;&#4755; &#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4896;&#4939; &#4674;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4720;&#4653;&#4781; &#4840;&#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4616;&#4763;&#4813; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4864;&#4653;&#4632;&#4755;&#4810; &#4772;&#4946;&#4781;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4883;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4707;&#4616; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#4632;&#4811;&#4677;&#4653;&#4964; &#4704;&#4632;&#4611;&#4621; &#4840;&#4632;&#4720;&#4757;&#4936;&#4667; &#4710;&#4723;&#4755; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4720;&#4904;&#4635;&#4650; &#4637;&#4725; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4635;&#4845;&#4723;&#4845; &#4779;&#4707;</strong> &#8212; &#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4776;&#4768;&#4621;&#4708;&#4650;&#4781; &#4840;&#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4813;&#4964; &#4616;&#4873;&#4757;&#4720;&#4653; &#4709;&#4649;&#4757;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4664;&#4752;&#4941; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4632;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813; &#4813;&#4664;&#4725; &#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4707;&#4621;&#4635;&#4757;&#4877;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#8212; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4776;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4843;&#4824;&#4813;&#4963; &#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853;&#4637; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4611;&#4872;&#4757;&#4757; &#4840;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4733;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4877; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4826;&#4877;&#4941;&#4650;&#4853; &#4608;&#4709;&#4725;&#4964; &#4616;&#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4877;&#4757; &#4872;&#4757;&#4824;&#4709; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621;&#4963; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616; &#4779;&#4659;&#4755; &#8220;&#4704;&#4848;&#4621; &#4848;&#4653;&#4662;&#4709;&#4667;&#4621;&#8221; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4773;&#4813;&#4677;&#4755;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4779;&#4659;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4872;&#4851;&#4841; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4616;&#4639;&#4729; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4776;&#4941;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4811;&#4875; &#8212; &#4848;&#4637;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4626;&#4659;&#4709; &#4704;&#4632;&#4616;&#4808;&#4901; &#4704;&#4672;&#4621;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4678;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4709;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4813;&#4661;&#4899;&#4810; &#4661;&#4636;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4637;&#4661;&#4781;&#4654;&#4733; &#4938;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4758;&#4653; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4651;&#4810; &#4629;&#4621;&#4813;&#4755;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4624;&#4619;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4675;&#4621; &#4840;&#4720;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648; &#4677;&#4849;&#4661; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#8212; &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4616;&#4763; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4875;&#4909; &#4675;&#4622;&#4733; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4824;&#4875;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4754;&#4708;&#4617;&#4757;&#4877; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4899;&#4813; &#4638;&#4725; &#4632;&#4614;&#4753;&#4757; &#4773;&#4843;&#4808;&#4673; &#4768;&#4709;&#4654; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4840;&#4632;&#4678;&#4637; &#4637;&#4661;&#4621; &#8212; &#4704;20&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;&#4726; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779;&#4755; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4632;&#4936;&#4781;&#4653; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4637;&#4755; &#4808;&#4653;&#4677;</strong> &#8212; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633;&#4757; &#4704;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4848;&#4648;&#4867; &#4840;&#4635;&#4757;&#4704;&#4709; &#4725;&#4845;&#4841;&#4964; &#4813;&#4907;&#4810;&#4813; &#4840;&#4904;&#4811;&#4752;&#4725; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781;&#4755; &#4776;&#4645;&#4649; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4901;&#4939;&#4725;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4840;&#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></h2><ol><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4616;&#4763; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733; &#4658;&#4875;&#4905;&#4962;</strong> &#4649;&#4850;&#4872;&#4653; &#4616;&#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4840;&#4872;&#4707;&#4813;&#4757; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619; &#4845;&#4896;&#4709;&#4677; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4851;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4877;&#4854;&#4733;? &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4757;&#4921;&#4629; &#4614;&#4758; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4808;&#4899; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763; &#4704;&#4653; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757;?</strong> &#4611;&#4872;&#4757; &#4616;&#4757;&#4873;&#4641; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765; &#4614;&#4758; &#4757;&#4921;&#4629; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757;&#4963; &#4629;&#4931;&#4757;&#4757;&#4755; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4896;&#4939;&#4962; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4878;&#4752;&#4725; &#4632;&#4614;&#4753;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4661;&#4752;&#4813; &#4925;&#4755;&#4721; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4872;&#4616;&#4877;&#4616;&#4813; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4776;&#4936;&#4616; &#4821;&#4851;&#4962;</strong> &#8220;&#4704;&#4848;&#4621; &#4848;&#4653;&#4662;&#4709;&#4667;&#4621;&#8221; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4773;&#4813;&#4677;&#4755;&#4963; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653;&#4723; &#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4779;&#4659; &#4704;&#4874;&#4828;&#4813; &#4706;&#4656;&#4901; &#4758;&#4654; &#4840;&#4781;&#4650;&#4637;&#4610;&#4621;&#4853; &#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4618;&#4678;&#4637; &#4845;&#4733;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;? &#4704;&#4827;&#4652; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4709;&#4755; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4709; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4848;&#4637;&#4757; &#8220;&#4808;&#4848; &#4626;&#4659;&#4709;&#8221; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813;&#4897; &#4720;&#4683;&#4635;&#4725; &#4637;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;?</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — The Song of Roland]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4632;&#4829;&#4633;&#4653;&#4966; &#4840;&#4864;&#4877;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4864;&#4709;&#4849; &#8220;Roland is brave, Oliver is wise.&#8221; &#8212; &#8220;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4901;&#4704;&#4704;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#8221;]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/the-song-of-roland</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/the-song-of-roland</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2026 19:07:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/208474854/f61c7583aad58ffb3b450f97f7624f54.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>&#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 21 | 4 &#4781;&#4941;&#4622;&#4733; | &#4768;&#4677;&#4651;&#4706;: &#4659;&#4707; &amp; &#4770;&#4709;&#4659; &amp; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; | &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725;: &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</strong></p><p>&#4704;778 &#4704;&#4946;&#4652;&#4756;&#4661; &#4720;&#4651;&#4654;&#4733; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4840;&#4747;&#4619; &#4896;&#4707;&#4674; &#4705;&#4853;&#4757; &#4720;&#4904;&#4936;&#4904;&#4936;&#4962; &#4704;&#4828;&#4755; &#4632;&#4811;&#4821;&#4621; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4840;&#4672;&#4648;&#4813; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#8220;&#4840;&#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4754; &#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4851;&#4650; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#8221; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4621;&#4962; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4733; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4776;&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4666;&#4613; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#4840;&#4634;&#4896;&#4875; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4704;&#4672;&#4616;&#4964; &#4669;&#4757;&#4936;&#4725;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653;&#4963; &#4840;&#4704;&#4672;&#4621; &#4901;&#4675;&#4725;&#4757;&#4637; &#4808;&#4848; &#4677;&#4849;&#4661; &#4632;&#4661;&#4811;&#4821;&#4725;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4808;&#4896; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637;&#4962; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4729; &#4877;&#4757; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4648;&#4872;&#4705;&#4637;&#4962; &#4773;&#4653;&#4851;&#4723; &#4632;&#4896;&#4840;&#4677; &#4813;&#4653;&#4848;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;? &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4843;&#4848;&#4653;&#4875;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4845;&#4872;&#4853;&#4619;&#4621;? &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4725;&#4661; &#4776;&#4781;&#4939;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4776;&#4673;&#4661;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813;?</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27_e!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F420901db-38c6-4d94-9d5c-1658cdfc3516_980x1500.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27_e!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F420901db-38c6-4d94-9d5c-1658cdfc3516_980x1500.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27_e!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F420901db-38c6-4d94-9d5c-1658cdfc3516_980x1500.webp 848w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 1 &#8212; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777; &#4651;&#4657; &#4637;&#4757; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;? (&#4659;&#4707;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>778 &#4819;.&#4637; &#8212; &#4654;&#4757;&#4660;&#4718; &#4664;&#4616;&#4678;</strong> &#8212; &#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4776;&#4661;&#4948;&#4757; &#4658;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4840;&#4747;&#4619; &#4896;&#4707;&#4674;&#4813; &#4704;&#4896;&#4707;&#4705; &#4632;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4938;&#4843; &#4720;&#4896;&#4675;&#4964; &#4776;&#4638;&#4721;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>476 &#8212; &#4840;&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4705; &#4654;&#4637; &#4813;&#4853;&#4672;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4720;&#4638;&#4733; &#4720;&#4851;&#4776;&#4633;&#4963; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4854;&#4733; &#4936;&#4648;&#4657;&#4963; &#4635;&#4757;&#4704;&#4709;&#4755; &#4632;&#4923;&#4941; &#4840;&#4901;&#4674;&#4725; &#4632;&#4752;&#4782;&#4659;&#4725; &#4645;&#4651; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4941;&#4651;&#4757;&#4782;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4827;&#4652;&#4811; &#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845;&#4755; &#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4709; &#4864;&#4653;&#4632;&#4757; &#4840;&#4656;&#4936;&#4648; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#8212; &#8220;&#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845;&#8221; &#4661;&#4639;&#4757; &#4843;&#4872;&#4760;&#4733;&#4813; &#4776;&#4826;&#4613; &#4629;&#4829;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4661;&#4637; &#4651;&#4657; &#4840;&#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4635;&#4661;&#4648;&#4867; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4731;&#4653;&#4616;&#4661; &#4635;&#4653;&#4724;&#4621; (732&#4963; &#4721;&#4653;)</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4768;&#4843;&#4725; &#8212; &#4776;&#4661;&#4948;&#4757; &#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4726; &#4808;&#4848; &#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845; &#4621;&#4709; &#4840;&#4872;&#4707;&#4813;&#4757; &#4877;&#4661;&#4875;&#4660; &#4768;&#4678;&#4632;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; (&#4757;&#4873;&#4645; 768)</strong> &#8212; &#4704;46 &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4840;&#4877;&#4827;&#4725; &#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4877;&#4827;&#4721;&#4757; &#4776;&#4654;&#4637; &#4813;&#4853;&#4672;&#4725; &#4808;&#4850;&#4613; &#4808;&#4851;&#4621;&#4723;&#4840; &#4661;&#4939;&#4725; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656; &#8212; &#4704;800 &#4840;&#4872;&#4755; &#4821;&#4616;&#4725; &#4915;&#4915;&#4661; &#4618;&#4846; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763; &#8220;&#4840;&#4654;&#4635;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4757;&#4873;&#4640; &#4752;&#4872;&#4645;&#4725;&#8221; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4824;&#4813;&#4853; &#4907;&#4753;&#4616;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#4843;&#4752;&#4659; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4709;&#4821;&#4653;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4851;&#4752;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4792;&#4757; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757;&#4757; &#4656;&#4709;&#4661;&#4710; &#4840;&#4901;&#4757;&#4725; &#4840;&#4619;&#4722;&#4757; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4872;&#4616;&#4704;&#4897; &#4768;&#4824;&#4824;&#4964; &#4651;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4725;&#4651;&#4657; &#4645;&#4653; &#4656;&#4620;&#4851; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4902; &#4938;&#4848;&#4621; &#4616;&#4632;&#4677;&#4648;&#4925; &#4845;&#4723;&#4872;&#4621; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; (&#4772;&#4845;&#4757;&#4611;&#4653;&#4853;)</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4661;&#4948;&#4753; &#4824;&#4632;&#4731; &#4704;&#4877;&#4709;&#4835; &#4720;&#4864;&#4632;&#4648;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4633;&#4661;&#4618;&#4637; &#4768;&#4634;&#4654;&#4733; &#4621;&#4817;&#4779;&#4757; &#4773;&#4653;&#4851;&#4723; &#4896;&#4840;&#4673;&#4725; &#8212; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4753; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; &#4776;&#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4840;&#4633;&#4661;&#4618;&#4637; &#4808;&#4872;&#4757; &#4878;&#4757; &#4614;&#4758; &#4776;&#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4720;&#4811;&#4875;&#4964; &#4840;&#4901;&#4637;&#4648;&#4725; &#4950;&#4616;&#4722;&#4779; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4840;&#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4725; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4840;&#4872;&#4848;&#4617;&#4725; &#4633;&#4661;&#4618;&#4638;&#4733; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4617;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4947;&#4637;&#4949;&#4622;&#4755; &#4661;&#4616;&#4936;&#4648;&#4656;&#4733;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4704;&#4672;&#4617; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4757; &#4707;&#4661;&#4782;&#4733; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4661;&#4616; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4757; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757;&#4963; &#4645;&#4651;&#4813;&#4757;&#4755; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720;&#4704;&#4725;&#4757; &#4813;&#4874;&#4843; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4705;&#4757;&#4963; &#4821;&#4853;&#4636;&#4813;&#4757;&#4963; &#4938;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4755;&#4813;&#4677;&#4637;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 2 &#8212; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633;&#4757; &#4840;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4813; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; (&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4829;&#4637;&#4723;</strong> &#8212; &#4781;&#4661;&#4720;&#4721; &#4704;&#4828;&#4755; &#4632;&#4811;&#4821;&#4621; &#4720;&#4672;&#4709;&#4654; &#4678;&#4840;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;&#4726; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4877;&#4757; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4632;&#4899;</p></li><li><p><strong>1095 &#8212; &#4840;&#4915;&#4915;&#4661; &#4769;&#4653;&#4707;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763; &#4901;&#4650;</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4613;&#4873;&#4650;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4672;&#4659;&#4672;&#4656;&#4964; &#4776;&#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4850;&#4661; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4659;&#4656;&#4709; &#4808;&#4616;&#4848; &#8212; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4739;&#4898;&#4768;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4677;&#4849;&#4661; &#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899;&#4813; &#4872;&#4704;&#4843; &#4661;&#4616;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4649;&#4677; &#4637;&#4853;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4752;&#4659; &#4725;&#4813;&#4621;&#4853; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4872;&#4811;&#4621;&#4966; &#4704;&#4707;&#4821;&#4853; &#4720;&#4651;&#4651; &#4619;&#4845; &#4632;&#4638;&#4725; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4616;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4813; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4843;&#4619;&#4840;&#4813; &#4638;&#4725; &#4704;&#4656;&#4635;&#4845; &#4723;&#4845;&#4727;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4709;&#4731;&#4813;&#4757; &#4845;&#4638;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4877;&#4757; &#4632;&#4619;&#4773;&#4781;&#4725; &#4808;&#4653;&#4848;&#4813; &#4752;&#4941;&#4657;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4808;&#4656;&#4849; &#4845;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4755;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616;&#4936;&#4813;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4720;&#4653;&#4781;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4634;&#4672;&#4901;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757;&#4637; &#4845;&#4672;&#4653;&#4923;&#4621;&#4964; &#4661;&#4616; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4656;&#4635; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4616;&#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4845;&#4752;&#4659;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4808;&#4848; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4658;&#4616;&#4808;&#4901;</strong> &#8212; &#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4776;38 &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; 200 &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4768;&#4848;&#4872;&#4964; &#4707;&#4661;&#4782;&#4733; &#4896;&#4941;&#4720;&#4813; &#4633;&#4661;&#4618;&#4637; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4720;&#4779;&#4728;&#4813; &#8212; &#4821;&#4853;&#4636;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657; &#4635;&#4821;&#4648;&#4877; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4938;&#4813;&#4851;&#4618;&#4829;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4635;&#4821;&#4776;&#4619;&#4810; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;&#4963; &#4950;&#4618;&#4661;&#4755; &#4683;&#4634; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4704;&#4620;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4705; &#4840;&#4720;&#4843;&#4843;&#4824;&#4813; &#4704;&#4877;&#4621; &#4675;&#4616; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619;&#4757; &#4635;&#4941;&#4648;&#4661; &#4776;&#4752;&#4941;&#4661; &#4877;&#4853;&#4843; &#4840;&#4776;&#4939; &#4808;&#4757;&#4864;&#4621; &#4720;&#4848;&#4653;&#4878; &#4845;&#4723;&#4845; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4707;&#4619;&#4707;&#4725; &#4813;&#4853; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653; &#4936;&#4648;&#4661;&#4963; &#4840;&#4709;&#4648;&#4725; &#4901;&#4649;&#4653;&#4963; &#4875;&#4667;&#4963; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941;&#4963; &#4648;&#4851;&#4726;&#4733; &#8212; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4723;&#4901;&#4672;&#4813; &#4632;&#4652;&#4721; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4632;&#4652;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4656;&#4896;&#4813; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4876;&#4723;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4661;&#4636;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4753;&#4654; &#4873;&#4851;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4608;&#4709;&#4725; &#4661;&#4633; &#4752;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4661;&#4633; &#4840;&#4896;&#4939; &#4707;&#4619;&#4707;&#4725; &#4704;&#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4705; &#4819;&#4845;&#4757; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>chanson de geste (&#8221;&#4840;&#4872;&#4853;&#4621; &#4632;&#4829;&#4633;&#4653;&#8221;)</strong> &#8212; &#4838;&#4757;&#4877;&#4616;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4617; &#4720;&#4883;&#4837; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733; &#4704;&#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669;&#4755; &#4704;&#4872;&#4704;&#4843; &#4619;&#4845; &#4704;&#4633;&#4826;&#4675; &#4723;&#4869;&#4704;&#4813; &#4845;&#4824;&#4637;&#4649;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4616;&#4819;&#4845;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4616;&#4870;&#4654; &#4840;&#4720;&#4640;&#4651; &#4677;&#4653;&#4925;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4776;&#4669;&#4616;&#4619;&#4755; &#4776;&#4768;&#4829;&#4635;&#4650; &#4875;&#4653; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4669;&#4616;&#4619; &#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4650;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616; &#4651;&#4657; &#4845;&#4942;&#4781;&#4651;&#4621;&#4964; &#4704;&#4731;&#4757;&#4662;&#4757; &#4848; &#4836;&#4661;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616; &#4638;&#4720; &#4656;&#4813; &#4845;&#4824;&#4637;&#4651;&#4621; &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849; &#4840;&#4629;&#4843;&#4811;&#4757; &#4777;&#4651;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4963; &#4620;&#4619;&#4813; &#4840;&#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4651;&#4658;&#4813; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#4619;&#4845; &#4721;&#4654;&#4621;&#4849;&#4661; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4661;&#4637; &#4709;&#4731; &#4720;&#4896;&#4677;&#4663;&#4621;&#4964; &#4901;&#4757;&#4723;&#4810;&#4813; &#4677;&#4866; &#4827;&#4652; &#4704;&#4774;&#4781;&#4661;&#4942;&#4653;&#4853; &#4845;&#4872;&#4763;&#4621; &#8212; &#4840;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4613;&#4873;&#4653; &#4709;&#4628;&#4651;&#4810; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4707; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 3 &#8212; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725; &#4704;&#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725; (&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;)</strong></h2><p><strong>&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4966; &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4721; &#4658;&#4808;&#4616;&#4853;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4704;&#4659;&#4651;&#4878;&#4659; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4752;&#4656;&#4656; &#4660;&#4651;</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4619;&#4757;&#4779;&#4757;&#4853;&#4650;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4637;&#4781;&#4653; &#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4966; &#8220;&#4661;&#4902;&#4723; &#4619;&#4781;&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4725;&#4755; &#4616;&#4632;&#4616;&#4808;&#4901; &#4675;&#4621; &#4877;&#4707;&#4963; &#4723;&#4875;&#4734;&#4733;&#4637; &#4661;&#4896;&#4813;&#8221; &#8212; &#4609;&#4617;&#4637; &#4813;&#4664;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4661;&#4620;&#4721; &#4877;&#4757; &#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4848;&#4781;&#4638;&#4723;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4853;&#4637;&#4934;&#4733; &#4704;&#4901;&#4853; &#4827;&#4941; &#4645;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#8220;&#4768;&#4725;&#4632;&#4753;&#4725;&#4964; &#4621;&#4817;&#4779;&#4758;&#4731;&#4733;&#4757;&#4757; &#4840;&#4872;&#4848;&#4616; &#4656;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#8221; &#4768;&#4616; &#8212; &#4875;&#4757;&#4622;&#4757; &#8220;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4658;&#4672;&#4653;&#4709;&#4621;&#4613; &#4632;&#4757;&#4672;&#4941; &#4725;&#4821;&#4706;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4720;&#4675;&#4808;&#4632;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#4813; &#4883;&#4757;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4864;&#4651; &#4768;&#4707;&#4721;&#4757; &#4875;&#4757;&#4622;&#4757;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4621;&#4817;&#4781;&#4752;&#4725; &#4896;&#4678;&#4632; &#8212; &#4875;&#4757;&#4622;&#4757; &#8220;&#4845;&#4613;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4648;&#4659;&#4613;&#4637;&#8221; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;&#4964; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4659;&#4672; &#8212; &#4843; &#4659;&#4677; &#4709;&#4825; &#4656;&#4813; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4962; &#4840;&#4665;&#4632;&#4721; &#4883;&#4757;&#4725; &#4632;&#4652;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#4964; &#4632;&#4901;&#4942; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4637;&#4637;&#4752;&#4721;</strong> &#8212; &#4875;&#4757;&#4622;&#4757; &#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4938;&#4725;&#4966; &#8220;&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4840;&#4747;&#4619; &#4896;&#4707;&#4674; &#4725;&#4726; &#4843;&#4621;&#4939;&#4621;&#4964; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4768;&#4661;&#4672;&#4637;&#4896;&#4811;&#4616;&#4609;&#8221; &#8212; &#4757;&#4873;&#4641;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4779;&#4637;&#4964; &#4818;&#4619;&#4635;&#4813; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; (&#4845;&#4613;&#4733; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4840;&#4629;&#4877; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4725;&#4614;&#4755;&#4616;&#4733;)</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4633; &#4658;&#4896;&#4651;</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4840;&#4747;&#4619; &#4896;&#4707;&#4674;&#4813; &#4635;&#4757; &#4845;&#4609;&#4757;?&#8221; &#8212; &#8220;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#4962; &#4776;&#4773;&#4613;&#4725;&#4613; &#4621;&#4869; &#4840;&#4720;&#4667;&#4616; &#4635;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;?&#8221; &#8212; &#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4781;&#4937; &#4629;&#4621;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4638; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4720;&#4896;&#4651;&#4896;&#4648;&#4964; &#4614;&#4758;&#4637; &#4776;&#4637;&#4781;&#4653; &#4708;&#4721; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756; &#4632;&#4813;&#4899;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;&#4637;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725;&#4966; &#4654;&#4757;&#4660;&#4718; &#4658;&#4848;&#4635;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4621;&#4632;&#4755;&#4814;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4782;&#4648;&#4709;&#4723;&#4813; &#4619;&#4845; &#4808;&#4901;&#4726; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4721;&#4757; &#4768;&#4840; &#8212; &#8220;&#4774;&#4618;&#4939;&#4757;&#4725;&#4613;&#4757; &#4757;&#4939;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4616;&#4632;&#4752;&#4964; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4773;&#4637;&#4706; &#4768;&#4616; &#8212; &#8220;&#4824;&#4632;&#4854;&#4732; &#4661;&#4636;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4843;&#4896;&#4937; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4677;&#4853;&#4637;&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4621;&#4709;</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4901;&#4704;&#4704;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4720;&#4632;&#4661;&#4877;&#4752;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4768;&#4757;&#4849;&#4757; &#4768;&#4619;&#4661;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896;&#4637;&#4964; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4813;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4867;&#4733;&#4757; &#4768;&#4758;&#4648;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4705;&#4651;&#4780;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; &#4618;&#4672; &#4915;&#4915;&#4661; &#4721;&#4653;&#4946;&#4757; &#4720;&#4811;&#4874;&#4814;&#4729;&#4757; &#4768;&#4755;&#4830; &#4707;&#4648;&#4779;&#4728;&#4813;&#4963; &#4776;&#4826;&#4843;&#4637; &#4651;&#4657; &#4902;&#4653; &#4768;&#4752;&#4659; &#8212; &#4676;&#4661; &#4658;&#4707;&#4653;&#4781;&#4755; &#4676;&#4661; &#4658;&#4811;&#4875; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4872;&#4755;&#4760;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; 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&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4617;&#4725;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4637;&#4821;&#4651;&#4941; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725;&#4966; &#4704;&#4672;&#4621;&#4755; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#4928;&#4624;&#4845; &#4661;&#4725;&#4678;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4658;&#4920;&#4621;&#4845; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4928;&#4624;&#4845;&#4757; &#4768;&#4678;&#4635;&#4725;&#4964; &#4896;&#4619;&#4726;&#4729;&#4757; &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4772;&#4709;&#4654; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829; &#4872;&#4939;&#4728;&#4813; &#8212; &#4776;&#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4941; &#4677;&#4849;&#4661; &#4840;&#4770;&#4843;&#4657; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4614;&#4757; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4651; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4875;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4707;&#4877;&#4851;&#4853; &#4768;&#4634;&#4653; &#4707;&#4618;&#4875;&#4757;&#4725; &#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4964; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4768;&#4648;&#4875;&#4813;&#4843;&#4757; &#4632;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733; &#4938;&#4725; &#4616;&#4938;&#4725; &#4720;&#4872;&#4755;&#4761; &#8212; &#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4768;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;&#4964; &#4659;&#4651;&#4878;&#4659; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4709;&#4651;&#4634;&#4638;&#4757;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4634;&#4661;&#4725; &#4808;&#4848; &#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845; &#4720;&#4808;&#4661;&#4851; &#4704;&#4936;&#4675;&#4855; &#4720;&#4896;&#4632;&#4672;&#4733; &#8212; &#4620;&#4622;&#4729; &#4704;&#4739;&#4845;&#4621;&#4963; &#4773;&#4663; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4632;&#4648;&#4851;&#4725; &#8212; &#4704;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4609;&#4617; &#4704;&#4651;&#4663; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4611;&#4845;&#4635;&#4758;&#4727;&#4757; &#4840;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648;&#4733; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763;&#4811; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4774;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4773;&#4741;&#4725;&#4963; &#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4773;&#4910;&#4763; &#8212; &#8220;&#4621;&#4868;&#4757; &#4773;&#4656;&#4901;&#4667;&#4616;&#4609;&#8221; &#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4733;&#4964; &#8220;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4776;&#4638;&#4720; &#4773;&#4756; &#4704;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4632;&#4758;&#4653; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4621;&#4877;&#4637;&#8221; &#4709;&#4619; &#4776;&#4757;&#4873;&#4641; &#4773;&#4877;&#4653; &#4645;&#4653; &#4638;&#4723; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4875;&#4757;&#4622;&#4757; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4720;&#4704;&#4672;&#4621;&#4777; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4776;&#4851;&#4609;&#4637;&#4964; &#4704;&#4672;&#4620;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4848;&#4707;&#4707;&#4845; &#4872;&#4621;&#4908; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#8221; &#8212; &#4704;&#4938;&#4813;&#4851;&#4617; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4781;&#4653;&#4781;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4722;&#4844;&#4650;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763; &#4720;&#4675;&#4811;&#4634; &#8212; &#8220;&#4704;&#4768;&#4872;&#4621;&#4877;&#4622;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4843;&#4616;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813; &#4632;&#4781;&#4851;&#4725; &#4757;&#4873;&#4641;&#4757; &#4632;&#4781;&#4851;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#8221; &#8212; &#4877;&#4825;&#4937;&#4757; &#4946;&#4755;&#4708;&#4621;&#4757; &#4704;&#4941;&#4621;&#4634;&#4843; &#4768;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;&#4964; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4629;&#4877; &#4845;&#4613; &#4840;&#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4872;&#4853;&#4621;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4875;&#4757;&#4622;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4936;&#4648;&#4662;&#4733; &#4720;&#4672;&#4848;&#4848;&#4964; &#4616;&#4773;&#4657; &#4840;&#4632;&#4656;&#4776;&#4649; &#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4824;&#4632;&#4854;&#4729;&#4637; &#4720;&#4656;&#4672;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4632;&#4621;&#4768;&#4777; &#4872;&#4709;&#4653;&#4772;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4720;&#4752;&#4661;&#4964; &#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4722;&#4843;&#4758;&#4733; &#4845;&#4896;&#4649;&#4611;&#4621;&#8221; &#8212; &#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4768;&#4616;&#4672;&#4656;&#4964; &#8220;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4724; &#4637;&#4757;&#4763; &#4776;&#4707;&#4853; &#4755;&#4725;&#8221; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4704;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4901;&#4650;&#4963; &#4704;&#4773;&#4648;&#4941;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4704;&#4773;&#4757;&#4707; &#4843;&#4704;&#4675;&#4621;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4872;&#4851;&#4845; &#4725;&#4821;&#4706;&#4725;?</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4774;&#4618;&#4939;&#4757;&#4721;&#4757; &#4706;&#4752;&#4939; &#4758;&#4654; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4721; &#4845;&#4720;&#4653;&#4941; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4843;&#4808;&#4877;&#4824;&#4813;&#4637;&#4964; &#4843;&#4813; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813; &#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843;&#4813;&#4753; &#4704;&#4826;&#4843; &#4710;&#4723; &#4843;&#4678;&#4632;&#4813;&#4962; &#4781;&#4709;&#4649; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872;&#4813;&#4964; &#4843;&#4813; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4872;&#4848;&#4616;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4723;&#4851;&#4634; &#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4872;&#4811;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4843;&#4656;&#4704;&#4813; &#8220;&#4824;&#4632;&#4854;&#4732; &#4661;&#4616; &#4773;&#4756; &#4637;&#4757; &#4845;&#4619;&#4617;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4651;&#4810; &#4877;&#4757;&#4707;&#4723; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4638;&#4721; &#4773;&#4757;&#4787;&#4757; &#4616;&#4723;&#4851;&#4634; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4704;&#4620;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4768;&#4672;&#4635;&#4632;&#4897;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4781;&#4619;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4651;&#4810; &#4634;&#4850;&#4843; &#4725;&#4845;&#4841;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4616;&#4763;&#4813; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4707;&#4619;&#4707;&#4725; &#4723;&#4851;&#4634;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4813;&#4672;&#4813; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4709; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4773;&#4763; &#4877;&#4757; &#4704;&#4840;&#4672;&#4753; &#4704;&#4635;&#4755;&#4813;&#4672;&#4813; &#4661;&#4941;&#4653; &#4673;&#4901;&#4653; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4723;&#4851;&#4634; &#4938;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4678;&#4635;&#4616;&#4757; &#8212; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4616;&#4661;&#4633; &#4658;&#4621; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4616;&#4637;&#4661;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4658;&#4617; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4723;&#4728;&#4813;&#4757; &#4845;&#4640;&#4811;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4896;&#4619;&#4725;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4852;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4645;&#4619;&#4616;&#4757;?</strong> &#8212; &#4704; Iliad &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4628;&#4781;&#4726;&#4653; &#4776;&#4768;&#4778;&#4621;&#4661; &#4707;&#4621;&#4720;&#4755;&#4752;&#4656; &#4653;&#4741;&#4651;&#4740; 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&#4776;&#4651;&#4657; &#4949;&#4654;&#4947;&#4875;&#4757;&#4851; &#4633;&#4617; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4635;&#4637;&#4616;&#4901; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;&#4637; (&#4808;&#4845;&#4637; &#4848;&#4779;&#4635; &#4896;&#4619;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#4635;&#4664;&#4752;&#4941; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4768;&#4845;&#4656;&#4901;&#4637;)</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4825; &#4772;&#4946;&#4781; &#4877;&#4901;&#4638;&#4733; &#4704;&#4853;&#4621; &#4843;&#4704;&#4675;&#4617;&#4964; &#4845;&#4613; &#4877;&#4757; &#4853;&#4617;&#4757; &#4656;&#4901;&#4726; &#4656;&#4619;&#4633;&#4757; &#4845;&#4752;&#4659;&#4621; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4853;&#4621; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4661;&#4616; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752;&#4962; &#4704;&#4658;&#4851;&#4635; &#4840;&#4617;&#4811; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4725;&#4813;&#4621;&#4849; &#4658;&#4896;&#4651; &#4632;&#4612;&#4853; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4609;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4725; &#4776;&#4673;&#4661;&#4621; &#4845;&#4632;&#4899;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4875;&#4757;&#4622;&#4757; &#4896;&#4619;&#4725; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4964; &#4720;&#4811;&#4648;&#4853;&#4777; &#4709;&#4622; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4779;&#4848;&#4813; &#8212; &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4725;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4776;&#4619;&#4776;&#4621; &#4776;&#4611;&#4850;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4635;&#4659;&#4848;&#4853; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4635;&#4781;&#4704;&#4653; &#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4875;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4634;&#4755;</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4709;&#4731;&#4613;&#4757; &#4768;&#4725;&#4733;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;&#4963; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653;&#8221; &#4840;&#4634;&#4617;&#4757; &#4808;&#4851;&#4870;&#4733; &#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4873;&#4755;&#4621;&#4964; &#4773;&#4763;&#4637; &#4616;&#4620;&#4622;&#4733; &#4843; &#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616;&#4709;&#4757;&#4962; &#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757;&#4853; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4704;&#4773;&#4867;&#4733;&#4757; &#4768;&#4616; &#8212; &#4616;&#4808;&#4851;&#4869; &#4840;&#4634;&#4848;&#4808;&#4621; &#4661;&#4621;&#4781;&#4963; &#4840;&#4624;&#4778;&#4637; &#4672;&#4896;&#4654;&#4963; &#8220;&#4720;&#4728;&#4877;&#4652;&#4768;&#4616;&#4609;&#8221; &#4840;&#4637;&#4725;&#4621; &#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4819;&#4648;&#4941;&#4720; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4774;&#4853;&#4755; &#4840;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4813;&#4906; &#4811;&#4875;</strong> &#8212; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4768;&#4851;&#4752;&#4964; &#4774;&#4853; &#4877;&#4757; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4727;&#4757; &#4768;&#4899;&#4733; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616; &#4864;&#4877;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4661;&#4755;&#4808;&#4651; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4776;&#4632;&#4853;&#4648;&#4777; &#4813;&#4909; &#4840;&#4634;&#4776;&#4941;&#4617; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4768;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4637;&#4920;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4661;&#4616; &#4661;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4651;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4661;&#4637; &#4840;&#4616;&#4813;&#4637;&#4962; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4851;&#4757; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4877;&#4757; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4725;&#4726; &#4720;&#4648;&#4936; &#8212; &#4840;&#4721; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4720;&#4667;&#4616; &#4840;&#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4813;?</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</strong></h3><ol><li><p>&#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; <strong>&#4849;&#4651;&#4757;&#4851;&#4621;</strong> &#4651;&#4657; &#4768;&#4936; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4614;&#4759;&#4621; &#8212; &#4704;&#4848;&#4705;&#4709; &#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845; &#4654;&#4779;&#4635;&#4849;&#4653; &#4704;&#4637;&#4725;&#4707;&#4621; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#4872;&#4848;&#4621; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851; &#4619;&#4845; &#4616;&#4709;&#4825; &#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4725; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#4720;&#4656;&#4781;&#4726; &#4845;&#4723;&#4845; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4776;&#4677;&#4653;&#4709; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4808;&#4850;&#4613; &#4877;&#4757; &#4776;&#4710;&#4723;&#4813; &#4720;&#4808;&#4661;&#4854; &#4896;&#4941;&#4727;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4612;&#4661;&#4722;&#4757;&#4877;&#4661; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; (1066)</strong> &#8212; &#4723;&#4845;&#4621;&#4936;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650; &#4776;&#4758;&#4653;&#4635;&#4757; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4938;&#4725; &#4938;&#4725; &#4773;&#4840;&#4875;&#4616;&#4704; &#4661;&#4616; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4845;&#4824;&#4637;&#4653; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621; &#4725;&#4813;&#4938;&#4721;&#4962; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4845;&#4609;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4609;&#4757; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677;&#4637;&#4964; &#4725;&#4813;&#4938;&#4721; &#4651;&#4657; &#4877;&#4757; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4808;&#4848; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4658;&#4872;&#4705; &#4840;&#4634;&#4656;&#4633;&#4725; &#4824;&#4936;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4875;&#4728;&#4813; &#4845;&#4752;&#4877;&#4648;&#4755;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4704;<strong>&#4939;&#4654; &#4848;&#4660;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#4773;&#4661;&#4776; &#4827;&#4652; &#4853;&#4648;&#4661; &#4840;&#4654;&#4757;&#4660;&#4718;&#4757; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4634;&#4720;&#4653;&#4781; &#4707;&#4619;&#4853; &#4704;&#4707;&#4613;&#4619;&#4810; &#4840;&#4656;&#4757;&#4656;&#4616;&#4725; &#4909;&#4936;&#4651; &#4845;&#4824;&#4632;&#4651;&#4621; &#8212; &#4776;&#4666;&#4613; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4872;&#4755; &#4704;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4773;&#4869; &#4616;&#4773;&#4869; &#4720;&#4843;&#4845;&#4824;&#4813; &#4845;&#4904;&#4941;&#4651;&#4617;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4704;&#4864;&#4653;&#4632;&#4757; &#4776;&#4720;&#4638;&#4733; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; <strong>&#8220;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#8221; &#4840;&#4634;&#4707;&#4617; &#4877;&#4825;&#4941; &#4840;&#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4845; &#4624;&#4813;&#4621;&#4726;&#4733;</strong> &#4768;&#4617;&#4964; &#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4635;&#4811;&#4757; &#4840;&#4757;&#4877;&#4853;&#4755; &#4840;&#4941;&#4653;&#4853; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4843;&#4632;&#4616;&#4781;&#4721; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4704;&#4709;&#4652;&#4632;&#4757; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4704;&#4841;&#4756;&#4661;&#4782; &#4840;&#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4677;&#4653;&#4661;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4632;&#4829;&#4877;&#4711;&#4621; &#8212; &#4616;&#4757;&#4873;&#4641; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765; &#4614;&#4758; &#4840;&#4638;&#4720; &#4707;&#4619;&#4707;&#4725; &#4840;&#4776;&#4720;&#4638;&#4733; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725; &#4614;&#4752;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Orlando Furioso</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;&#4726; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4768;&#4650;&#4846;&#4661;&#4726; &#4843;&#4659;&#4720;&#4632;&#4813; &#4840;&#4770;&#4899;&#4618;&#4843; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4772;&#4946;&#4781;&#4964; &#8220;Orlando&#8221; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4620;&#4619; &#4723;&#4619;&#4677; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4661;&#4722;&#4712;&#4757; &#4778;&#4757;&#4877; <strong>The Dark Tower</strong> &#4704;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813; &#4720;&#4776;&#4723;&#4723;&#4845; &#4621;&#4709; &#4808;&#4616;&#4849; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4811;&#4755; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755;&#4813;&#4757; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4709;&#4622; &#4656;&#4845;&#4638;&#4723;&#4621; &#8212; &#4840;&#4666;&#4613; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4661;&#4637; &#4872;&#4755; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4877;&#4651;&#4611;&#4637; &#4877;&#4650;&#4757; <strong>The Confidential Agent</strong> &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4621;&#4709; &#4808;&#4616;&#4849;&#4757; &#4704;&#4826;&#4613; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4825;&#4650;&#4843; &#4872;&#4757;&#4709;&#4727;&#4621;&#4964; &#4811;&#4755; &#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4653;&#4841; &#4840;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4720;&#4632;&#4651;&#4635;&#4650; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#8220;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725;&#8221; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4720;&#4648;&#4659; &#8212; &#4768;&#4757;&#4852; &#4781;&#4661;&#4720;&#4721; &#4720;&#4648;&#4659;&#4963; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4768;&#4851;&#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4672;&#4901;&#4622; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4720;&#4648;&#4659;&#4963; &#4840;&#4773;&#4869; &#4925;&#4625;&#4937; &#4768;&#4851;&#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4704;&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4824;&#4896;&#4752;&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;&#4726; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757; &#4768;&#4659;&#4725;&#4632;&#4813; &#4658;&#4843;&#4808;&#4897;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4936;&#4648;&#4757;&#4659;&#4845; &#4709;&#4628;&#4651;&#4810; &#4877;&#4901;&#4637; &#4840;&#4720;&#4707;&#4616;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4901;&#4677;&#4662;&#4733;</strong></h2><blockquote><p>&#8220;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4901;&#4704;&#4704;&#4763; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; (&#4840;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4704;&#4633;&#4617; &#4621;&#4709; &#4840;&#4614;&#4752;&#4733; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653;)</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4824;&#4632;&#4854;&#4732; &#4661;&#4636;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4843;&#4896;&#4937; &#4768;&#4621;&#4936;&#4677;&#4853;&#4637;&#4962; &#4849;&#4651;&#4757;&#4851;&#4621;&#4757; &#4768;&#4752;&#4659;&#4616;&#4609; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4672;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4939;&#4637;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4774; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4780;&#4963; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4724; &#4637;&#4757;&#4763; &#4776;&#4707;&#4853; &#4755;&#4725;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; (&#4840;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4675;&#4621;)</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4853;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4752;&#4813;&#4964; &#4877;&#4852;&#4723; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4843;&#4621;&#4677;&#4637;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 3</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757;&#4853; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4704;&#4773;&#4843;&#4757;&#4851;&#4757;&#4851;&#4733;&#4757; &#4773;&#4869; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; &#4733;&#4877;&#4649; &#4632;&#4732; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4637;&#4757;&#4752;&#4939;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4632;&#4614;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725;&#4964; &#4704;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4877;&#4757; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4840;&#4720;&#4659;&#4659;&#4720;&#4813;&#4757; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755; &#4773;&#4757;&#4632;&#4653;&#4899;&#4616;&#4757;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4877;&#4651;&#4611;&#4637; &#4877;&#4650;&#4757;</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4851;&#4757; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4877;&#4757; &#4661;&#4633;&#4757; &#4725;&#4726; &#4720;&#4648;&#4936;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4661;&#4638;&#4733;&#4755; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;</strong></h2><h3><strong>&#4656;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4754; &#4853;&#4757;&#4704;&#4653; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4851;&#4851;&#4650;&#4964; &#4840;&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4840;&#4773;&#4613;&#4725; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4704;&#4654;&#4757;&#4660;&#4718; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765;</strong> (~742&#8211;814) &#8212; &#4840;&#4941;&#4651;&#4757;&#4782;&#4733; &#4757;&#4873;&#4645; (768)&#4963; &#4757;&#4873;&#4640; &#4752;&#4872;&#4645;&#4725; (800) &#8212; &#4704;&#4824;&#4632;&#4731;&#4813; &#4808;&#4677;&#4725; 38 &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4964; &#4704;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4877;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4614;&#4759;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4883;&#4848;&#4763; &#8212; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#8220;&#4672;&#4757;&#4849;&#4757; &#4757;&#4939;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4616;&#4632;&#4752;&#4813; &#4901;&#4704;&#4704;&#4763;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4875;&#4757;&#4622;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4840;&#4773;&#4757;&#4864;&#4651; &#4768;&#4707;&#4725; &#8212; &#4720;&#4811;&#4653;&#4854; &#4840;&#4779;&#4848;&#4964; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4936;&#4648;&#4662;&#4733; &#4720;&#4672;&#4848;&#4848;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4721;&#4653;&#4946;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4618;&#4672; &#4915;&#4915;&#4661; &#8212; &#4707;&#4653;&#4782; &#4840;&#4720;&#4811;&#4875;&#4964; &#4676;&#4661;&#4755; &#4720;&#4811;&#4874; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4659;&#4651;&#4878;&#4659; &#4768;&#4634;&#4653; &#8212; &#4773;&#4865; &#4720;&#4678;&#4653;&#4902; &#4704;&#4736;&#4824;&#4757; &#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4709;&#4619;&#4757;&#4779;&#4757;&#4853;&#4650;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4768;&#4635;&#4779;&#4650; &#8212; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#8220;&#4901;&#4704;&#4704;&#4763;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4634;&#4896;&#4651;&#4813; &#4896;&#4619;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4755;&#4845;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4901;&#4704;&#4704;&#4763; &#4632;&#4661;&#4941;&#4757; &#8212; &#4781;&#4613;&#4848;&#4721;&#4757; &#4840;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4722;&#4844;&#4650;</strong> &#8212; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4768;&#4779;&#4621; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4707;&#4619;&#4707;&#4725; &#8212; &#4946;&#4755;&#4708;&#4621;&#4757; &#4768;&#4664;&#4757;&#4942; &#4941;&#4653;&#4849;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4808;&#4656;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4946;&#4755;&#4708;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4875;&#4757;&#4622;&#4757; &#4824;&#4632;&#4853;&#4755; &#4720;&#4639;&#4875;&#4733; &#8212; &#4877;&#4825;&#4941; &#4720;&#4811;&#4874;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4774;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4773;&#4741;&#4725;&#4963; &#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4773;&#4910;&#4763; &#8212; &#4828;&#4755;&#4813;&#4757; &#4656;&#4637;&#4723; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4709;&#4651;&#4634;&#4638;&#4757;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4634;&#4661;&#4725; &#8212; &#4704;&#4651;&#4663; &#4936;&#4675;&#4853; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4632;&#4672;&#4733; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4707;&#4618;&#4875;&#4757;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4707;&#4877;&#4851;&#4853; &#4768;&#4634;&#4653; &#8212; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4813;&#4757; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4725; &#4843;&#4632;&#4899;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4772;&#4845;&#4757;&#4611;&#4653;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4840;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938; &#8212; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4757;&#4850;&#4725; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#4840;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4731;&#4653;&#4616;&#4661; &#4635;&#4653;&#4724;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4768;&#4843;&#4725; &#8212; &#4721;&#4653; (732)</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4915;&#4915;&#4661; &#4769;&#4653;&#4707;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;1095 &#4901;&#4650; &#4768;&#4677;&#4651;&#4706;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4721;&#4654;&#4621;&#4849;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667; &#4632;&#4661;&#4632;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4656; &#4661;&#4637; &#8212; &#4635;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4768;&#4845;&#4723;&#4808;&#4677;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4650;&#4846;&#4661;&#4726;</strong> &#8212; Orlando Furioso (16&#4763;&#4813; &#4632;.&#4781;.&#4824;.)</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4661;&#4722;&#4712;&#4757; &#4778;&#4757;&#4877;</strong> &#8212; The Dark Tower &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4864;&#4877;&#4755;&#4813;&#4757; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4709;&#4622; &#4656;&#4840;&#4632;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4877;&#4651;&#4611;&#4637; &#4877;&#4650;&#4757;</strong> (1904&#8211;1991) &#8212; The Confidential Agent &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4723;&#4845;&#4621;&#4936;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4612;&#4661;&#4722;&#4757;&#4877;&#4661; (1066) &#4661;&#4616; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4824;&#4637;&#4655;&#4621; &#4840;&#4634;&#4707;&#4621; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#4654;&#4757;&#4660;&#4718;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4946;&#4652;&#4756;&#4661; &#4720;&#4651;&#4654;&#4733; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4843;&#4616; &#4896;&#4707;&#4709; &#4632;&#4720;&#4619;&#4616;&#4938;&#4843; &#8212; 778</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4659;&#4651;&#4878;&#4659;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4635;&#4653;&#4658;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#8212; &#4776;&#4661;&#4948;&#4757; &#4840;&#4632;&#4904;&#4648;&#4667;&#4811; &#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4843;&#4824;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4621;-&#4768;&#4757;&#4851;&#4617;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;711 &#4864;&#4637;&#4654; &#4840;&#4633;&#4661;&#4618;&#4637; &#4768;&#4872;&#4827;&#4829; &#4645;&#4653; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4733;&#4813; &#4770;&#4708;&#4650;&#4843;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4947;&#4637;&#4949;&#4622;&#4755;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4707;&#4661;&#4782;&#4733; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635; &#8212; &#4661;&#4616;&#4936;&#4648;&#4656;&#4733;&#4707;&#4728;&#4813; &#4720;&#4704;&#4672;&#4617;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4792;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4757;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725; &#8212; &#4637;&#4609;&#4651;&#4757;&#4755; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4772;&#4709;&#4654; &#4808;&#4757;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; &#4928;&#4624;&#4845; &#4678;&#4635; &#4840;&#4720;&#4779;&#4612;&#4848;&#4813; &#4635;&#4659;&#4848;&#4853; &#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4755;&#4672;&#4672;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4774;&#4781;&#4661;&#4942;&#4653;&#4853;</strong> &#8212; &#4901;&#4757;&#4723;&#4810;&#4813; &#4840;&#4877;&#4901;&#4633; &#4840;&#4773;&#4869; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4840;&#4634;&#4872;&#4765;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4654;&#4779;&#4635;&#4849;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4849;&#4651;&#4757;&#4851;&#4621; &#4704;&#4872;&#4848;&#4617; &#4877;&#4853;&#4877;&#4851; &#4619;&#4845; &#4845;&#4723;&#4845; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4707;&#4725; &#4776;&#4720;&#4635;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4709;&#4652;&#4632;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4841;&#4756;&#4661;&#4782; &#4840;&#4720;&#4632;&#4824;&#4872;&#4704;&#4813; &#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4624;&#4813;&#4621;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4707;&#4725;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4933;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>chanson de geste</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4840;&#4872;&#4853;&#4621; &#4632;&#4829;&#4633;&#4653;&#8221; &#8212; &#4616;&#4757;&#4707;&#4709; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4824;&#4632;&#4653; &#4840;&#4720;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4838;&#4757;&#4877;&#4616;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4768;&#4851;&#4651;&#4669;&#4755; &#4704;&#4872;&#4704;&#4843; &#4877;&#4901;&#4633;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4824;&#4637;&#4649; &#4720;&#4883;&#4837; &#4824;&#4635;&#4650;&#4814;&#4733;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4774;&#4618;&#4939;&#4757;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853; &#4672;&#4757;&#4853; &#8212; &#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4874;&#4828; &#4616;&#4637;&#4758;&#4723;&#4621;&#4964; &#4658;&#4752;&#4939;&#4637; &#4853;&#4637;&#4929; &#4640;&#4619;&#4659; &#4618;&#4877; &#4720;&#4883;&#4824;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4849;&#4651;&#4757;&#4851;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; &#4704;&#4773;&#4864;&#4723;&#4813; &#4757;&#4811;&#4843;&#4720; &#4677;&#4853;&#4659;&#4725; &#4843;&#4617;&#4725; &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#8212; &#4720;&#4757;&#4672;&#4659;&#4675;&#4669; &#4708;&#4720; &#4632;&#4677;&#4848;&#4661;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4768;&#4645;&#4651; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4707;&#4621;&#4848;&#4648;&#4710;&#4733;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4667;&#4653;&#4616;&#4635;&#4765; &#4637;&#4653;&#4901; &#4707;&#4619;&#4707;&#4726;&#4733; &#8212; &#4654;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#4755; &#4774;&#4618;&#4712;&#4653; &#4776;&#4632;&#4779;&#4776;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4938;&#4813;&#4851;&#4618;&#4829;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4705; &#4704;&#4877;&#4621; &#4675;&#4616; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619; &#4840;&#4720;&#4659;&#4656;&#4648;&#4704;&#4725; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4725; &#8212; &#4632;&#4624;&#4619; &#4635;&#4941;&#4648;&#4661; &#4776;&#4877;&#4853;&#4843; &#4840;&#4776;&#4939;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4632;&#4661;&#4672;&#4621; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; &#4776;1095 &#4864;&#4637;&#4654; &#8212; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4677;&#4849;&#4661; &#4720;&#4877;&#4707;&#4653; &#4843;&#4848;&#4648;&#4872; &#4768;&#4850;&#4661; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4659;&#4656;&#4709;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853; (&#4941;&#4621;&#4634;&#4843;)</strong> &#8212; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4704;&#4752;&#4896;&#4619; &#4813;&#4874;&#4843; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4661;&#4757; &#4840;&#4824;&#4632;&#4753; &#4629;&#4877;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4669;&#4616;&#4619;&#4755; &#4768;&#4829;&#4635;&#4650;</strong> &#8212; &#4840;&#4629;&#4843;&#4811;&#4757; &#4777;&#4651;&#4725;&#4964; &#4731;&#4757;&#4662;&#4757; &#4848; &#4836;&#4661;&#4725; &#4877;&#4757; &#4840;&#4633;&#4723;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4723;&#4808;&#4667;</p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት — Sophocles: Philoctetes]]></title><description><![CDATA[Neoptolemus's refusal to lie &#8212; "I was not born for cunning." / "&#4709;&#4621;&#4899;&#4709;&#4621;&#4901; &#4614;&#4764; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4936;&#4896;&#4653;&#4777;&#4637;&#4962;"]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/sophocles-philoctetes</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/sophocles-philoctetes</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2026 17:30:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/207519568/233f2286eaa13738035a48963d34faad.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>&#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 20 | 4 &#4781;&#4941;&#4622;&#4733; | &#4768;&#4677;&#4651;&#4706;: &#4659;&#4707; &amp; &#4770;&#4709;&#4659; &amp; &#4768;&#4704;&#4707; | &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725;: &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png" width="1456" height="1456" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EPmV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9780218c-4463-4006-b766-69718cb3378e_2048x2048.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Sophocles &#4824;&#4896;&#4755; &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4618;&#4638;&#4619; &#4658;&#4621; &#8212; 409 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;. &#8212; Philoctetes &#4757; &#4923;&#4936;&#4962; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#8212; &#4877;&#4757; &#4813;&#4661;&#4897; &#4843;&#4616;&#4813; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4672;&#4619;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4776;&#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4721; &#4618;&#4752;&#4896;&#4621; &#4768;&#4845;&#4731;&#4621;&#4637;? &#4616;&#4819;&#4619;&#4635; &#4661;&#4757;&#4811;&#4664;&#4813; &#4725;&#4781;&#4781;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;? &#4843;&#4616; &#4941;&#4725;&#4629; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4760; &#4853;&#4621;&#4661; &#4853;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;? &#4773;&#4752;&#4826;&#4613; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4814;&#4733; &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4666;&#4613; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4632;&#4726; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4808;&#4850;&#4613; &#4768;&#4621;&#4720;&#4672;&#4840;&#4649;&#4637;&#4962;</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 1 &#8212; Sophocles &#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;? (&#4659;&#4707;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>Sophocles</strong> (~496&#8211;406 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#8212; Colonus &#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4964; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653;&#4963; &#4868;&#4756;&#4651;&#4621;&#4755; &#4828;&#4875; &#4614;&#4758; &#4640;&#4651;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4920;&#4624;&#4938; &#4709;&#4731; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637;</strong> &#8212; &#4848;&#4637;&#4755; &#4661;&#4675;&#4845; &#4843;&#4840; &#4656;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616; &#4848;&#4637;&#4755; &#4661;&#4675;&#4845; &#4923;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>120 &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4726;&#4733; &#4925;&#4942; &#4656;&#4707;&#4721; &#4709;&#4731; &#4848;&#4653;&#4656;&#4811;&#4755;&#4621;</strong> &#8212; Oedipus Rex&#4963; Antigone&#4963; Ajax&#4963; Philoctetes &#4904;&#4637;&#4654;</p></li><li><p><strong>Athens &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4852;&#4638;&#4781;&#4651;&#4658;&#4843;&#4810; &#4829;&#4877;&#4869;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4813; &#4925;&#4942;&#4963; &#4824;&#4936;&#4758;&#4963; &#4640;&#4621;&#4901;&#4758;&#4963; &#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4936;&#4648;&#4848;</p></li><li><p><strong>Oedipus Rex (~429 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#8212; &#4616; Pericles &#4635;&#4661;&#4896;&#4757;&#4672;&#4674;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4709;&#4621;&#4613;&#4752;&#4725;&#4613; &#4651;&#4657; &#4618;&#4843;&#4896;&#4939;&#4613; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4923;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4648;&#4653;&#4669;&#4761; (430 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#4635;&#4661;&#4896;&#4757;&#4672;&#4674;&#4843;&#4813;&#4757; &#4848;&#4872;&#4632;&#4813;</strong> &#8212; Pericles &#4651;&#4657; &#4638;&#4720;&#4964; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4877;&#4757; &#4768;&#4621;&#4678;&#4632;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>Philoctetes (409 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#8212; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763; &#4635;&#4661;&#4896;&#4757;&#4672;&#4674;&#4843;</strong> &#8212; &#4616; Alcibiades &#4723;&#4650;&#4781; &#4637;&#4659;&#4620; &#4614;&#4752;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4840;&#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4725;</strong> &#8212; Hercules &#4652;&#4659;&#4721;&#4757; &#4616;&#4635;&#4675;&#4896;&#4621; &#4709;&#4731; Philoctetes &#4848;&#4936;&#4648; &#8212; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4843; &#4723;&#4635;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 2 &#8212; Athens &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; (&#4770;&#4709;&#4659;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>Peloponnesian War (431&#8211;404 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.)</strong> &#8212; Athens vs. Sparta &#8212; &#4611;&#4843; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4633;&#4617; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4648;&#4653;&#4669;&#4761; (430 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.)</strong> &#8212; &#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763; &#4638;&#4720; &#8212; Pericles &#4768;&#4616;&#4936;</p></li><li><p><strong>Alcibiades</strong> &#8212; Pericles &#4843;&#4659;&#4848;&#4872;&#4813; &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4709;&#4621;&#4613;&#4963; &#4637;&#4766;&#4720;&#4763; &#8212; Athens &#4757; Sicily &#4824;&#4632;&#4731; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4875;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Sicily &#4813;&#4853;&#4672;&#4725; (415 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.)</strong> &#8212; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4721; &#4633;&#4617; &#4896;&#4939; &#8212; Athens &#4635;&#4872;&#4872;&#4637; &#4776;&#4637;&#4725;&#4733;&#4616;&#4813; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4848;&#4851;</p></li><li><p><strong>Alcibiades &#4664;&#4664; &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; Sparta&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4939;&#4653;&#4661;</strong> &#8212; &#4616;&#4896;&#4619;&#4726;&#4735; Athens &#4757; &#4635;&#4664;&#4752;&#4941; &#4773;&#4757;&#4852;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4731;&#4621; &#4768;&#4661;&#4720;&#4635;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;Alcibiades &#4843;&#4853;&#4752;&#4755;&#4621;&#8221; (409 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.)</strong> &#8212; Athens &#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4678;&#4653;&#4899; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4845;&#4637;&#4899; &#4709;&#4616;&#4733; &#8212; &#4621;&#4781; Philoctetes &#4845;&#4632;&#4616;&#4661; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4720;&#4896;&#4651;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4828;&#4875; = &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653;</strong> &#8212; Athens &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4853;&#4637;&#4925; &#4840;&#4656;&#4896; &#4902;&#4653; &#4824;&#4637;&#4727;&#4621; &#8212; Philoctetes &#4673;&#4661;&#4617; &#4661;&#4619;&#4661;&#4896;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4828;&#4878;&#4729; &#4707;&#4648;&#4649;&#4725;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 3 &#8212; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4721; &#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725; &#4704;&#4677;&#4925;&#4704;&#4725; (&#4768;&#4704;&#4707;)</strong></h2><p><strong>&#4646;&#4661;&#4725; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4963; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Odysseus</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4621;&#4609; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837; &#8212; &#8220;&#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4672;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4629;&#4618;&#4755;&#4613;&#4757; &#4661;&#4896;&#4765;&#8221; &#4658;&#4621; &#4808;&#4899;&#4721;&#4757; &#4845;&#4936;&#4725;&#4755;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>Neoptolemus</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Achilles &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4721; &#4768;&#4850;&#4661; &#4840;&#4632;&#4899; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#8212; &#4757;&#4921;&#4629; &#4621;&#4705; &#4936;&#4720;&#4755;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>Philoctetes</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4645;&#4653; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725; &#4619;&#4845; &#8212; &#4673;&#4661;&#4617; &#4845;&#4704;&#4656;&#4709;&#4659;&#4621;&#4963; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4877;&#4757; &#4878;&#4753; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4635;&#4723;&#4616;&#4843;&#4813; &#4658;&#4824;&#4875;&#4869;</strong> &#8212; Odysseus &#4808;&#4899;&#4721;&#4757; &#8220;&#4883;&#4848;&#4763; &#4632;&#4661;&#4621;&#4613; &#4677;&#4648;&#4704;&#4813;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4619;&#4776; &#8212; &#4808;&#4899;&#4721; &#4936;&#4672;&#4848; &#4621;&#4705; &#4659;&#4616;</p><p><strong>&#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4658;&#4656;&#4901;</strong> &#8212; Philoctetes &#4658;&#4640;&#4675;&#4845; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721;&#4757; &#4616; Neoptolemus &#4656;&#4896; &#8212; &#8220;&#4773;&#4661;&#4781;&#4752;&#4675; &#4853;&#4648;&#4661; &#4896;&#4709;&#4677;&#4621;&#4765;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622;</p><p><strong>&#4808;&#4899;&#4721; &#4709;&#4731; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757;</strong> &#8212; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4704;&#4773;&#4865;&#4963; Philoctetes &#4720;&#4765;&#4727;&#4621; &#8212; &#4664;&#4669;&#4726; &#4618;&#4612;&#4853; &#4733;&#4622; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4614;&#4758;&#4637; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616;&#4637;</p><p><strong>&#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4721;</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4808;&#4848; Troy &#4621;&#4808;&#4661;&#4853;&#4613; &#4752;&#4813;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648; &#8212; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721;&#4757; Philoctetes &#4757; &#4632;&#4616;&#4656;&#4616;&#4725; &#8212; Odysseus &#4757; &#4938;&#4725; &#4616;&#4938;&#4725; &#4675;&#4808;&#4632;</p><p><strong>Hercules &#4776;&#4656;&#4635;&#4845; (deus ex machina)</strong> &#8212; &#4656;&#4813; &#4618;&#4936;&#4723;&#4813; &#4843;&#4621;&#4731;&#4616; &#4673;&#4661;&#4617; &#8212; &#4776;&#4656;&#4813; &#4824;&#4757;&#4853; &#4768;&#4845;&#4936;&#4808;&#4661;&#4637; &#8212; &#8220;&#4808;&#4848; Troy &#4610;&#4853;&#4964; &#4673;&#4661;&#4621;&#4613; &#4845;&#4936;&#4808;&#4659;&#4621;&#8221; &#4768;&#4616;</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 4 &#8212; &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;)</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>Philoctetes &#4840;&#4656;&#4619;&#4637; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4840;&#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725;?</strong> &#8212; &#4776;&#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4707;&#4667;&#4872;&#4653; &#8212; &#8220;&#4661;&#4757;&#4811;&#4875; &#4635;&#4757; &#4752;&#4757;?&#8221; &#4845;&#4896;&#4845;&#4675;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4877;&#4705; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4849;&#4757; &#4843;&#4928;&#4853;&#4675;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;?</strong> &#8212; Odysseus &#8220;&#4768;&#4814;&#8221; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621; &#8212; Neoptolemus &#8220;&#4768;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637;&#8221; &#8212; Sophocles Neoptolemus &#4757; &#4843;&#4776;&#4709;&#4648;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4677;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4640;&#4651;</strong> &#8212; Neoptolemus &#4672;&#4661;&#4721;&#4757; &#4658;&#4632;&#4621;&#4661; Philoctetes &#4808;&#4848; Troy &#4936;&#4675;&#4848;&#4763; &#4768;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752;&#4637; &#8212; &#4776;&#4677;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4707;&#4667;&#4872;&#4653; &#4845;&#4677;&#4653;&#4723; &#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4875;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4845;&#4677;&#4653;&#4723; &#4704;&#4725;&#4821;&#4827;&#4829;</strong> &#8212; Hercules &#4658;&#4755;&#4872;&#4653; Philoctetes &#4612;&#4848; &#8212; &#4776;&#4621;&#4709; &#4614;&#4758; &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4723;&#4829;&#4830;? &#8212; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4813; &#4781;&#4941;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>The Wound and the Bow (Edmund Wilson, 1941)</strong> &#8212; &#4673;&#4661;&#4617;&#4755; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4768;&#4845;&#4752;&#4899;&#4896;&#4617;&#4637; &#8212; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4779;&#4621;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4621;&#4781; &#4661;&#4902;&#4723;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4723;&#4872;&#4765;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>disability studies</strong> &#8212; Philoctetes &#4827;&#4652; &#4841;&#4754;&#4712;&#4653;&#4658;&#4722;&#4814;&#4733; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4673;&#4661;&#4616;&#4763; &#4656;&#4813; &#4896;&#4675;&#4634; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4656;&#4813; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4811;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>The Man in the Maze (Robert Silverberg, 1969)</strong> &#8212; &#4677;&#4866; &#8212; &#4808;&#4848; &#4782;&#4776;&#4710;&#4733; &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4830;&#4654; &#4843;&#4813; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#8212; &#8220;&#4813;&#4664;&#4725; &#4616;&#4704;&#4878; &#4819;&#4619;&#4635; &#4845;&#4936;&#4672;&#4851;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;?&#8221;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4843;&#4621;&#4720;&#4752;&#4872;&#4649; &#4752;&#4872;&#4654;&#4733;</strong></h3><ol><li><p>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4637; &#4723;&#4619;&#4619;&#4677; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4814;&#4733; &#8212; Aeschylus&#4963; Euripides (431 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.)&#4963; Sophocles (409 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#8212; Philoctetes &#4757; &#4925;&#4936;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721; &#4896;&#4941;&#4720;&#4811;&#4621;&#4964; &#4840; Sophocles &#4709;&#4731; &#4672;&#4648;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>Sophocles Philoctetes &#4757; &#4658;&#4925;&#4941; &#4824;&#4896;&#4755; &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; Dionysia &#4757; &#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763; &#4808;&#4899;&#4964; &#4669;&#4635;&#4877;&#4620; &#4808;&#4899;&#4726;&#4729;&#4757; &#4768;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4757; &#4677;&#4866;&#4814;&#4733; &#4843;&#4752;&#4923;&#4920;&#4648;&#4621;&#4757; Dio Chrysostom &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4651;&#4657; &#4720;&#4656;&#4854; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4663;&#4621; &#8212; &#4621;&#4781; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848; Philoctetes&#4962;</p></li><li><p>Sophocles Lemnos &#4757; &#4941;&#4921;&#4637; &#4707;&#4854; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4875;&#4725; &#8212; Euripides Philoctetes &#4757; &#4883;&#4848;&#4763; &#4656;&#4901;&#4726;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653; &#8212; &#4709;&#4728;&#4765;&#4752;&#4721; &#4840; Sophocles &#4936;&#4896;&#4651; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>Sophocles Diomedes &#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4808;&#4877;&#4854; Neoptolemus &#4757; &#4768;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707; &#8212; &#4840;&#4629;&#4618;&#4755; &#4725;&#4877;&#4617;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4941;&#4896;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4660;&#4725; &#4872;&#4920; &#4707;&#4629;&#4650; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4813; &#4709;&#4728;&#4763; &#4840; Sophocles &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#8212; &#4808;&#4757;&#4854;&#4733;&#4755; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725; &#4709;&#4731;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4725;&#4651;&#4868;&#4850; &#4614;&#4758; &#4635;&#4757;&#4637; &#4768;&#4845;&#4638;&#4725;&#4637; &#8212; &#4704;&#4936;&#4813;&#4661;&#4963; &#4821;&#4653;&#4677;&#4755; &#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4845;&#4896;&#4755;&#4672;&#4675;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>&#4673;&#4661;&#4617; &#4632;&#4899; Philoctetes &#4840; Chryse &#4677;&#4849;&#4661; &#4710;&#4723; &#4661;&#4616;&#4648;&#4872;&#4896; &#8212; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4672;&#4853;&#4638; &#4840; Apollo &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4901;&#4677;&#4662;&#4733;</strong></h2><blockquote><p>&#8220;&#4773;&#4756; &#4704;&#4720;&#4936;&#4901;&#4654;&#4844; &#4813;&#4664;&#4720;&#4763; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4609;&#4637; &#8212; &#4768;&#4707;&#4724;&#4637; &#4773;&#4757;&#4850;&#4609; &#4768;&#4621;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4637;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>Neoptolemus</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4776;&#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4721; &#4720;&#4616;&#4845;&#4726; &#4618;&#4640;&#4651; &#4845;&#4733;&#4619;&#4621;? &#4843;&#4616; &#4941;&#4725;&#4629; &#4840;&#4720;&#4872;&#4760; &#4853;&#4621;&#4661; &#4853;&#4621; &#4752;&#4813;?&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 1</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4673;&#4661;&#4617;&#4755; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721; &#4768;&#4845;&#4752;&#4899;&#4896;&#4617;&#4637; &#8212; &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4779;&#4621;&#4720;&#4672;&#4704;&#4621;&#4781; &#4661;&#4902;&#4723;&#4813;&#4757; &#4768;&#4723;&#4872;&#4765;&#4637;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; (Edmund Wilson &#4624;&#4659;&#4709;)</em></p><p>&#8220;&#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4864;&#4877;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#171;&#4768;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;&#4637;&#187; &#4635;&#4616;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; 3</em></p><p>&#8220;Sophocles &#4656;&#4845;&#4941; &#4659;&#4845;&#4632;&#4829; &#4666;&#4613; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725;&#4757; &#4824;&#4616;&#4672;&#4962;&#8221; &#8212; <em>&#4725;&#4877;&#4645;&#4725;</em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#4661;&#4638;&#4733;&#4755; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725;</strong></h2><h3><strong>&#4656;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Sophocles</strong> (~496&#8211;406 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#8212; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;&#4963; &#4808;&#4723;&#4848;&#4653; &#8212; &#8220;Philoctetes&#8221; ~409 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Philoctetes</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Hercules &#4672;&#4661;&#4725; &#4707;&#4616;&#4708;&#4725; &#8212; &#4768;&#4645;&#4653; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; Lemnos &#4709;&#4731; &#4758;&#4655;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>Neoptolemus</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Achilles &#4621;&#4869; &#8212; &#4629;&#4618;&#4755;&#4757; &#4776; Odysseus &#4661;&#4621;&#4725; &#4938;&#4725; &#4843;&#4678;&#4632; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Odysseus</strong> &#8212; &#4709;&#4621;&#4609; &#4768;&#4827;&#4837; &#8212; &#8220;&#4877;&#4705; &#4632;&#4757;&#4872;&#4849;&#4757; &#4843;&#4928;&#4853;&#4675;&#4621;&#8221; &#4843;&#4637;&#4755;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>Hercules</strong> &#8212; &#4672;&#4661;&#4721;&#4757; &#4616; Philoctetes &#4840;&#4656;&#4896; &#8212; &#4638;&#4726; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4614;&#4758; &#4808;&#4653;&#4854; &#4821;&#4653;&#4677; &#4768;&#4848;&#4648;&#4656;</p></li><li><p><strong>Pericles</strong> (~495&#8211;429 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#8212; Athens &#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4843;&#4661;&#4872;&#4707; &#8212; &#4808;&#4648;&#4653;&#4669;&#4765; &#4638;&#4720;</p></li><li><p><strong>Alcibiades</strong> (~450&#8211;404 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#8212; Pericles &#4843;&#4659;&#4848;&#4872;&#4813; &#8212; Athens &#4757; &#4808;&#4848; Sicily &#4824;&#4637;&#4726; &#4776;&#4851;</p></li><li><p><strong>Achilles</strong> &#8212; &#4840; Neoptolemus &#4768;&#4707;&#4725; &#8212; &#4638;&#4726; &#4658;&#4672;&#4653; Neoptolemus &#4720;&#4896;&#4651;</p></li><li><p><strong>Dio Chrysostom</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4808;&#4653;&#4677; &#4768;&#4941;&#8221; &#8212; &#4646;&#4661;&#4721;&#4757; Philoctetes &#4677;&#4866;&#4814;&#4733; &#4843;&#4752;&#4923;&#4920;&#4648; &#8212; &#4651;&#4657; &#4720;&#4656;&#4854; &#4720;&#4632;&#4621;&#4662; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>Edmund Wilson</strong> (1895&#8211;1972) &#8212; &#8220;The Wound and the Bow&#8221; (1941) &#4925;&#4624;&#4938;</p></li><li><p><strong>Robert Silverberg</strong> &#8212; &#8220;The Man in the Maze&#8221; (1969) &#4848;&#4651;&#4658;</p></li><li><p><strong>Rupert Brooke</strong> (1887&#8211;1915) &#8212; Homer &#4757; &#4768;&#4901;&#4757;&#4726; Gallipoli &#4843;&#4616;&#4936; &#4808;&#4899;&#4725; &#4920;&#4624;&#4938;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4710;&#4723;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Lemnos</strong> &#8212; &#4707;&#4854; &#4848;&#4660;&#4725; &#8212; Philoctetes &#4768;&#4645;&#4653; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4840;&#4678;&#4840;&#4704;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>Troy</strong> &#8212; &#4768;&#4645;&#4653; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4840;&#4936;&#4864; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4710;&#4723;</p></li><li><p><strong>Athens / Attica</strong> &#8212; Sophocles &#4843;&#4848;&#4872;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#4852;&#4638;&#4781;&#4651;&#4658; &#4640;&#4653;&#4726; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4808;&#4848;&#4672;</p></li><li><p><strong>Sicily</strong> &#8212; Athens &#4725;&#4621;&#4673; &#4661;&#4613;&#4720;&#4725; (415 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#8212; Alcibiades &#4768;&#4659;&#4637;&#4759;&#4725; &#4640;&#4651;&#4810;&#4727; &#4896;&#4939;</p></li><li><p><strong>Colonus</strong> &#8212; Sophocles &#4840;&#4720;&#4808;&#4616;&#4848;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#4776; Athens &#4677;&#4653;&#4709;</p></li><li><p><strong>Gallipoli</strong> &#8212; Rupert Brooke &#4843;&#4616;&#4936;&#4704;&#4725; &#8212; &#8220;&#4808;&#4848; Lemnos&#8221; &#4824;&#4637;&#4726; &#4638;&#4720;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>&#4675;&#4619;&#4725;&#4755; &#4933;&#4757;&#4656; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4733;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>deus ex machina</strong> &#8212; &#8220;&#4776;&#4632;&#4643;&#4650;&#4843; &#4840;&#4634;&#4808;&#4653;&#4853; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781;&#8221; &#8212; &#4656;&#4813; &#4843;&#4621;&#4936;&#4723;&#4813;&#4757; &#4733;&#4877;&#4653; &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4658;&#4936;&#4723;</p></li><li><p><strong>Peloponnesian War</strong> &#8212; Athens vs. Sparta (431&#8211;404 &#4819;.&#4677;.&#4819;.) &#8212; &#4611;&#4843; &#4656;&#4707;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725;</p></li><li><p><strong>The Wound and the Bow</strong> &#8212; Wilson 1941 &#8212; &#4673;&#4661;&#4617;&#4755; &#4661;&#4902;&#4723;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4752;&#4899;&#4896;&#4617;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>disability studies</strong> &#8212; &#4824;&#4632;&#4755;&#4810; &#4840;&#4841;&#4754;&#4712;&#4653;&#4658;&#4722; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; &#8212; Philoctetes &#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4925;&#4625;&#4941; &#4614;&#4759;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>kleos</strong> &#8212; &#4829;&#4755;&#4755; &#4781;&#4709;&#4653; &#8212; &#4808;&#4899;&#4726;&#4733; &#4808;&#4848; Troy &#4616;&#4826;&#4613; &#4845;&#4654;&#4897; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;</p></li><li><p><strong>Dionysia</strong> &#8212; Athens &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4810; &#4720;&#4813;&#4756;&#4725; &#4813;&#4853;&#4853;&#4653; &#8212; Sophocles &#4709;&#4825; &#4874;&#4828; &#4768;&#4664;&#4752;&#4936;</p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Great Books - Brave New World (English Episode)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Aldous Huxley: Brave New World]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/aldous-huxley-brave-new-world-english</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/aldous-huxley-brave-new-world-english</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 03:24:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/203788254/b0b237ce85e852fe66d5f5fab5fce7b1.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Aldous Huxley published <em>Brave New World</em> in 1932, and nearly a century later, it reads less like a novel and more like a dispatch from the near future. This episode covers the book in four parts: Huxley&#8217;s life and the world that shaped him; a scene-by-scene narration of the story; a thematic deep dive; and a conversation between Dawit and Tigist about what it all means today.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://amzn.to/4vBoVN5" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bGE6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5642d66-908e-47b3-94ec-1ad149d23d00_250x375.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bGE6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5642d66-908e-47b3-94ec-1ad149d23d00_250x375.jpeg 848w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><div><hr></div><p></p><h3><strong>Part 1, Introduction</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Huxley&#8217;s family</strong>: Grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley (&#8221;Darwin&#8217;s Bulldog&#8221;), brother of biologist Julian Huxley. Another brother, Trevenen, died by suicide, the family carried both scientific greatness and deep private grief.</p></li><li><p><strong>Blindness at 16</strong>: Keratitis robbed him of his sight for nearly two years, closing the path to medicine and turning him toward writing. That early experience of not seeing shaped his lifelong obsession: <em>what do people choose not to see?</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Career arc</strong>: <em>Crome Yellow</em> (1921) &#8594; <em>Antic Hay</em> (1923) &#8594; <em>Point Counter Point</em> (1928) &#8594; <em>Brave New World</em> (1932) &#8594; <em>Eyeless in Gaza</em> (1936) &#8594; <em>After Many a Summer</em> (1939) &#8594; <em>The Doors of Perception</em> (1954) &#8594; <em>Brave New World Revisited</em> (1958) &#8594; <em>Island</em> (1962)</p></li><li><p><strong>Henry Ford as god</strong>: In the novel, time is counted from &#8220;the year of Our Ford.&#8221; Ford&#8217;s assembly line didn&#8217;t just reshape manufacturing, it offered a philosophy: humans as interchangeable components, happiness engineered through constant work and distraction.</p></li><li><p><strong>Eugenics</strong>: In the 1920s&#8211;30s eugenics was mainstream science, not fringe ideology. Britain&#8217;s Eugenics Society, Francis Galton (Darwin&#8217;s cousin), and the US Supreme Court&#8217;s <em>Buck v. Bell</em> (1927) ruling, which permitted forced sterilization, were the backdrop. Huxley&#8217;s Alpha/Beta/Gamma/Delta/Epsilon caste system is a direct satirical mirror of that thinking.</p></li><li><p><strong>The &#8220;docile working class&#8221; fantasy</strong>: Churchill-era governing-class anxieties about labour unrest fed a dream of a permanently compliant workforce. The Bokanovsky Process (one egg &#8594; 96 identical workers) is Huxley&#8217;s grotesque answer to that fantasy.</p></li><li><p><strong>Soma</strong>: Huxley was fascinated by psychotropics his whole life, mescaline (1953), LSD on his deathbed (1963). Soma in <em>BNW</em> is &#8220;Christianity and alcohol without the side effects&#8221;, a pill that makes suffering disappear. His question: if suffering disappears, does the person disappear too?</p></li><li><p><strong>Huxley vs. H.G. Wells</strong>: Wells believed science would save humanity. Huxley replied: a <em>perfect</em> world built on science is the most terrifying world imaginable.</p></li><li><p><strong>Huxley vs. Orwell</strong>: Orwell&#8217;s <em>1984</em> says people are controlled through pain and fear. Huxley says the more insidious control is through pleasure, people too content to ask questions.</p></li><li><p><strong>The title</strong>: Miranda&#8217;s line from Shakespeare&#8217;s <em>The Tempest</em>, &#8220;O brave new world, that has such people in&#8217;t!&#8221;, spoken in innocent wonder about a world full of deceivers. Huxley loaded that irony deliberately.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Part 2, The Story</strong></h3><p>A scene-by-scene narration of <em>Brave New World</em>, following the novel&#8217;s main arc:</p><ol><li><p><strong>The Hatchery</strong> (Ch. 1&#8211;3): The Director tours the Central London Hatchery, Bokanovsky Process, Podsnap&#8217;s Technique, conditioning chambers where infants are trained to fear books and flowers via electric shocks, Hypnop&#230;dia (&#8221;Everybody belongs to everybody else&#8221;).</p></li><li><p><strong>The world in motion</strong> (Ch. 3): Lenina and Fanny&#8217;s conversation; Bernard Marx brooding at the margins; Mustapha Mond&#8217;s hint that he knows what&#8217;s been lost.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Reservation</strong> (Ch. 6&#8211;7): Bernard takes Lenina to a Savage Reservation, real dirt, real age, snake dances, a woman giving birth. The contrast is visceral.</p></li><li><p><strong>Linda and John</strong> (Ch. 7&#8211;8): Linda, fat, soma-addicted, left behind by the Director years ago. John, raised on Shakespeare and isolation, belonging nowhere. He quotes Miranda&#8217;s line for the first time, meaning it genuinely.</p></li><li><p><strong>London</strong> (Ch. 9&#8211;11): John arrives to instant celebrity. The Director is publicly humiliated. Bernard briefly tastes fame, and is corrupted by it.</p></li><li><p><strong>The soma riot and Linda&#8217;s death</strong> (Ch. 15&#8211;16): Linda dies of a soma overdose. John hurls the Deltas&#8217; soma out a window, &#8220;Are you slaves?&#8221; Helmholtz joins him. Bernard watches.</p></li><li><p><strong>John before Mustapha Mond</strong> (Ch. 16&#8211;17): The moral heart of the novel. John demands the right to be unhappy. &#8220;I&#8217;m claiming the right to be miserable.&#8221; Mond answers calmly, and isn&#8217;t entirely wrong.</p></li><li><p><strong>The lighthouse</strong> (Ch. 18): John retreats. Journalists come, then tourists. An orgy. John hangs himself. The world continues.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Part 3, Analysis</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Freedom vs. happiness</strong>: Mustapha Mond&#8217;s argument isn&#8217;t stupid, stability bought by sacrificing freedom produces a genuinely content society. Huxley&#8217;s counter: that contentment is indistinguishable from the erasure of the self.</p></li><li><p><strong>Conditioning and identity</strong>: Bernard was made slightly wrong; Helmholtz was made too well. Neither can function inside the system <em>or</em> outside it. Huxley&#8217;s point: identity requires the freedom to fail.</p></li><li><p><strong>Consumerism</strong>: Ford&#8217;s maxim, &#8220;ending is better than mending&#8221;, is the World State&#8217;s scripture. Throwing away the old, buying the new, is social stability by design.</p></li><li><p><strong>The abolition of family</strong>: &#8220;Mother,&#8221; &#8220;father&#8221; are obscenities. Children come from bottles. Without family, there is no one to teach you what it feels like to be loved imperfectly and unconditionally, and John is the only person in the novel who knows.</p></li><li><p><strong>Art requires suffering</strong>: Shakespeare is locked in Mustapha Mond&#8217;s cabinet, not burned. He&#8217;s too dangerous, not irrelevant. Huxley&#8217;s argument: real art is only possible where real suffering exists.</p></li><li><p><strong>Soft dystopia</strong>: <em>BNW</em> is the first major soft dystopia, control through pleasure, not pain. Huxley wrote to Orwell after <em>1984</em> came out: &#8220;I believe my version is closer to the truth. The lust for power will be satisfied through conditioning, not by force.&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Reception</strong>: Wells called it &#8220;a betrayal of literature.&#8221; Ireland and Australia banned it. Today: 15+ million copies sold, taught in schools worldwide.</p></li><li><p><strong>Shakespeare as spine</strong>: The title is <em>The Tempest</em>. John&#8217;s arc echoes Prospero and Ferdinand. His relationship with Lenina mirrors <em>Romeo and Juliet</em> and <em>Othello</em>. &#8220;To be or not to be&#8221; ends in the lighthouse.</p></li><li><p><strong>BNW Revisited (1958)</strong>: Huxley reassessed, the world was moving faster than he&#8217;d expected. Propaganda, advertising, pharmaceutical pacification, all closer than he&#8217;d imagined.</p></li><li><p><strong>Island (1962)</strong>: His final novel, the utopian mirror of <em>BNW</em>. Pala uses &#8220;moksha-medicine&#8221; (psychedelics, consciously taken), not to numb, but to open. Huxley never entirely gave up.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Part 4, Discussion (Dawit &amp; Tigist)</strong></h3><p><strong>Modern relevance</strong></p><ul><li><p>Infinite scroll and algorithmic dopamine engineering as soma</p></li><li><p>Social media platforms designed to produce compulsive engagement, not enlightenment</p></li><li><p>CRISPR and He Jiankui (2018): the technology for designer babies is already here; only the ethics are lagging</p></li><li><p>China&#8217;s Social Credit System as soft Bokanovsky, no prison, but movement and opportunity restricted</p></li></ul><p><strong>The bad science of eugenics</strong></p><ul><li><p>Intelligence is <strong>polygenic</strong>: thousands of genes, each with tiny effects. &#8220;Alpha genes&#8221; don&#8217;t exist.</p></li><li><p><strong>Gene-environment interaction</strong>: even ideal genes need nutrition, safety, and education to express</p></li><li><p><strong>The Flynn Effect</strong>: global IQ scores rose ~30 points over the 20th century, not because genes changed, but because nutrition, education, and reduced environmental toxins improved. Genes didn&#8217;t move; conditions did.</p></li><li><p><strong>Regression to the mean</strong>: brilliant parents don&#8217;t reliably produce brilliant children. Designer babies are far more complicated than Huxley&#8217;s fictional science suggests, and Huxley knew it. Bokanovsky is satire, not blueprint.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Lesser-known facts</strong></p><ul><li><p>Huxley wrote <em>Brave New World</em> in <strong>four months</strong> (1931, Italy)</p></li><li><p><strong>Bernard Marx</strong> = Bernard Shaw (socialist playwright who went quiet when comfortable) + Karl Marx (radical critic who generated systems that crushed freedom)</p></li><li><p><strong>Helmholtz</strong> = Hermann von Helmholtz, 19th-century German physicist who studied wave propagation, Helmholtz Watson has the <em>power</em> of language but lacks the lived experience to fill it</p></li><li><p>Huxley died <strong>November 22, 1963</strong>, the same day as JFK. His death went almost unreported.</p></li><li><p>Huxley took LSD on his deathbed, lucid and deliberate, the opposite of soma</p></li></ul><p><strong>Huxley&#8217;s idealism</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>The Perennial Philosophy</em> (1945): across Sufism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Christian mysticism, Huxley found a common thread, direct inner experience of the divine. When modernity erases that, something essential in human beings goes with it.</p></li><li><p><em>The Doors of Perception</em> (1954): the brain has a &#8220;reducing valve&#8221;, it filters out most of reality so we can function. Mescaline lowers the valve. His question: is &#8220;normal&#8221; perception actually a narrow prison?</p></li><li><p>The soma vs. mescaline distinction: soma anesthetizes, it points <em>away</em> from life. Mescaline, for Huxley, expanded consciousness, it pointed <em>deeper into</em> life. Same category (psychoactive substance), opposite direction.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Closing question for listeners</strong>: <em>Soma &#4757; &#4725;&#4808;&#4661;&#4851;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;? &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4725;&#4675;&#4808;&#4635;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;? &#4808;&#4845;&#4661;, &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4768;&#4616;&#4757;?</em> (&#8221;Will you take the soma? Or refuse it? Or, is there a third choice?&#8221;)</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Referenced Works</strong></h3><p><strong>By Huxley</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>Crome Yellow</em> (1921)</p></li><li><p><em>Antic Hay</em> (1923)</p></li><li><p><em>Point Counter Point</em> (1928)</p></li><li><p><em>Brave New World</em> (1932)</p></li><li><p><em>Eyeless in Gaza</em> (1936)</p></li><li><p><em>After Many a Summer</em> (1939)</p></li><li><p><em>The Doors of Perception</em> (1954)</p></li><li><p><em>Brave New World Revisited</em> (1958)</p></li><li><p><em>The Perennial Philosophy</em> (1945)</p></li><li><p><em>Island</em> (1962)</p></li></ul><p><strong>Context and comparison</strong></p><ul><li><p>George Orwell, <em>Nineteen Eighty-Four</em> (1949)</p></li><li><p>H.G. Wells, <em>The Shape of Things to Come</em> (1933)</p></li><li><p>Shakespeare, <em>The Tempest</em> &#183; <em>Romeo and Juliet</em> &#183; <em>Othello</em> &#183; <em>Hamlet</em></p></li><li><p>William Blake, <em>The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</em> (source of &#8220;doors of perception&#8221;)</p></li><li><p><em>Buck v. Bell</em>, US Supreme Court (1927)</p></li><li><p>James Flynn, Flynn Effect research</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p><em>&#4723;&#4619;&#4619;&#4677; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725; (Great Books) is produced in Amharic. New episodes on great works of world literature, stories, analysis, and conversation.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ታላላቅ መጻሕፍት - Aldous Huxley: Brave New World (አማርኛ)]]></title><description><![CDATA["I'm claiming the right to be unhappy." &#8212; "&#4616;&#4635;&#4824;&#4757;&#4963; &#4616;&#4624;&#4824;&#4757;&#4963; &#4638;&#4724;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4896;&#4704;&#4677; &#8212; &#4843; &#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4756; &#4632;&#4709;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;"]]></description><link>https://www.zeresew.com/p/aldous-huxley-brave-new-world</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.zeresew.com/p/aldous-huxley-brave-new-world</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[ZereSew]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 05 Jul 2026 02:38:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/203789061/73895e088cef459e7860befef7cdc1fe.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>&#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; 18<br></strong><br>Aldous Huxley <em>Brave New World</em> &#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4720;&#4632;&#4813; &#4704; 1932 &#4752;&#4813;, &#4776;&#4824;&#4896;&#4755; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4843;&#4616;&#4672; &#4621;&#4709; &#4808;&#4616;&#4853; &#4614;&#4758; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4672;&#4899;&#4841; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4621;&#4781; &#4848;&#4709;&#4851;&#4708; &#4614;&#4758; &#4827;&#4652;&#4637; &#4843;&#4752;&#4675;&#4755;&#4621;&#4962; &#4845;&#4613; &#4829;&#4877;&#4869;&#4725; &#4632;&#4925;&#4624;&#4937;&#4757; &#4704;&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4781;&#4941;&#4622;&#4733; &#4843;&#4672;&#4653;&#4707;&#4621; &#4723;&#4650;&#4777;&#4757; &#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4721; &#4720;&#4848;&#4637;&#4678; &#4661;&#4755;&#4848;&#4637;&#4901; &#4637;&#4653;&#4901; &#4840;&#4634;&#4614;&#4753; &#4725;&#4821;&#4845;&#4757;&#4726;&#4733; &#4904;&#4637;&#4654; &#4720;&#4824;&#4653;&#4829;&#4654; &#4672;&#4653;&#4711;&#4621;&#4964; &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4811;&#4755; &#4624;&#4659;&#4710;&#4729;&#4757; &#4845;&#4720;&#4752;&#4725;&#4755;&#4621;&#4964; &#4851;&#4810;&#4725;&#4755; &#4725;&#4821;&#4877;&#4661;&#4725; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4827;&#4652; &#4845;&#4613; &#4609;&#4617; &#4637;&#4757; &#4725;&#4653;&#4873;&#4637; &#4845;&#4656;&#4896;&#4755;&#4621; &#4709;&#4616;&#4813; &#4845;&#4808;&#4843;&#4843;&#4617;&#4962;</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853;, &#4632;&#4877;&#4706;&#4843; (&#4811;&#4755; &#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4650;)</strong></h3><blockquote><p>&#4704; 16 &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4819;&#4845;&#4753; &#4904;&#4616;&#4632;&#4962; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4637;&#4757; &#4619;&#4616;&#4635;&#4840;&#4725; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4632;&#4653;&#4897; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721;&#4757; &#4633;&#4617; &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;&#4962;</p></blockquote><ul><li><p><strong>&#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4705;</strong>: &#4768;&#4843;&#4721; Thomas Henry Huxley, &#8220;Darwin&#8217;s Bulldog&#8221;, &#4840;&#4829;&#4877;&#4632;&#4720; &#4616;&#4813;&#4901; &#4757;&#4853;&#4936; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4811;&#4755; &#4720;&#4776;&#4619;&#4779;&#4845; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4633; Julian &#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4722;&#4661;&#4725; &#4614;&#4752;&#4964; &#4620;&#4619;&#4763;&#4813; &#4808;&#4757;&#4853;&#4633; Trevenen &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; depression &#4757; &#4664;&#4669;&#4726; &#4773;&#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4896;&#4939;&#4962; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4705; &#4840;&#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4661; &#4776;&#4941;&#4723;&#4755; &#4840;&#4656;&#4813; &#4621;&#4869; &#4901;&#4621;&#4677; &#4904;&#4616;&#4635; &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4757; &#4843;&#4808;&#4672; &#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4709; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4816;&#4845;&#4752; &#4661;&#4813;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725;</strong>: &#4704; 16 &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; Keratitis &#4819;&#4845;&#4758;&#4729;&#4757; &#4768;&#4904;&#4616;&#4635;, &#4624;&#4778;&#4637; &#4618;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813; &#4629;&#4621;&#4633; &#4824;&#4875;&#4963; &#4808;&#4848; &#4675;&#4619;&#4725; &#4830;&#4648;&#4962; &#4843; &#4621;&#4637;&#4853; &#4673;&#4621;&#4941; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4936;&#4896;&#4648;&#4966; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4635;&#4840;&#4725; &#4658;&#4936;&#4621;&#4873; &#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4841;&#4811;&#4617;? &#4635;&#4840;&#4725; &#4658;&#4666;&#4937;&#4661;?</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4645;&#4651;&#4814;&#4729;</strong>: <em>Crome Yellow</em> (1921) &#8594; <em>Brave New World</em> (1932) &#8594; <em>The Doors of Perception</em> (1954) &#8594; <em>Brave New World Revisited</em> (1958) &#8594; <em>Island</em> (1962), &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721; &#4633;&#4617; &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676; &#4658;&#4896;&#4845;&#4677; &#4758;&#4648;&#4966; &#8220;&#4656;&#4813;&#4963; &#4656;&#4813; &#4614;&#4758; &#4616;&#4632;&#4758;&#4653; &#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4872;&#4811;&#4621;?&#8221;</p></li><li><p><strong>Henry Ford, &#4768;&#4637;&#4619;&#4781; &#4614;&#4752;</strong>: &#4704; <em>BNW</em> &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4874;&#4828; &#8220;A.F.&#8221;, &#8220;After Ford&#8221;, &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4845;&#4678;&#4896;&#4651;&#4621;&#4962; Ford &#4939;&#4709;&#4650;&#4779; &#4640;&#4640;&#4651; &#4709;&#4731; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4941;&#4621;&#4661;&#4941;&#4755;&#4637; &#4768;&#4632;&#4899;, &#4656;&#4813; &#4635;&#4669;&#4757; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4720;&#4667;&#4616; &#4752;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4616;&#4813;&#4757; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Eugenics</strong>: &#4704; 1920&#4814;&#4729;&#8211;30&#4814;&#4729; Eugenics &#4840;&#4851;&#4653; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4811;&#4752;&#4763; &#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4661; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;, &#4709;&#4650;&#4723;&#4757;&#4843; Eugenics Society &#4752;&#4704;&#4651;&#4725;&#4964; &#4841;&#4755;&#4845;&#4725;&#4853; &#4661;&#4724;&#4725;&#4661; <em>Buck v. Bell</em> (1927) &#4813;&#4659;&#4756; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4843;&#4616;&#4936;&#4675;&#4851;&#4728;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4851;&#4845;&#4808;&#4621;&#4849; &#4936;&#4672;&#4848;&#4962; Huxley Alpha/Beta/Gamma/Delta/Epsilon &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4656;&#4651;&#4728;&#4813; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4726;&#4729;, &#4843; &#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4661; &#4941;&#4929;&#4637; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4840;&#4634;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648;&#4813; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4940;&#4829; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;&#4723;&#4827;&#4837; &#4640;&#4651;&#4720;&#4763;&#8221; &#4629;&#4621;&#4637;</strong>: &#4840; Churchill &#4824;&#4632;&#4757; &#4608;&#4709;&#4723;&#4638;&#4733; &#4768;&#4853;&#4635; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725;&#4963; &#4673;&#4899; &#4840;&#4620;&#4616;&#4704;&#4725; &#4640;&#4651;&#4720;&#4763; &#4843;&#4621;&#4633; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;, Bokanovsky Process (&#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4773;&#4757;&#4673;&#4619;&#4621; &#4824;&#4896;&#4755; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4640;&#4651;&#4720;&#4766;&#4733;) &#4843; &#4629;&#4621;&#4637; &#4941;&#4929;&#4637; &#4658;&#4614;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757; &#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4709;&#4622; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4637;&#4619;&#4669; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>soma</strong>: Huxley mescaline (1953) &#4773;&#4755; LSD (&#4704;&#4638;&#4721; &#4821;&#4616;&#4725;) &#4808;&#4656;&#4848;, &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721; &#4633;&#4617; &#4661;&#4616; &#4821;&#4933; &#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4659;&#4810; &#4941;&#4619;&#4878;&#4725; &#4752;&#4704;&#4648;&#4813;&#4962; soma &#8220;&#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4725;&#4755;&#4755; &#4768;&#4621;&#4782;&#4614;&#4621; &#4843;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4901;&#4677;&#4637; &#4609;&#4617;, &#4637;&#4757;&#4637; &#4819;&#4845;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4878;&#4757;&#4846;&#4669; &#4873;&#4851;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4758;&#4653;&#8221; &#4720;&#4709;&#4622; &#4720;&#4925;&#4943;&#4621;&#4962; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;&#4813;, &#4661;&#4675;&#4845; &#4658;&#4896;&#4939; &#4656;&#4813; &#4651;&#4657; &#4845;&#4896;&#4939; &#4845;&#4614;&#4757;?</p></li><li><p><strong>Huxley vs. Orwell</strong>: Orwell &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4704;&#4941;&#4653;&#4611;&#4725; &#4845;&#4678;&#4899;&#4896;&#4651;&#4617; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;, Huxley &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4656;&#4814;&#4733; &#4936;&#4653;&#4720;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4723;&#4824;&#4825;&#4725;&#4963; &#4609;&#4621;&#4874;&#4828; &#4848;&#4661; &#4661;&#4616;&#4634;&#4619;&#4728;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;, &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4773;&#4813;&#4752;&#4725; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;, &#4877;&#4757; &#4840; Huxley &#4813; &#4827;&#4652; &#4677;&#4653;&#4705; &#4845;&#4632;&#4661;&#4619;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4653;&#4821;&#4657;</strong>: &#4776; Shakespeare <em>The Tempest</em>, Miranda &#4819;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4874;&#4828; &#4661;&#4723;&#4845; &#4848;&#4661; &#4709;&#4623;&#4725; &#4910;&#4792;&#4733;, &#8220;O brave new world!&#8221;, &#4843; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4877;&#4757; &#4781;&#4937;&#4814;&#4733; &#4661;&#4616;&#4638;&#4617;&#4704;&#4725; Huxley &#4825;&#4650;&#4843; &#4825;&#4649; &#4843;&#4757; &#4624;&#4659;&#4672; &#4653;&#4821;&#4661; &#4614;&#4757; &#4709;&#4622; &#4632;&#4648;&#4896;&#4962;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h3><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725;, &#4723;&#4650;&#4777; (&#4811;&#4755; &#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4650;)</strong></h3><blockquote><p>&#4941;&#4921;&#4637; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4902;&#4653;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4963; &#4629;&#4632;&#4637; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4963; &#4709;&#4728;&#4765;&#4752;&#4725; &#4840;&#4616;&#4637;&#4962; &#4723;&#4850;&#4843; John &#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4773;&#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4896;&#4939;?</p></blockquote><p>&#4621;&#4709; &#4808;&#4616;&#4849;&#4757; &#4853;&#4653;&#4874;&#4726;&#4729; &#4720;&#4848;&#4637;&#4672;&#4813; &#4658;&#4672;&#4653;&#4705;&#4966;</p><ol><li><p><strong>&#4840;&#4656;&#4813; &#4621;&#4869; &#4939;&#4709;&#4650;&#4779;</strong> (&#4637;&#4821;. 1&#8211;3): Bokanovsky Process, &#4772;&#4620;&#4781;&#4725;&#4650;&#4781; &#4616;&#4629;&#4931;&#4755;&#4725;, &#8220;Everybody belongs to everybody else&#8221;, Hypnop&#230;dia</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4819;&#4616;&#4633; &#4658;&#4640;&#4651;</strong> (&#4637;&#4821;. 3): Lenina&#4963; Bernard Marx&#4963; Mustapha Mond &#4634;&#4661;&#4901;&#4649; &#4658;&#4664;&#4936;&#4757;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4808;&#4848; Reservation</strong> (&#4637;&#4821;. 6&#8211;7): Bernard Lenina &#4757; &#4808;&#4656;&#4851;&#4725;, &#4669;&#4726;&#4963; &#4821;&#4853;&#4636;&#4963; &#4720;&#4936;&#4901;&#4655;&#4810; &#4808;&#4618;&#4853;, &#4853;&#4757;&#4875;&#4900;</p></li><li><p><strong>Linda &#4773;&#4755; John</strong> (&#4637;&#4821;. 7&#8211;8): Linda, soma &#4779;&#4848;&#4963; &#4851;&#4845;&#4652;&#4781;&#4720;&#4649; &#4725;&#4727;&#4725; &#4612;&#4855;&#4621;, John, Shakespeare &#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4621;, Miranda &#4675;&#4623;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4864;&#4632;&#4650;&#4843; &#4874;&#4828; &#4941;&#4677;&#4653; &#4638;&#4621;&#4726; &#4720;&#4755;&#4872;&#4648;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4616;&#4757;&#4848;&#4757;</strong> (&#4637;&#4821;. 9&#8211;11): &#4851;&#4845;&#4652;&#4781;&#4720;&#4649; &#4938;&#4721; &#4939;&#4664;, Bernard &#4829;&#4755; &#4672;&#4637;&#4662; &#4720;&#4704;&#4776;&#4616;, John &#4936;&#4675;&#4848;&#4763; &#4618;&#4614;&#4757; &#4936;&#4675;&#4848;&#4763; &#4768;&#4621;&#4614;&#4752;&#4637;</p></li><li><p><strong>soma riot &#4773;&#4755; Linda</strong> (&#4637;&#4821;. 15&#8211;16): Linda soma &#4720;&#4709;&#4899; &#4638;&#4720;&#4733;, John soma &#4808;&#4653;&#4813;&#4654; &#8220;&#4707;&#4650;&#4843;&#4814;&#4733; &#4755;&#4733;&#4609;?&#8221; &#4768;&#4616;, Helmholtz &#4720;&#4672;&#4619;&#4672;&#4616;, Bernard &#4678;&#4638; &#4768;&#4840;</p></li><li><p><strong>John vs. Mustapha Mond</strong> (&#4637;&#4821;. 16&#8211;17): &#8220;&#4616;&#4635;&#4824;&#4757;&#4963; &#4616;&#4632;&#4678;&#4899;&#4725;&#4963; &#4638;&#4721;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4896;&#4704;&#4677;, &#4843; &#4609;&#4617; &#4840;&#4756; &#4632;&#4709;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813;, &#4848;&#4661;&#4723; &#4706;&#4843;&#4637;&#4653; &#4621;&#4664;&#4669;&#4962;&#8221; Mond &#4936;&#4872;&#4877; &#4709;&#4622; &#4656;&#4896;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Lighthouse</strong> (&#4637;&#4821;. 18): John &#4664;&#4664;, &#4875;&#4828;&#4896;&#4766;&#4733; &#4720;&#4776;&#4720;&#4617;, &#4721;&#4650;&#4661;&#4726;&#4733; &#4720;&#4776;&#4720;&#4617;, John &#4773;&#4651;&#4657;&#4757; &#4768;&#4896;&#4939;, &#4819;&#4616;&#4633; &#4672;&#4896;&#4616;&#4962;</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h3><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4646;&#4661;&#4725;, &#4725;&#4757;&#4723;&#4756; (&#4811;&#4755; &#4720;&#4755;&#4875;&#4650;)</strong></h3><blockquote><p>Orwell &#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4704;&#4629;&#4632;&#4637; &#4845;&#4678;&#4899;&#4896;&#4651;&#4617; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; Huxley &#4848;&#4661;&#4723; &#4840;&#4704;&#4616;&#4896; &#4672;&#4621;&#4899;&#4939; &#4752;&#4813; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962;</p></blockquote><ul><li><p><strong>&#4848;&#4661;&#4723; &#4843;&#4616; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725;</strong>: Mustapha Mond &#4843;&#4661;&#4648;&#4851;&#4813; &#4624;&#4659;&#4709; &#4709;&#4621;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813;, &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725; &#4661;&#4675;&#4845; &#4843;&#4661;&#4776;&#4941;&#4619;&#4621;, &#4629;&#4829;&#4705; &#4848;&#4661; &#4845;&#4619;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962; Huxley &#4637;&#4619;&#4665;, &#4843; &#4848;&#4661;&#4723; &#4656;&#4809;&#4757; &#4779;&#4896;&#4939; &#4637;&#4757; &#4811;&#4875; &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;?</p></li><li><p><strong>Conditioning &#4773;&#4755; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725;</strong>: Bernard &#4720;&#4659;&#4661;&#4726; &#4720;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648;&#4964; Helmholtz &#4941;&#4929;&#4637; &#4614;&#4758; &#4720;&#4936;&#4896;&#4648;, &#4609;&#4616;&#4721;&#4637; &#4819;&#4616;&#4633; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4618;&#4661;&#4635;&#4633; &#4768;&#4621;&#4731;&#4617;&#4637;&#4962; &#4635;&#4757;&#4752;&#4725; &#4618;&#4936;&#4896;&#4653; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4721; &#4781;&#4941;&#4720;&#4725; &#4618;&#4936;&#4677;&#4853; &#4845;&#4872;&#4707;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Consumerism</strong>: &#8220;&#4768;&#4654;&#4876;&#4813;&#4757; &#4635;&#4661;&#4720;&#4779;&#4776;&#4621; &#4776;&#4901;&#4677;&#4637; &#4853;&#4654;&#4729; &#4768;&#4850;&#4657;&#4757; &#4632;&#4877;&#4827;&#4725; &#4845;&#4667;&#4619;&#4621;&#8221;, &#4661;&#4621;&#4779;&#4733;&#4757; &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4721; &#4658;&#4638;&#4619; &#8220;&#4848;&#4779;&#4635; &#4614;&#4752;&#8221; &#4709;&#4616;&#4757; &#4659;&#4755;&#4677; &#4768;&#4850;&#4657;&#4757; &#4661;&#4757;&#4672;&#4941;, &#4843; &#4827;&#4652; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4708;&#4720;&#4656;&#4709; &#4658;&#4896;&#4939;</strong>: John &#4709;&#4731; &#4752;&#4813; &#4629;&#4633;&#4637; &#4773;&#4755;&#4721;&#4757; &#4843;&#4840;, &#4638;&#4727;&#4757; &#4843;&#4616;&#4672;&#4656;, &#4656;&#4814;&#4729; &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; &#4659;&#4673;&#4962; &#4843; &#4624;&#4824;&#4757;, &#4843; &#4840;&#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4621;&#4869; &#4677;&#4653;&#4933; &#4845;&#4640;&#4651;&#4811;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4645;&#4752; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4624;&#4824;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4936;&#4621;&#4872;&#4811;&#4621;</strong>: Shakespeare &#4720;&#4678;&#4621;&#4942; &#4779;&#4706;&#4756; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4752;&#4813;, &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4721;&#4637; &#4768;&#4901;&#4938; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4739;&#4845;&#4616;&#4763; &#4661;&#4616;&#4614;&#4752; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4624;&#4824;&#4757; &#4776;&#4620;&#4616; Shakespeare &#4618;&#4923;&#4941; &#4768;&#4845;&#4731;&#4621;&#4637;, &#4645;&#4752; &#4901;&#4704;&#4709; &#4658;&#4896;&#4939; &#4656;&#4814;&#4729; &#4637;&#4757; &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;?</p></li><li><p><strong>Soft Dystopia</strong>: <em>1984</em> &#4656;&#4814;&#4733;&#4757; &#4936;&#4653;&#4720;&#4813; &#4845;&#4907;&#4755;&#4621;, <em>BNW</em> &#4656;&#4814;&#4729; &#4936;&#4653;&#4720;&#4813; &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4616;&#4637; &#4840;&#4634;&#4723;&#4824;&#4825;&#4725;&#4963; &#4848;&#4661; &#4709;&#4623;&#4728;&#4813; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; Huxley Orwell &#4757; &#8220;&#4840;&#4756; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4677;&#4653;&#4705; &#4752;&#4813;&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#4851;&#4656;&#4659; &#4824;&#4896;&#4755; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725;</strong>: Wells &#8220;&#4843;&#4757; &#4621;&#4709; &#4808;&#4616;&#4853; &#4923;&#4941;&#4725;&#8221; &#4768;&#4616;&#4964; &#4768;&#4840;&#4653;&#4619;&#4757;&#4853;&#4755; &#4768;&#4813;&#4661;&#4725;&#4651;&#4618;&#4843; &#4768;&#4872;&#4849;&#4725;, &#4827;&#4652; &#4776; 15 &#4634;&#4618;&#4846;&#4757; &#4782;&#4946; &#4704;&#4619;&#4845; &#4720;&#4669;&#4903;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>Shakespeare &#4637;&#4656;&#4662;</strong>: &#4653;&#4821;&#4657; <em>The Tempest</em>, John &#4941;&#4677;&#4649; <em>Romeo and Juliet</em>, &#8220;To be or not to be&#8221;, Lighthouse &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4941;&#4931;&#4636; &#4614;&#4752;&#4962;</p></li><li><p><strong>BNW Revisited (1958) / Island (1962)</strong>: &#4611;&#4843; &#4661;&#4853;&#4661;&#4725; &#4819;&#4632;&#4723;&#4725; &#4678;&#4845;&#4726;, &#8220;&#4936;&#4901;&#4759;&#4621;&#8221; &#4768;&#4616;&#4962; <em>Island</em> &#4848;&#4660;&#4721;, &#4656;&#4814;&#4729; moksha-medicine &#4757; &#4704;&#4757;&#4675;&#4725; &#4845;&#4896;&#4672;&#4635;&#4617;, Huxley &#4633;&#4617; &#4720;&#4661;&#4939; &#4678;&#4653;&#4902; &#4768;&#4616;&#4672;&#4656; &#4709;&#4622; &#4659;&#4845;&#4664;&#4669; &#4672;&#4896;&#4616;&#4962;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h3><strong>&#4781;&#4941;&#4621; &#4768;&#4651;&#4725;, &#4813;&#4845;&#4845;&#4725; (&#4851;&#4810;&#4725; &#4773;&#4755; &#4725;&#4821;&#4877;&#4661;&#4725;)</strong></h3><blockquote><p>Infinite scroll&#4963; designer babies&#4963; &#4773;&#4755; &#4928;&#4648;-&#4821;&#4933; &#4637;&#4653;&#4901; &#4621;&#4709; &#4808;&#4616;&#4853; &#4840;&#4923;&#4936;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4638;&#4721; &#4658;&#4675;&#4648;&#4709; LSD &#4808;&#4656;&#4848;&#4962;</p></blockquote><p><strong>&#4827;&#4652; soma &#4637;&#4757;&#4853;&#4757; &#4752;&#4813;?</strong></p><ul><li><p>Infinite Scroll, Short Videos, &#4768;&#4621;&#4878;&#4650;&#4829;&#4633; &#4637;&#4757; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4634;&#4843;&#4661;&#4848;&#4661;&#4725;&#4613; &#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4621;&#4963; &#4673;&#4621;&#4941;&#4613;&#4757; &#4845;&#4907;&#4755;&#4621;, &#4825;&#4650;&#4843; &#4901;&#4637;&#4901;&#4637;</p></li><li><p>Feelies &#8594; VR headset, &#4656;&#4813; &#4633;&#4617; &#4656;&#4813;&#4752;&#4721; &#4661;&#4636;&#4725; &#4658;&#4656;&#4635;&#4813; &#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4707;&#4621;? &#4637;&#4757;&#4637;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>antidepressants, soma &#4755;&#4728;&#4813;? &#4768;&#4845;&#4848;&#4617;&#4637;, &#4624;&#4778;&#4637; &#4843;&#4827;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;&#4963; &#4656;&#4813; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721;&#4757; &#4616;&#4632;&#4637;&#4651;&#4725; &#4752;&#4813; &#4773;&#4757;&#4866; &#4618;&#4664;&#4669; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;, &#4621;&#4841;&#4752;&#4721; &#4725;&#4621;&#4677; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4877;&#4757; &#4629;&#4632;&#4633;&#4757; &#4843;&#4661;&#4776;&#4720;&#4616; &#4609;&#4756;&#4723; &#4659;&#4845;&#4672;&#4840;&#4653; &#4637;&#4621;&#4781;&#4721;&#4757; &#4709;&#4731; &#4779;&#4896;&#4939;&#4757;?</p></li><li><p>CRISPR / He Jiankui (2018): &#4609;&#4616;&#4725; &#4933;&#4757;&#4662;&#4733; &#4866;&#4757; &#4720;&#4672;&#4648;&#4920;, &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4720;&#4848;&#4752;&#4672;, Huxley Bokanovsky Process &#4658;&#4925;&#4941; &#4940;&#4829; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;, &#4827;&#4652; &#4940;&#4825; &#4773;&#4867;&#4733;&#4757; &#4619;&#4845; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>China Social Credit System, &#4659;&#4725;&#4723;&#4656;&#4653; &#4722;&#4780;&#4725; &#4725;&#4776;&#4616;&#4776;&#4619;&#4616;&#4613;, Soft control, John Lighthouse &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; &#4658;&#4872;&#4616;&#4621; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4648;&#4656;&#4705; &#4768;&#4621;&#4848;&#4704;&#4848;&#4704;&#4813;&#4637;, &#4779;&#4636;&#4651; &#4768;&#4853;&#4653;&#4878; &#4936;&#4872;&#4877; &#4709;&#4622; &#4720;&#4632;&#4616;&#4776;&#4720;&#4962;</p></li></ul><p><strong>Eugenics &#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4657; &#4637;&#4757; &#4845;&#4619;&#4621;?</strong></p><ul><li><p>Intelligence polygenic &#4752;&#4813;, &#4704;&#4666;&#4814;&#4733; &#4866;&#4758;&#4733; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4725;&#4757;&#4669; &#4634;&#4755; &#4845;&#4907;&#4808;&#4723;&#4617;, &#8220;Alpha gene&#8221; &#4709;&#4622; &#4899;&#4725; &#4672;&#4661;&#4654; &#4635;&#4659;&#4840;&#4725; &#4768;&#4845;&#4731;&#4621;&#4637;</p></li><li><p>Gene-environment interaction, &#4901;&#4649; &#4866;&#4757; &#4706;&#4758;&#4653; &#4901;&#4649; &#4768;&#4779;&#4707;&#4706; &#4779;&#4621;&#4720;&#4904;&#4632;&#4648; &#4845;&#4848;&#4941;&#4755;&#4621;</p></li><li><p><strong>Flynn Effect</strong>, &#4704; 20 &#4763;&#4813; &#4637;&#4821;&#4720; &#4819;&#4632;&#4725; &#4813;&#4661;&#4901; IQ &#4704; 30 &#4752;&#4901;&#4709; &#4904;&#4637;&#4655;&#4621;, &#4866;&#4757; &#4661;&#4619;&#4621;&#4672;&#4840;&#4648; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;, &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725;&#4963; &#4768;&#4632;&#4875;&#4872;&#4709;&#4963; &#4660;&#4726;&#4733; &#4725;&#4637;&#4613;&#4653;&#4725; &#4708;&#4725; &#4661;&#4616;&#4872;&#4705; &#4752;&#4813;&#4962; &#4609;&#4756;&#4723; &#4658;&#4672;&#4840;&#4653; &#4768;&#4821;&#4637;&#4654; &#4658;&#4672;&#4840;&#4653;, &#4866;&#4757; &#4659;&#4845;&#4672;&#4840;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li><li><p>Bokanovsky Process Huxley &#4659;&#4845;&#4757;&#4661; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757; &#4635;&#4741;&#4704;&#4651;&#4810; &#4940;&#4829; &#4752;&#4813;, Regression to the mean &#4848;&#4877;&#4638; designer babies &#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4843;&#4808;&#4659;&#4661;&#4704;&#4811;&#4621;&#4757; &#4843;&#4659;&#4843;&#4621;&#4962;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4709;&#4825; &#4656;&#4813; &#4840;&#4635;&#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4728;&#4813; &#4752;&#4901;&#4710;&#4733;</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>Brave New World</em> &#4704; <strong>&#4768;&#4651;&#4725; &#4808;&#4651;&#4725;</strong> &#4709;&#4731; &#4720;&#4923;&#4936;, 1931&#4963; &#4899;&#4618;&#4843;&#4757;</p></li><li><p><strong>Bernard Marx</strong> = Bernard Shaw (&#4677;&#4652;&#4723; &#4779;&#4672;&#4648;&#4704; &#4704;&#4747;&#4619; &#4829;&#4755; &#4658;&#4843;&#4872;&#4765; &#4829;&#4637; &#4843;&#4616;) + Karl Marx (&#4779;&#4946;&#4723;&#4618;&#4829;&#4637;&#4757; &#4720;&#4733; &#4752;&#4872;&#4653; &#4877;&#4757; &#4752;&#4923;&#4752;&#4725;&#4757; &#4843;&#4896;&#4939; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4726;&#4733; &#4808;&#4897;), &#4637;&#4609;&#4653; &#4614;&#4758; &#4645;&#4653;&#4819;&#4721; &#4658;&#4824;&#4936;&#4672;&#4813; &#4840;&#4634;&#4843;&#4902;&#4829; &#4656;&#4813;</p></li><li><p><strong>Helmholtz</strong> = Hermann von Helmholtz (&#4864;&#4653;&#4637;&#4755;&#4810; &#4938;&#4826;&#4658;&#4661;&#4725;, &#4840;&#4853;&#4637;&#4933; &#4635;&#4821;&#4704;&#4622;&#4733; &#4739;&#4845;&#4621;), Helmholtz Watson &#4675;&#4619;&#4725; &#4739;&#4845;&#4616;&#4763; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4753; &#4843;&#4813;&#4675;&#4621;, &#4877;&#4757; &#4637;&#4757; &#4618;&#4925;&#4941; &#4773;&#4757;&#4848;&#4614;&#4752; &#4768;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677;&#4637;, &#4637;&#4781;&#4757;&#4843;&#4721;&#4637; &#4661;&#4675;&#4845; &#4768;&#4843;&#4813;&#4677;&#4637;&#4755;</p></li><li><p>Huxley <strong>&#4758;&#4716;&#4637;&#4704;&#4653; 22, 1963</strong> &#4638;&#4720;, JFK &#4776;&#4638;&#4721; &#4672;&#4757;, &#4638;&#4721; &#4659;&#4845;&#4656;&#4635; &#4672;&#4648;</p></li><li><p>&#4638;&#4721; &#4658;&#4675;&#4648;&#4709; LSD &#4896;&#4840;&#4672;, &#4634;&#4661;&#4721; &#4656;&#4896;&#4733;&#4813;, &#4633;&#4617; &#4757;&#4675;&#4721; &#4659;&#4616; &#4638;&#4720;, soma &#4669;&#4669;&#4725; &#4659;&#4845;&#4614;&#4757;, &#4638;&#4721;&#4757; &#4816;&#4845;&#4757; &#4816;&#4845;&#4757; &#4709;&#4622; &#4658;&#4843;&#4875;&#4901;&#4637;&#4813; &#4752;&#4704;&#4653;&#4962;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4840; Huxley &#4720;&#4661;&#4939;</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>The Perennial Philosophy</em> (1945), &#4657;&#4938;&#4829;&#4637;&#4963; &#4705;&#4850;&#4829;&#4637;&#4963; &#4610;&#4757;&#4849;&#4845;&#4829;&#4637;&#4963; &#4840;&#4781;&#4653;&#4661;&#4725;&#4755; &#4634;&#4661;&#4901;&#4651;&#4810;&#4752;&#4725;, &#4768;&#4757;&#4853; &#4781;&#4653; &#4843;&#4678;&#4651;&#4763;&#4728;&#4811;&#4621;, &#4813;&#4661;&#4899;&#4810; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4721; &#4658;&#4656;&#4648;&#4829; &#4656;&#4813; &#4656;&#4813; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621; &#4808;&#4845;?</p></li><li><p><em>The Doors of Perception</em> (1954), &#4768;&#4821;&#4637;&#4654; reducing valve &#4768;&#4616;&#4813;, &#4843; &#4635;&#4899;&#4650;&#4843; &#4658;&#4808;&#4653;&#4853; &#4819;&#4616;&#4633; &#4656;&#4938; &#4845;&#4614;&#4755;&#4621;, &#8220;normal&#8221; &#4821;&#4845;&#4723; &#4637;&#4757; &#4843;&#4613;&#4621; &#4840;&#4896;&#4704;&#4704; &#4752;&#4813;?</p></li><li><p>soma vs. mescaline, soma &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4843;&#4848;&#4752;&#4829;&#4827;&#4621; (&#4776;&#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4664;&#4669;&#4726;), mescaline &#4656;&#4813;&#4757; &#4808;&#4848; &#4629;&#4845;&#4808;&#4725; &#4901;&#4621;&#4672;&#4725; &#4843;&#4808;&#4653;&#4848;&#4811;&#4621;, &#4768;&#4757;&#4848;&#4763;&#4813; &#4843;&#4896;&#4939;&#4621;&#4963; &#4609;&#4616;&#4720;&#4763;&#4813; &#4845;&#4776;&#4941;&#4723;&#4621;, &#4768;&#4677;&#4899;&#4907; &#4752;&#4813; &#4634;&#4827;&#4753;&#4962;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4616;&#4768;&#4853;&#4635;&#4910;&#4733; &#4901;&#4843;&#4676;</strong>: soma &#4757; &#4725;&#4808;&#4661;&#4851;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;? &#4808;&#4845;&#4661; &#4725;&#4675;&#4808;&#4635;&#4619;&#4733;&#4609;? &#4808;&#4845;&#4661;, &#4646;&#4661;&#4720;&#4763; &#4637;&#4653;&#4907; &#4768;&#4616;&#4757;?</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>&#4840;&#4720;&#4896;&#4672;&#4657; &#4645;&#4651;&#4814;&#4733;</strong></h3><p><strong>&#4776; Huxley</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>Crome Yellow</em> (1921)</p></li><li><p><em>Antic Hay</em> (1923)</p></li><li><p><em>Point Counter Point</em> (1928)</p></li><li><p><em>Brave New World</em> (1932)</p></li><li><p><em>Eyeless in Gaza</em> (1936)</p></li><li><p><em>After Many a Summer</em> (1939)</p></li><li><p><em>The Perennial Philosophy</em> (1945)</p></li><li><p><em>The Doors of Perception</em> (1954)</p></li><li><p><em>Brave New World Revisited</em> (1958)</p></li><li><p><em>Island</em> (1962)</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#4620;&#4622;&#4733;</strong></p><ul><li><p>George Orwell, <em>Nineteen Eighty-Four</em> (1949)</p></li><li><p>H.G. Wells, <em>The Shape of Things to Come</em> (1933)</p></li><li><p>Shakespeare, <em>The Tempest</em> &#183; <em>Romeo and Juliet</em> &#183; <em>Othello</em> &#183; <em>Hamlet</em></p></li><li><p>William Blake, <em>The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</em> (&#8221;doors of perception&#8221; &#4637;&#4757;&#4909;)</p></li><li><p><em>Buck v. Bell</em>, &#4840;&#4841;&#4755;&#4845;&#4725;&#4853; &#4661;&#4724;&#4725;&#4661; &#4896;&#4677;&#4619;&#4845; &#4941;&#4653;&#4853; &#4708;&#4725; &#4813;&#4659;&#4756; (1927)</p></li><li><p>James Flynn, Flynn Effect &#4637;&#4653;&#4637;&#4653;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><blockquote><p>&#4723;&#4619;&#4619;&#4677; &#4632;&#4923;&#4629;&#4941;&#4725;, &#4819;&#4616;&#4637;&#4757; &#4672;&#4653;&#4928;&#4813; &#4779;&#4616;&#4937; &#4621;&#4709; &#4808;&#4616;&#4854;&#4733; &#4864;&#4637;&#4654; &#4827;&#4652; &#4843;&#4616;&#4757; &#4819;&#4616;&#4637; &#4773;&#4661;&#4778; &#4768;&#4661;&#4705;&#4962;</p></blockquote>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>